CN107741273B - Wide-width wide-spectrum long-wave infrared hyperspectral imaging system based on line detector - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a wide-width wide-spectrum long-wave infrared hyperspectral imaging system based on a line detector, which is characterized in that a slit is used for scanning in an up-down motion mode along a direction vertical to the slit, and a swinging mirror is compensated for synchronous rotation scanning, so that image planes of different spectrum wavelengths of the same target are moved up and down in the focal plane position according to the wavelength size, and the line detector can acquire information of all wavelength spectrum channels in a time-sharing mode. The system realizes a wide-range imaging technology of long-wave infrared hyperspectral through the line array infrared detector, so that the breadth is not limited by the scale of the area array detector, and the synergistic effect of the slit and the scanning swing mirror is skillfully utilized, the problem that tens of wave bands in the whole long-wave infrared wave band on a spectrum imaging surface are acquired by using the line array detector to acquire more characteristic information of a target is solved, the long-wave infrared wide-range imaging technology is realized, and the system has the advantages of simple structure, light weight and low power consumption and can be applied to a ground, airborne or satellite-borne wide-range hyperspectral imaging system.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to optical elements, systems, and in particular to hyperspectral imagers. In particular to a wide-width wide-spectrum wavelength infrared hyperspectral imaging system based on a line detector and an imaging method thereof, which are used in an onboard or spaceborne earth observation imager.
Background
The hyperspectral imaging technology is a remote sensing technology developed in the 80 s, and is different from the traditional spectrometer in that the hyperspectral imaging technology integrates an image and a spectrum (spectrum is integrated), and the continuous fine spectrum information of a target is synchronously acquired while the two-dimensional space image information of the target is acquired with the nanoscale spectrum resolution, so that the detection capability of space remote sensing is greatly improved. Compared with visible, near infrared and short wave infrared, the long wave infrared hyperspectral imaging technology has unique advantages, the spectrum coverage reaches nearly ten thousand nanometers, the precise spectrum information of the heat radiation of the target can be obtained, the components of the ground object can be effectively identified, the structural characteristics of the ground object can be effectively distinguished, the parameter information such as the temperature and the emissivity of the ground object can be obtained, and the method can be widely applied to the observation of land, atmosphere, ocean and the like.
Along with the development of the target detection task demand towards the refinement and the practicability, the imaging breadth and the spectrum width of the remote sensing instrument relate to the efficiency of remote sensing operation and the speed of revisiting period and the quantity of acquired target characteristic information, and the broad-width broad-spectrum technology is an important demand for the business development of the hyperspectral imaging technology.
The traditional hyperspectral imaging technology is mainly push-broom type, and an area array detector is adopted to acquire space dimension information and spectrum dimension information of a target, and the principle is as follows: ground reflection or radiation signals are focused and imaged on a slit surface through a front telescope, and an incident slit enables an image of a ground strap in a track passing direction to pass through, so that the rest part is shielded. The radiation energy passing through the slit (field stop) passes through the beam splitting system, is spectrally dispersed in the direction perpendicular to the slit length and imaged on the photosensitive surface of the area array detector. The horizontal direction of the photosensitive surface is parallel to the slit, namely the space dimension, and the horizontal photosensitive surface element of each row is an image of a spectrum channel of the ground strip; the vertical direction of the photosurface is the dispersion direction, denoted as the spectral dimension, and each column of photosurface elements is a spatially sampled field of view (pixel) spectrally dispersed image of the ground object stripe.
Therefore, in the prior art, the long-wave infrared hyperspectral imager also generally adopts an area array long-wave infrared detector to acquire information. While the long-wave infrared array detector is limited by the level of materials, technology and the like, and the array size is limited. Such as the U.S. AHI long wave infrared spectrometer, with a band range of 7.5 μm to 11.5 μm and 256 bands, using a 256×256-element HgCdTe detector (Lucey, P.G., et al, AHI: an airborne long wave infrared hyperspectral imager. Proceedings SPIE Conference on Airborne Reconnaissance,1998: P36-43). At present, the area array long-wave infrared focal plane detector, in particular to a long-wave infrared band, has a small general size, and the development of the long-wave infrared focal plane device in recent years is listed below:
(1) The sonfradir company 2005 in france reported a detector with a cutoff wavelength of 12.1 μm and a scale of 320 x 256;
(2) Raycheon corporation 2005 in the united states reported a detector with a cutoff wavelength of 17 μm and a scale of 160 x 160;
(3) The germany AIM corporation 2007 developed a detector with a cutoff wavelength of 12.8 μm, on a scale of 256 x 256;
(4) The united states aerospace agency Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) 2010 developed detectors with a cutoff wavelength of 9 μm and a size of 640 x 512;
(5) A detector with a cutoff wavelength of 9.3 μm and a scale of 640 x 512 was developed in 2013 by Sofradir, france;
(6) The detector with the cutoff wavelength of 12.5 mu m and the scale of 320 multiplied by 256 is developed in 2015 of Shanghai technology institute of technology in Chinese sciences;
(7) The detector with a cut-off wavelength of 9 μm and a scale of 1280×1024 was developed in 2016 by AIM company, germany.
