CN107747936B - Method for monitoring surface settlement deformation of underground independent space on line - Google Patents
Method for monitoring surface settlement deformation of underground independent space on line Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for monitoring surface subsidence deformation of an underground single space on line, which comprises the following steps: (1) obtaining a settling tank curve through array calculation; (2) selecting a transverse measuring point array on the cross section; (3) arranging longitudinal measuring point columns on the longitudinal section; (4) excavating a rectangular drilling hole with fixed length, width and height at each array position of the transverse and longitudinal measuring points, putting the protection well into the hole, injecting rapid-setting concrete, and putting the MEMS inclination angle sensing equipment into the hole; (5) each MEMS inclination angle sensing device automatically measures an inclination angle and sends the inclination angle to a terminal through a network; (6) the terminal automatically and wirelessly receives the measurement data, and transmits the measurement data to the tunnel cloud monitoring server after the measurement data is interpreted; (7) the server completes the functions of receiving, storing, processing, analyzing, alarming and visually displaying the monitoring data on line. The monitoring method can realize full-process intelligent measurement, and has high measurement precision and simple installation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of underground spaces, in particular to a method for monitoring surface subsidence deformation of an underground single space on line.
Background
With the continuous development of economy and society in China, the construction scale of traffic infrastructure is gradually enlarged, and the number and mileage of tunnels are gradually increased. By 2010, the total length of the railway tunnel built in China exceeds 7000km, the highway tunnel is 5000km, and the subway line is 1400 km. By 2020, China can plan and construct 5000 tunnels with the total length of over 9000 kilometers. China has become the world with the most tunnels, the most complex tunnels and the fastest development.
In tunnel construction, particularly in a tunneling process, a surrounding rock disturbance effect is generated, so that vault settlement and peripheral convergence of a tunnel are caused, and the ground surface is also subjected to settlement and deformation. When the tunnel construction is carried out in cities with dense population and densely distributed building facilities, the surrounding buildings and underground pipelines are numerous, and stratum settlement generated in the tunnel construction process easily causes inclination of earth surface building structures and even cracking and collapse, so that a plurality of risk hidden dangers exist and accidents are frequent. Therefore, monitoring of the settlement and deformation of the ground surface of the tunnel becomes an important component of information construction of the tunnel, and is an important means for knowing the influence of tunnel construction on the ground surface in time, further effectively controlling the safety of the tunnel and protecting the buildings on the ground.
The traditional tunnel surface settlement deformation monitoring method generally adopts a geometric leveling method or a triangular elevation measurement method, and measures such as a total station, a level gauge, a leveling rod and the like are used for measuring points by points and sections by sections along the tunnel excavation direction. This measurement method has the following disadvantages: 1) technical personnel are required to manually measure on site, so that not only is the site operation complicated and time-consuming and labor-consuming, but also the influence of human factors on the measurement precision is large; 2) urban tunnels are usually built along trunk public roads, the road traffic is busy, the environment is complex, the influence factors are numerous, the measurement field is narrow, field measurement is often required to be carried out at night, the light is weak, and the measurement reliability and sensitivity are low; 3) each section only measures a limited number of point positions, and the deformation state of the whole section is difficult to accurately reflect; 4) on-site monitoring data is usually processed by adopting a file management and manual calculation mode, database management, sharing and original data tracing cannot be realized, so that the analysis efficiency is low, and the authenticity of the data cannot be guaranteed. Therefore, the traditional monitoring method cannot meet the requirements of modern tunnel construction and operation on an automatic and informatization monitoring and measuring technology.
