CN111623876B - Push-broom hyperspectral imaging system and method based on S matrix slit array - Google Patents
Push-broom hyperspectral imaging system and method based on S matrix slit array Download PDFInfo
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- CN111623876B CN111623876B CN202010623576.9A CN202010623576A CN111623876B CN 111623876 B CN111623876 B CN 111623876B CN 202010623576 A CN202010623576 A CN 202010623576A CN 111623876 B CN111623876 B CN 111623876B
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- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 70
- 238000000701 chemical imaging Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 230000033001 locomotion Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000013519 translation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 244000007853 Sarothamnus scoparius Species 0.000 claims 5
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 3
- 210000001747 pupil Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000003491 array Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012271 agricultural production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J3/00—Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
- G01J3/28—Investigating the spectrum
- G01J3/2823—Imaging spectrometer
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J3/00—Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
- G01J3/02—Details
- G01J3/0205—Optical elements not provided otherwise, e.g. optical manifolds, diffusers, windows
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J3/00—Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
- G01J3/02—Details
- G01J3/04—Slit arrangements slit adjustment
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
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Abstract
The invention discloses a push-broom hyperspectral imaging system and method based on an S matrix slit array. The S matrix slit array is fixed on a high-precision electric control displacement table, is placed on a primary focal plane of a main telescope, uses a field diaphragm to control coding width, accurately moves to realize full sampling of opposite field three-dimensional spectrum image signals, uses a field compensation mirror to eliminate motion blur in the coding process, and realizes acquisition of a spatial spectrum three-dimensional data cube through data processing. The method is used as a typical calculation imaging method, has no information loss problem, has the characteristic of high flux, is particularly suitable for a fast exposure imaging scene under weak light or limited by integration time, and can be carried on a platform with stable motion characteristics such as a satellite, an airplane and the like to develop hyperspectral remote sensing application.
Description
Technical field:
the invention discloses a push-broom hyperspectral imaging technical scheme with short exposure and high frame frequency under the condition of weak light, which adopts a computational imaging method, utilizes an S matrix slit array to realize full-period lossless sampling of a space surface view field three-dimensional map, uses a compensation mirror to eliminate motion blur in the encoding process, and then obtains hyperspectral three-dimensional map information through calculation and reconstruction. The system has the characteristic of high flux, and is particularly suitable for high-sensitivity hyperspectral imaging high-sensitivity detection application under the condition of weak illumination.
The background technology is as follows:
the hyperspectral imaging technology has great use value in various fields such as geological resource exploration, atmospheric environment protection, modern agricultural production and the like. In the field of aerospace hyperspectral imaging, the imaging system is generally divided into three types of shaking scanning type, push scanning type and staring type, and dispersion hyperspectral imaging based on the push scanning imaging system is a mainstream technical scheme at present. The technology jointly realizes the acquisition of the three-dimensional map information of the target by the movement of a two-dimensional area array detector and a one-dimensional platform, the two-dimensional area array detector acquires the two-dimensional information of one dimension (line view field) of the space of the target scene and one dimension of the spectrum by single exposure, and the other one dimension information of the space is realized by the movement of an airplane or a satellite.
In a push-broom imaging spectrum system, the spatial resolution is determined by two aspects, the vertical direction is determined by the size of a detector pixel, the horizontal direction is determined by the width of a slit, if an image with high spatial resolution is required to be obtained, the width of the slit is reduced, and the reduction of the width can lead to insufficient luminous flux of the system, thereby influencing the signal to noise ratio of the system; on the other hand, the energy distribution of the solar spectrum has a large difference between the visible light and the short wave band, and compared with the energy near 650nm of the visible light, the energy of the short wave band with the wavelength more than 2000nm is reduced by about ten times. The conventional method solves the problem of insufficient luminous flux by increasing the integration time, which results in a limited frame rate at a large integration time.
Aiming at the problem that the luminous flux of a short wave infrared push-broom hyperspectral imaging system is insufficient, and particularly the problem that the signal-to-noise ratio is difficult to improve after 2000nm, the invention provides a method based on computational imaging.
The invention comprises the following steps:
the invention provides a high-sensitivity hyperspectral imaging method capable of realizing weak illumination, which utilizes an S matrix slit array to realize high flux by mixed exposure, and realizes noise suppression by means of a weighing measurement principle, thus being an effective technical means for realizing high signal-to-noise ratio spectral imaging under the weak signal condition.
The system comprises a telescope 1, an S matrix slit array 2, a field diaphragm 3, a high-precision electric control displacement table 4, a spectrometer component 5, a field compensation mirror 6 and a data processing module 7. The S-matrix slit array 2 is fixed on the high-precision electric control displacement table 4, the S-matrix slit array 2 and the high-precision electric control displacement table are placed at the focal plane behind the telescope 1 together, and the high-precision electric control displacement table 4 controls the horizontal movement of the S-matrix slit array 2; the moving direction of the high-precision electric control displacement table 4 is strictly parallel to the dispersion direction of the spectrometer component 5, the stepping distance of each time is the width of one slit, and the S matrix is formed by combination of N steps; the view field diaphragm 3 is placed behind the S matrix slit array 2, and the adjustment ensures that the view field diaphragm 3 is located on a focal plane which is as close to the telescope 1 as possible, and the plane of the S matrix slit array 2 is parallel to the plane of the view field diaphragm 3; the spectrometer component 5 is placed behind the view field diaphragm 3, and light passing through the view field diaphragm 3 is finely split and spatial spectrum aliasing data are acquired; the field compensation mirror 6 is added in front of the telescope 1 to perform field compensation to eliminate motion blur; the motion mode of the field compensation mirror 6 is a stepping mode, and the stepping speed is determined by the platform moving speed and the coding order; the data processing module 7 performs decoding operation on the acquired spatial spectrum aliasing data to complete the reconstruction process and obtain a three-dimensional light field signal.