Therefore, the size of the receiving area array of the long-wave infrared detector is currently smaller than 1500 pixels, and the cut-off wavelength of the detector is reduced along with the increase of the size of the area array, and the response spectrum band range is small, so that the traditional push-broom long-wave infrared hyperspectral imager cannot realize wide-range spectrum. And 10.0-12.5 μm, which is the most important and wide application band of the long-wave infrared. Along with the improvement of the spatial resolution of the pixel and the expansion of the breadth, the scale requirement of the pixel module is greatly improved. How to solve the problem that the size of the space dimension pixel with the cutoff wavelength of 12.5 mu m is larger than 2000 yuan, breaks through the limit of the infrared detector technology, realizes the long-wave infrared wide-amplitude wide-spectrum hyperspectral imaging, and is a great technical problem to be solved at home and abroad.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a wide-amplitude long-wave infrared hyperspectral imager based on a line detector. The invention aims to solve the problem that the traditional push-broom type long-wave infrared hyperspectral imager cannot realize wide-range spectrum imaging, breaks through the technical method of the traditional hyperspectral imager based on an area array detector, skillfully utilizes the up-and-down motion scanning of a slit to compensate a swinging mirror to carry out synchronous rotation compensation, and enables image planes of different spectrum wavelengths of the same target to move up and down in order according to the size of the wavelength at a focal plane position, so that a line detector can acquire information of all wavelength spectrum channels in a time-sharing way. The number of pixels of a general line detector is 10 times higher than that of an area array detector, the residence time of the pixels of long-wave infrared imaging is tens of milliseconds, and the integration time of the pixels can only be effectively used for hundreds of microseconds, so that a plurality of times of traditional imaging breadth can be obtained, the number of channels reaches more than dozens of long-wave infrared hyperspectral images, the order of magnitude of the long-wave infrared hyperspectral imaging breadth is improved, and the business application of long-wave infrared hyperspectral imaging is greatly promoted.
For this purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a wide-width wide-spectrum long-wave infrared hyperspectral imaging system based on a line detector is shown in fig. 1, and comprises a telescopic objective lens 1, a compensating swing lens 2, an imaging lens 3, a slit 4, a long-wave infrared spectroscopic system 5, a long-wave infrared spectrum focal plane 6 and a line detector 7, and is characterized in that: after converging light from a target through the telescope 1, reflecting the light through the compensation swing mirror 2, imaging the light on the slit 4 through the imaging mirror 3, enabling the radiant energy passing through the slit 4 to pass through the long-wave infrared spectroscopic system 5, performing spectral imaging on the long-wave infrared spectral focal plane 6, and obtaining spectral plane information by using the line array detector 7; the slit 4 moves up and down along the direction of the vertical slit to scan, the compensation swing mirror 2 performs synchronous rotation scanning, so that the image planes of different spectrum wavelengths of the same target move up and down in sequence according to the size of the wavelength at the focal plane 6, and the line detector 7 acquires the information of all the spectrum channels of the wavelength in a time sharing way.