In recent years, with the continuous development of computers, internet of things and wireless communication technologies, tunnel surface settlement monitoring is spanning from manual measurement to automatic monitoring. Automated monitoring equipment such as piezoresistive static levels, automatic total stations and distributed optical fiber strain monitoring are used in automated monitoring projects for tunnel surface settlement. However, the monitoring equipment has the defects of high cost, difficult installation and the like, and is rarely applied to actual engineering.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for monitoring the surface subsidence deformation of an underground single space on line, which aims to solve the problems in the background technology.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a method for monitoring the surface settlement deformation of an underground single space on line is a method for monitoring the surface settlement deformation of the underground single space on line by utilizing a distributed MEMS inclination angle sensing equipment array, and comprises the following steps:
(1) performing theoretical calculation and prediction according to engineering geological conditions within the influence range of the excavated underground space to obtain the subsider curves of the cross section and the longitudinal section, and arranging measuring points at the curve recurvation points and the steep descending sections;
(2) on the cross section of the ground surface of the underground single space perpendicular to the symmetry axis, a transverse measuring point array is preferably selected in the inclination angle mutation area;
(3) on the longitudinal section of the underground single space earth surface along the symmetry axis, measuring points are arranged according to the reverse bending point and the steep descending section of the longitudinal section curve at the initial stage of excavation, and a longitudinal measuring point array is uniformly arranged according to a certain distance after the area enters stable settlement;
(4) excavating rectangular drill holes with fixed length, width and height at the positions of each transverse measuring point array and each longitudinal measuring point array, putting a prefabricated protection well into the hole, injecting quick-setting concrete into the hole, adjusting the surface of the prefabricated protection well to meet the flatness required by the MEMS inclination angle sensing equipment, and putting the MEMS inclination angle sensing equipment into the hole when the strength meets the requirement;
(5) each MEMS inclination angle sensing device is provided with a power supply, automatically measures the inclination angle of the earth surface soil body at the position under the unattended condition, and sends the inclination angle to a nearby ZigBee center transmission terminal through a Zigbee wireless ad hoc network;
(6) the central transmission terminal automatically and wirelessly receives the measurement data from each earth surface settlement measuring point under the unattended condition, performs interpretation processing and repackaging, and then sends the data to a tunnel cloud monitoring server deployed at the cloud end according to a TCP/IP protocol format through a GPRS/4G wireless communication network;
(7) and the server completes the functions of receiving, storing, processing, analyzing, predicting, alarming and visually displaying the tunnel surface settlement deformation monitoring data on line.
As a further scheme of the invention: in the cross section of the underground single space to be excavated, preferably eight places with violent changes of the surface inclination angle are used as measuring points, and MEMS inclination angle sensing equipment is placed.
As a still further scheme of the invention: the MEMS inclination angle sensing equipment is based on an inclination angle curve formula of a horizontal settling tank in an underground single space
Measuring points are distributed, wherein i is the width of the settling tank, and the depth z of the tunnel0The following relationships exist:
i＝Kz0(2)
k in the formula is called a width parameter of the settling tank, mainly depends on the soil property, and is determined by early-stage geological survey estimation;
the specific layout method is as follows: 1) two MEMS inclination angle sensing devices are arranged at +/-i positions on two sides of the central line of the tunnel, and the positions are the reverse bending points of the sedimentation funnel and have the maximum inclination angle; 2) the two MEMS inclination angle sensing devices are arranged at +/-0.5 i positions, the two MEMS inclination angle sensing devices are arranged at +/-1.5 i positions, and the four measuring points are steep descending sections of the sedimentation funnel and have larger inclination angles; 3) and the two MEMS inclination angle sensing devices are arranged at +/-4 i positions, and are positioned outside the deformation area of the sedimentation funnel to serve as datum points.
As a still further scheme of the invention: according to the measured values of the surface inclination angles of eight measuring points in the cross section of the underground single space, fitting coefficients in a formula of the characteristic curve of the inclination angle of the transverse settling tank of the underground single space by adopting a least square method so as to solve the settlement displacement of the underground single space;
the least squares fit formula is as follows:
in the formula, Xdata(s)Is the abscissa of 8 measuring points, Zdata(s)The inclination angle value of each measuring point is obtained; when the coefficient S in the settling tank inclination angle characteristic curve formulamaxI after being calibrated by the least square method, the underground independent space transverse settlement curve can be characterized by a Peck formula, namely
As a still further scheme of the invention: measuring points are arranged according to the inflection points and the steep descending sections of a longitudinal section curve at the initial stage of excavation on the longitudinal section of the ground surface of the underground single space along a symmetry axis, a longitudinal measuring point array is uniformly arranged according to a certain interval after the area enters stable settlement, and then a least square method is adopted to fit coefficients in a tunnel longitudinal section settling tank inclination angle characteristic curve formula so as to solve the settlement displacement of the underground single space;
the least squares fit formula is as follows:
in the formula, Xdata(s)As ordinate of N measuring points, Zdata(s)And (4) obtaining the inclination angle value of each measuring point. When the coefficient S in the settling tank inclination angle characteristic curve formulamaxI is calibrated by the least square method, and the underground independent space transverse settlement curve can be characterized by a Yoshikoshi formula, namely
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the monitoring method can realize automatic measurement, and has high measurement precision and simple installation; the tilt angle measurement with the maximum resolution can be provided; the method has the characteristics of high fitting efficiency, high precision and the like; the method can eliminate the interference of complex environments near the measuring point and realize the measurement of the inclination angle with the highest precision.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an arrangement of an MEMS inclination angle sensing array device of a surface cross section of an underground single space in a method for monitoring settlement deformation of the surface of the underground single space on line.
FIG. 2 is an arrangement of MEMS inclination angle sensing array equipment of a longitudinal section of the underground single space earth surface in the method for monitoring the settlement deformation of the underground single space earth surface on line.
FIG. 3 is a prefabricated integrated base in the method for monitoring the surface settlement deformation of the underground single space on line.
FIG. 4 is a layout diagram of a horizontal surface subsidence test sensor in the underground single space in the method for monitoring the surface subsidence deformation of the underground single space on line.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1 to 4, in an embodiment of the present invention, a method for online monitoring of surface subsidence deformation of an underground single space is a method for online monitoring of surface subsidence deformation of an underground single space by using a distributed MEMS tilt angle sensing device array, and includes the following steps:
(1) performing theoretical calculation and prediction according to engineering geological conditions within the influence range of the excavated underground space to obtain the subsider curves of the cross section and the longitudinal section, and arranging measuring points at the curve recurvation points and the steep descending sections;
(2) on the cross section of the ground surface of the underground single space perpendicular to the symmetry axis, a transverse measuring point array is preferably selected in the inclination angle mutation area, as shown in figure 1;
(3) on the longitudinal section of the underground single space earth surface along the symmetry axis, longitudinal measuring point arrays are uniformly arranged at certain intervals, as shown in figure 2;
(4) excavating rectangular drill holes with fixed length, width and height at the positions of each transverse measuring point array and each longitudinal measuring point array, putting a prefabricated protection well 1 into the hole, injecting quick-setting concrete 2 into the hole, adjusting the surface of the prefabricated protection well to meet the flatness required by the MEMS inclination angle sensing equipment 3, and putting the MEMS inclination angle sensing equipment 3 into the hole when the strength meets the requirement, as shown in figure 3;
(5) each MEMS inclination angle sensing device 3 is provided with a power supply, can automatically measure the inclination angle of the earth surface soil body at the position under the unattended condition, and sends the inclination angle to a nearby ZigBee center transmission terminal through a Zigbee wireless ad hoc network;
(6) the central transmission terminal can automatically and wirelessly receive the measurement data from each earth surface settlement measuring point under the unattended condition, decipher and re-encapsulate the data, and send the data to a tunnel cloud monitoring server deployed at the cloud end according to a TCP/IP protocol format through a GPRS/4G wireless communication network;
(7) and the server completes the software functions of receiving, storing, processing, analyzing, alarming, visualizing displaying and the like of the tunnel surface settlement deformation monitoring data on line.
As shown in FIG. 4, in the cross section of the underground single space to be excavated, preferably eight positions with violent changes of the surface inclination angle are used as measuring points, and MEMS inclination angle sensing equipment is placed. Compared with the arrangement scheme of measuring points with the same quantity and the same spacing, the method is convenient for the sensor to capture more subtle inclination changes of the surface of the settling tank, so that the inclination angle measuring effect with higher resolution and higher precision can be obtained.
The method is based on an inclination curve formula of a horizontal settling tank in an underground single space
And (6) carrying out measuring point layout. Wherein i is the width of the settling tank and the depth z of the tunnel0The following relationships exist:
i＝Kz0(2)
in the formula, K is called a settler width parameter and mainly depends on soil property and is determined by early geological survey estimation.
The specific layout method is as follows: 1) two MEMS inclination angle sensing devices are arranged at +/-i positions on two sides of the central line of the tunnel, and the positions are the reverse bending points of the sedimentation funnel and have the maximum inclination angle; 2) the two MEMS inclination angle sensing devices are arranged at +/-0.5 i positions, the two MEMS inclination angle sensing devices are arranged at +/-1.5 i positions, and the four measuring points are steep descending sections of the sedimentation funnel and have larger inclination angles; 3) and the two MEMS inclination angle sensing devices are arranged at +/-4 i positions, and are positioned outside the deformation area of the sedimentation funnel to serve as datum points.
And fitting coefficients in a dip angle characteristic curve formula of the horizontal settling tank of the underground single space by adopting a least square method according to the measured values of the surface inclination angles of eight measuring points in the cross section of the underground single space, so as to solve the settlement displacement of the underground single space. Compared with the traditional slope integration method, the settlement displacement curve solved by the method is closer to the actual settlement condition, and the method has higher resolving precision.