The invention provides an imaging method of a wide-width wide-spectrum long-wave infrared hyperspectral imaging system based on a line detector, which is shown in figures 1 and 2, wherein the long-wave infrared hyperspectral imaging system is carried on a motion platform 8 to image a target, the specific imaging method is as follows,
the slit 4 is offset from the main optical axis by a distance-Ln of 1-1 in the perpendicular slit direction max Is scanned in steps of N to a distance +Ln from the main optical axis of 1-1 max The compensating pendulum mirror 2 is synchronized from a position offset from the pendulum main axis 1-2 by an angle- αn max Is rotated and scanned to deviate from the main shaft by 1-2 degrees +alpha N in N steps max Is located at the focal plane 6-positionThe method comprises the steps of sequentially moving the device from bottom to top in N steps according to the wavelength to obtain N pieces of continuous spectrum information, and reading photoelectric conversion signals of the device by a line detector 7, so that the line detector 7 can obtain the information of N spectrum channels in the whole long-wave infrared wavelength range of a target in a time-sharing manner, wherein N is the spectrum number of the long-wave infrared hyperspectral imaging system;
after the linear detector 7 acquires hyperspectral images of N channels of the whole long-wave infrared range of the target, a slit 4 is formed; after the line detector 7 obtains all the characteristic information on the long-wave infrared spectrum focal plane 6 of the target, the slit 4 is rapidly deviated from the main optical axis by 1-1 distance +Ln max Returns to a position 1-1 distance-Ln from the main optical axis max The corresponding compensating pendulum mirror 2 is rapidly shifted from the pendulum main axis 1-2 angle + an max Is returned to a position 1-2 degrees from the main axis-an max To begin imaging the next object; repeating the steps to obtain the information of all wavelength spectrum channels of the required target imaging;
wherein the slit 4 moves up and down a distance L from the position of the main optical axis 1-1 n Angle alpha from compensating pendulum mirror 2 rotation scanning offset pendulum main axis 1-2 n The following relationship is maintained throughout:
wherein v is L The motion speed of the slit 4 is v is the overall motion speed of the motion platform 8, and h is the motion height of the motion platform 8; d (D) 1 The distance between the telescope objective lens 1 and the compensating swing lens 2; d (D) 2 To compensate for the distance between the oscillating mirror 2 and the slit.
Wherein the slit 4 moves up and down within a maximum distance range + -Ln from the position of the main optical axis 1-1 max ，
Wherein H is 1 The height of the long-wave infrared spectrum focal plane 6 is the vertical axis magnification of the long-wave infrared spectrum system 5,
wherein H is 2 For slit 4 height, H 3 At the height of the line detector 7.
The invention adopts the technical scheme and has the following advantages:
1) The method that the traditional hyperspectral imager must use an area array detector is broken through, so that the breadth of the long-wave infrared hyperspectral imager is not limited by the small scale of the long-wave infrared area array detector, the wide-range imaging technology of long-wave infrared hyperspectral imaging is realized, and the imaging breadth is improved by an order of magnitude.
2) The problems of acquiring dozens of wave bands on a spectrum imaging surface and acquiring more characteristic information of a target by using a line detector are solved by utilizing the synergistic effect of the slit and the scanning swing mirror, the wide spectrum imaging technology of long-wave infrared hyperspectral imaging is realized, and a plurality of spectrum segments are imaged on the photosensitive element of the same line detector, so that the line detector has good consistency and reference.
3) The linear array detector is adopted to replace the area array detector, and the whole instrument has the advantages of simple structure, light weight, small volume and low power consumption, and can be applied to ground, airborne or satellite-borne wide-range wide-spectrum hyperspectral imaging systems.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a wide-width wide-spectrum long-wave infrared hyperspectral imaging system based on a line detector;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an imaging method of a wide-width wide-spectrum long-wave infrared hyperspectral imaging system based on a line detector of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a slit structure of a wide-width wide-spectrum long-wave infrared hyperspectral imaging system based on a line detector of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a long-wave infrared spectrum focal plane structure of a wide-width wide-spectrum long-wave infrared hyperspectral imaging system based on a line detector;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a line detector structure of a wide-width wide-spectrum long-wave infrared hyperspectral imaging system based on the line detector of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of an on-board long-wave infrared hyperspectral imager-carried aircraft imaging a target in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of an airborne long-wave infrared hyperspectral imager carried by an aircraft for imaging a target to obtain spectral information according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention, and in order to provide a more thorough understanding of the objects, features and advantages of the present invention, one embodiment of the present invention will be described below in connection with the accompanying drawings and examples, but the present invention is not limited to the embodiments disclosed below.
According to the schematic diagram of the wide-width wide-spectrum long-wave infrared hyperspectral imaging system based on the line-array detector shown in fig. 1, an airborne long-wave infrared hyperspectral imager is taken as an example, and a specific implementation method is provided according to the structural characteristics and functions in the invention. The system indexes of the airborne long-wave hyperspectral imager are as follows:
fly height: 1Km;
flight speed: 150Km/h
Ground resolution: 0.5m;
width of cloth: 1Km;
wavelength range: 8.0-12.5 mu m;
number of spectral bands: 40, a step of performing a;
detector pixel size: 28 μm
Because of the onboard long-wave infrared hyperspectral imager, the thermal infrared radiation enters the detector end after being split by the beam splitting system, and the energy is weaker, so that the detector is required to have a larger detection rate and a larger pixel size in order to achieve better detection efficiency. The area array type long wave infrared detector capable of meeting the requirements of an onboard long wave infrared hyperspectral imager system generally has two specifications of 15 μm in pixel size, 640×512 in pixel number and 30 μm in pixel size and 320×256 in pixel number. Under the index condition of the onboard long-wave infrared hyperspectral imager system, the field angle can only reach 137.2mrad, and under the flying height, the ground width is only 128m, and the resolution ratio is greatly different from the resolution ratio of 1Km of the ground width of the invention.
According to the above technical indexes, as shown in fig. 6, the flight altitude of the aircraft is 1Km, the flight speed of the aircraft is 150Km/h, and the ground resolution is 0.5m, so that the imaging time of one stripe corresponding to the ground is 12ms. Thus, the spectrum scanning and image acquisition of 40 long-wave infrared channels must be completed within 12ms.
According to fig. 1, the parameters of a wide-amplitude long-wave infrared hyperspectral imager based on a line detector are designed as follows:
the focal length of the telescopic objective lens 1 is 50mm; the caliber is 25mm, the visual field is 60 degrees, and a refractive structure can be selected.
The compensation swing mirror 2 is a quartz reflecting mirror, and the size is 150mm multiplied by 70mm multiplied by 20mm; the weight was about 460g. According to formulas (1) and (2), the maximum distance of the slit 4 from the center distance is 0.56mm, and the moving distance of the slit 4 is + -0.56 mm; the compensation angle of the compensation oscillating mirror is + -0.3102 degrees according to the formula (1).
9ms is a period, and the oscillating mirror driving motor and the oscillating mirror motor control circuit meet the following conditions: the compensation swing mirror 2 is driven to rotate from-0.3102 degrees to +0.3102 degrees in a stepping way, and the rotation step length of each step is 55.84'; the driving of the compensation pendulum 2 is completed within 3ms and returns quickly to the-0.3102 ° position. The load of the swing mirror motor is 460g; the swing mirror driving motor adopts a piezoelectric tilting mirror device, the maximum deflection angle is 5mrad, the resolution is 0.25 mu rad, and the response frequency can reach 1.5KHz.
9ms is a period, and the linear motor control circuit can meet the following conditions: the slit 4 is scanned from-0.56 mm step by step to +0.56mm and is completed in 40 steps, and each step is 0.028mm; the drive slit 4 is completed in 3ms and quickly returns to-0.56 mm. The load of the linear motor was 200g. According to the design, a piezoelectric linear driver with large stroke and high driving force is selected as the linear motor; travel 10mm, resolution 1nm.
The long-wave infrared spectroscopic system 5 may employ an Offner convex grating spectrometer with a vertical axis magnification β=1.0;
the size of the spectrum surface 6 of the long-wave infrared hyperspectral imager is as follows: w (W) 2 ＝56mm，H 2 ＝1.12mm；
The line detector 7 adopts 2048×1 element line tellurium-cadmium-mercury focal plane devices, and the size is as follows: w (W) 3 ＝56mm，H 3 =28 μm; the size of a single pixel is as follows: 28 μm by 28. Mu.m.
The detector driving and information acquisition circuit satisfies: in the scanning process, the long-wave infrared spectrum information of the target in 40 wave bands is sequentially acquired.
The working process of the long-wave infrared spectrometer based on the line detector is as follows: as shown in FIG. 7, in imaging the target, the step scan of the slit 4 from-0.56 mm to +0.56mm is completed in 40 steps of 0.028mm each; the compensation angle of the corresponding compensation swinging mirror 2 is rotated from-0.3102 degrees to +0.3102 degrees in a stepping way, the rotation step length of each step is 55.84', and meanwhile, the line array detector 7 sequentially acquires 40 frames of spectral image data. Completion is within 3 ms: the slit 4 is quickly returned to-0.56 mm, the compensating swing mirror 2 is quickly returned to-0.3102 DEG position, and the acquisition of the spectral image of the next ground band is started. The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the invention is not intended to be limiting, but rather is intended to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and principles of the invention.