The least squares fit formula is as follows:
in the formula, Xdata(s)Is the abscissa of 8 measuring points, Zdata(s)And (4) obtaining the inclination angle value of each measuring point. When the coefficient S in the settling tank inclination angle characteristic curve formulamaxI after being calibrated by the least square method, the underground independent space transverse settlement curve can be characterized by a Peck formula, namely
And uniformly arranging longitudinal measuring point arrays on the longitudinal section of the underground single space earth surface along the symmetry axis at certain intervals, and fitting coefficients in a settlement tank inclination angle characteristic curve formula of the longitudinal section of the tunnel by adopting a least square method so as to solve the settlement displacement of the underground single space. Compared with the traditional slope integration method, the settlement displacement curve solved by the method is closer to the actual settlement condition, and the method has higher resolving precision.
The least squares fit formula is as follows:
in the formula, Xdata(s)As ordinate of N measuring points, Zdata(s)And (4) obtaining the inclination angle value of each measuring point. When the coefficient S in the settling tank inclination angle characteristic curve formulamaxI is calibrated by the least square method, and the underground independent space transverse settlement curve can be characterized by a Yoshikoshi formula, namely
And when the inclination angle is measured by using the inclination angle sensor, the vibration acceleration sensor is used for compensating the environmental vibration error, and the temperature sensor is used for measuring and compensating the environmental temperature. Compared with the traditional tilt angle sensor measuring method, the sensor design method can eliminate the interference of complex environments near the measuring point, and the highest-precision tilt angle measurement is realized.
The monitoring method can realize automatic measurement, and has high measurement precision and simple installation.
It will be evident to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the foregoing illustrative embodiments, and that the present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential attributes thereof. The present embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein. Any reference sign in a claim should not be construed as limiting the claim concerned.
Furthermore, it should be understood that although the present description refers to embodiments, not every embodiment may contain only a single embodiment, and such description is for clarity only, and those skilled in the art should integrate the description, and the embodiments may be combined as appropriate to form other embodiments understood by those skilled in the art.
Claims (4)
1. A method for monitoring the surface settlement deformation of an underground single space on line is characterized in that a distributed MEMS inclination angle sensing equipment array is used for monitoring the surface settlement deformation of the underground single space on line, and comprises the following steps:
(1) performing theoretical calculation and prediction according to engineering geological conditions within the influence range of the excavated underground space to obtain the subsider curves of the cross section and the longitudinal section, and arranging measuring points at the curve recurvation points and the steep descending sections;
(2) selecting a transverse measuring point array in the inclination angle mutation area on a cross section of the ground surface of the underground independent space, which is vertical to the symmetry axis;
(3) on a longitudinal section of the ground surface of the underground single space along a symmetry axis, measuring points are arranged according to a reverse bending point and a steep descending section of a longitudinal section curve at the initial excavation stage, and a longitudinal measuring point array is uniformly arranged at a certain interval after a monitoring area enters stable settlement;
the MEMS inclination angle sensing equipment is based on an inclination angle curve formula of a horizontal settling tank in an underground independent space
Measuring points are distributed, wherein i is the width of the settling tank, and the depth z of the tunnel0The following relationships exist:
i＝Kz0(2)
k in the formula is called a width parameter of the settling tank, mainly depends on the soil property, and is determined by early-stage geological survey estimation;
the specific layout method is as follows: 1) two MEMS inclination angle sensing devices are arranged at +/-i positions on two sides of the central line of the tunnel, and the positions are the reverse bending points of the sedimentation funnel and have the maximum inclination angle; 2) the two MEMS inclination angle sensing devices are arranged at +/-0.5 i positions, the two MEMS inclination angle sensing devices are arranged at +/-1.5 i positions, and the four measuring points are steep descending sections of the sedimentation funnel and have larger inclination angles; 3) the two MEMS inclination angle sensing devices are arranged at +/-4 i positions, and the positions are located outside the deformation area of the sedimentation funnel and serve as datum points;
(4) excavating rectangular drill holes with fixed length, width and height at the positions of each transverse measuring point array and each longitudinal measuring point array, putting a prefabricated protection well into the hole, injecting quick-setting concrete into the hole, adjusting the surface of the prefabricated protection well to meet the flatness required by the MEMS inclination angle sensing equipment, and putting the MEMS inclination angle sensing equipment into the hole when the strength meets the requirement;
(5) each MEMS inclination angle sensing device is provided with a power supply, automatically measures the inclination angle of the earth surface soil body at the position under the unattended condition, and sends the inclination angle to a nearby ZigBee center transmission terminal through a Zigbee wireless ad hoc network;
(6) the central transmission terminal automatically and wirelessly receives the measurement data from each earth surface settlement measuring point under the unattended condition, performs interpretation processing and repackaging, and then sends the data to a tunnel cloud monitoring server deployed at the cloud end according to a TCP/IP protocol format through a GPRS/4G wireless communication network;
(7) and the server completes the functions of receiving, storing, processing, analyzing, predicting, alarming and visually displaying the tunnel surface settlement deformation monitoring data on line.