Claims (3)
1. The utility model provides a wide-width wide-spectrum long wave infrared hyperspectral imaging system based on line detector, includes telescope objective (1), compensation pendulum mirror (2), imaging lens (3), slit (4), long wave infrared beam splitting system (5), line detector (7), its characterized in that:
after converging light from a target through a telescopic objective lens (1), reflecting the light through a compensating swing lens (2), imaging the light on a slit (4) through an imaging lens (3), enabling radiant energy passing through the slit (4) to pass through a long-wave infrared light splitting system (5), performing spectral imaging on a line detector (7) positioned on a long-wave infrared spectrum focal plane (6), and obtaining image information by utilizing the line detector (7); the slit (4) moves up and down along the direction vertical to the slit to scan, the compensation swing mirror (2) performs synchronous rotation scanning, so that image planes of different spectrum wavelengths of the same target move up and down in sequence according to the size of the wavelength at the focal plane (6), and the line detector (7) acquires information of all spectrum channels of the wavelength in a time-sharing way.
2. An imaging method of a broad-width broad-spectrum long-wave infrared hyperspectral imaging system based on a line detector as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the long-wave infrared hyperspectral imaging system is carried on a motion platform (8) to image a target, and the specific imaging method is as follows:
the slit (4) is offset from the main optical axis (1-1) by a distance-Ln in a direction perpendicular to the slit max Is scanned in steps of N to a distance +Ln from the main optical axis (1-1) max Is synchronized from the angle-alpha n of the off-axis (1-2) to the compensating oscillating mirror (2) max Is rotated and scanned to an angle +alpha N deviating from the main axis (1-2) in N steps max The image planes of different spectrum wavelengths of the same target are sequentially moved from bottom to top in N steps according to the size of the wavelength at the focal plane (6) to obtain N pieces of continuous spectrum information, and the line detector (7) reads out photoelectric conversion signals of the continuous spectrum information, so that the line detector (7) can acquire the information of N spectrum channels in the whole long-wave infrared wavelength range of the target in a time-sharing way, wherein N is the spectrum number of the long-wave infrared hyperspectral imaging system;
after the linear array detector (7) acquires hyperspectral images of N channels of the whole long-wave infrared range of the target, the slit (4) is rapidly deviated from the main optical axis (1-1) by a distance +Ln max Returns to a position offset from the main optical axis (1-1) by a distance-Ln max Corresponding compensation oscillating mirror (2) is rapidly shifted from the angle +alpha n of the main axis of oscillation (1-2) max Is returned to a position offset from the main axis (1-2) by an angle-alpha n max To begin imaging the next object; repeating the steps to obtain the information of all wavelength spectrum channels of the required target imaging;
wherein the slit (4) moves up and down a distance L from the position of the main optical axis (1-1) n Angle alpha of rotation scanning with compensation oscillating mirror (2) n The following relationship is maintained throughout:
wherein v is L The motion speed of the slit (4), v is the overall operation speed of the motion platform (8), and h is the operation height of the motion platform (8); d (D) 1 The distance between the telescopic objective lens (1) and the compensating swing lens (2); d (D) 2 To compensate the distance between the swing mirror (2) and the slit (4).
3. The imaging method of the line detector-based broad-width broad-spectrum long-wave infrared hyperspectral imaging system, as set forth in claim 2, wherein: the slit (4) moves up and down within a maximum distance range + -Ln from the position of the main optical axis (1-1) max ，
Wherein H is 1 Is the height of a long-wave infrared spectrum focal plane (6), beta is the vertical axis magnification of a long-wave infrared spectrum system (5),
wherein H is 2 Is the height of the slit (4), H 3 Is the height of the line detector (7).
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| JP2011089895A (en) * | 2009-10-22 | 2011-05-06 | Arata Satori | Device and method of hyperspectral imaging |
| JP5632060B1 (en) * | 2013-10-07 | 2014-11-26 | 佐鳥 新 | Hyperspectral camera and hyperspectral camera program |
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