2. The method for on-line monitoring of the surface settlement deformation of the underground single space as claimed in claim 1, wherein eight positions with violent changes of the surface inclination angle are selected as measuring points in the cross section of the underground single space to be excavated, and MEMS inclination angle sensing equipment is placed.
3. The method for on-line monitoring of the surface sedimentation deformation of the underground single space according to claim 1, wherein according to the surface inclination angle measured values at eight measuring points in the cross section of the underground single space, the least square method is adopted to fit the coefficients in the dip angle characteristic curve formula of the horizontal sedimentation tank of the underground single space, so as to solve the sedimentation displacement of the underground single space;
the least squares fit formula is as follows:
in the formula, Xdata(s)Is the abscissa of 8 measuring points, Zdata(s)The inclination angle value of each measuring point is obtained; when the coefficient S in the settling tank inclination angle characteristic curve formulamaxI after being calibrated by the least square method, the underground independent space transverse settlement curve can be characterized by a Peck formula, namely
4. The method for on-line monitoring of the settlement deformation of the earth surface of the underground single space according to claim 1, characterized in that measuring points are arranged according to the inflection points and the steep descending sections of the curve of the longitudinal section at the initial stage of excavation on the longitudinal section of the earth surface of the underground single space along the symmetry axis, a longitudinal measuring point array is uniformly arranged at a certain interval after a monitoring area enters stable settlement, and then a least square method is adopted to fit coefficients in a formula of the characteristic curve of the inclination angle of the settlement tank of the longitudinal section of the tunnel, so as to solve the settlement displacement of the underground single space;
the least squares fit formula is as follows:
in the formula, Xdata(s)As ordinate of N measuring points, Zdata(s)The inclination angle value of each measuring point is obtained; when the coefficient S in the settling tank inclination angle characteristic curve formulamaxI is calibrated by the least square method, and the underground independent space transverse settlement curve can be characterized by a Yoshikoshi formula, namely
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| CN109029337A (en) * | 2018-07-25 | 2018-12-18 | 中国电建集团北京勘测设计研究院有限公司 | A kind of earth and rockfill dam impervious body DEFORMATION MONITORING SYSTEM and monitoring method |
| CN109183861A (en) * | 2018-10-15 | 2019-01-11 | 建研地基基础工程有限责任公司 | A kind of foundation pit intelligent monitoring method and monitoring system based on mems sensor |
| CN110081845B (en) * | 2019-05-30 | 2020-05-08 | 福州大学 | Device for monitoring warping shape of three-dimensional comprehensive plate of cement pavement in early age and implementation method |
| CN113378269B (en) * | 2021-06-08 | 2024-03-19 | 中交隧道工程局有限公司 | Tunnel settlement deformation prediction method |
| CN113390388B (en) * | 2021-06-08 | 2022-05-17 | 中交隧道工程局有限公司 | Method for predicting long-term settlement deformation-time of tunnel |
| CN113916181B (en) * | 2021-09-09 | 2023-05-09 | 国网新源控股有限公司 | Data processing method of surface-internal integrated deformation monitoring device |
| CN114061535B (en) * | 2021-11-15 | 2022-09-13 | 北京环安工程检测有限责任公司 | Subway tunnel automatic deformation monitoring method and device based on MEMS |
| CN117889824B (en) * | 2024-03-14 | 2024-05-24 | 四川高速公路建设开发集团有限公司 | Structural settlement deformation monitoring method, device, equipment and storage medium |
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| CN104864913A (en) * | 2015-06-04 | 2015-08-26 | 无锡市博尚光电科技有限公司 | Distributed health-monitoring system for tunnel structure of highway bridge |
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Effective date of registration: 20200902 Address after: 100124 Beijing city Chaoyang District South Mill Road No. 37 room 1701-1703 (Downtown North boring centralized Office District No. 171595) Co-patentee after: BEIJING ZHONGLI ZHIYAN INTERNET OF THINGS TECHNOLOGY Co.,Ltd. Patentee after: BEIJING LEIYUDA TECHNOLOGY Co.,Ltd. Address before: 100124 Beijing city Chaoyang District South Mill Road No. 37 room 1701-1703 (Downtown North boring centralized Office District No. 171595) Patentee before: BEIJING LEIYUDA TECHNOLOGY Co.,Ltd. |
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