The S matrix is a full order matrix generated by quadratic residue polynomial rule, and the whole matrix is composed of 0 and 1, and is characterized in that any row S of the S matrix n All by the first row s of the matrix 1 Cyclic shift is obtained. The matrix used here is assumed to be an N-order S matrix, and the code plate is composed of a set of slit arrays, each of which has the same width and is arranged on the code plate according to the position of "1" in the first row of the S matrix. In order to achieve a post-translational encoding effect,two identical slit arrays are arranged on the coding plate without interval, the S-matrix slit array 2 replaces the original single slit, and the S-matrix slit array 2 is finely adjusted by an optical correction method so as to ensure that the plane of the S-matrix slit array 2 is in the same plane with the focal plane of the telescope head 1.
Further, the field stop 3 is used to ensure that only slits with a width (n×unit slit width) participate in the encoding during the movement of the S-matrix slit array 2. The effect of the array slit is in fact a spatial modulation of the light, by means of the principle of weighing measurement in mathematics, i.e. multiple combined measurement acquisitions, the final decoding recovering the whole information without loss. The spatially modulated multipath optical signals enter the spectrometer assembly 5, a spatial and spectral mixed signal is formed on the detector, and the signals are collected by the detector in the spectrometer assembly 5 and transmitted to the data processing module. Therefore, in the process of acquisition, only signals participating in coding (in the field diaphragm 3) pass through the light splitting system, and other signals are noise introduced by the system, so that the method of placing the diaphragm after sampling the coding plate limits the noise light signals to enter the spectral imaging system. In theory, the aperture should be placed at the same location as the code plate, but it is not possible to place two devices at the same location, so the field aperture 3 should be as close as possible to the S-matrix code array 2 to minimize errors.
Further, the field compensation mirror 6 is used for motion compensation of the system. Using an S-matrix coded array hyperspectral imaging scheme, each measurement period is N exposure times. The N exposures require motion compensation by adding a field compensation mirror 6 in front of the lens to ensure that the target is unchanged during the exposure time.
Further, the data processing module 7 recalculates the acquired data to restore the three-dimensional hyperspectral data cube of the target. Specifically, the single pixel of the detector acquires the information of spatial and spectral aliasing, and the S matrix is a full-order matrix, so that the full sampling of the spatial spectrum information can be ensured through N times of sampling. Assuming that the signal is Q,q represents different spaces in the system, differentInter-spectrum spectral signal->Representing the coded value
Wherein w= { W 1 ,w 2 ,w 3 ,…,w n I.e. an aliased signal on the detector, can be expressed as:
W＝S*Q
from the S-code matrix properties, the matrix satisfies the reversible properties, so the original signal can be calculated from the matrix
Q＝S- 1 *W
Meanwhile, the S matrix can effectively inhibit noise, and the noise of the signal is assumed to be N= { e 1 ,e 2 ,e 3 ,…,e n Variance =σ }, variance 2 Then
At this time, if the signal acquisition is performed by using the conventional imaging manner, the signal to noise ratio is:
in a weighing measurement experiment, the signal variance is reduced to:
here S is an n x n full order matrix, so using coded slit spectral imaging, the signal to noise ratio is:
the experiment uses a coding matrix of S 19*19 And (3) calculating:
this shows that when the matrix size is 19×19, the signal-to-noise ratio is improved as follows:
the implementation of weak signal hyperspectral imaging using an S-matrix slit array has thus proven to be an effective way of imaging with high signal-to-noise ratio.
The scheme is based on the existing push-broom hyperspectral imaging, uses an S matrix slit array to replace a single slit, uses a field-of-view compensation mirror to perform motion compensation, realizes full sampling through continuous transformation coding, is a typical calculation imaging method, has no information loss problem, has the characteristic of high flux, and is particularly suitable for a fast exposure imaging scene under weak light or limited by integration time. The hyperspectral remote sensing device can be carried on a platform with stable motion characteristics such as a satellite, an airplane and the like to develop hyperspectral remote sensing application.
Description of the drawings:
fig. 1 is a schematic block diagram of a hyperspectral imaging system based on S-matrix slits.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the field of view compensation mirror in combination with motion compensation.
Fig. 3 illustrates a schematic diagram of the S-matrix coding effect (n=19 for example) implemented by the translation of the coding plate.
The method of fig. 4 is implemented and designed in a high-resolution high-flux short-wave infrared hyperspectral imaging system.
The specific embodiment is as follows:
the foregoing description is only a summary of the technical solutions of the present invention, and in order to make the technical means of the present solution more clearly understood, and may be implemented according to the description of the specification, a detailed description of one specific example applicable to the present solution is given below. According to the invention, the embodiment constructs a set of high-resolution short-wave infrared hyperspectral imaging system based on S matrix array slits, and the main technical indexes of the instrument are as follows:
spectral range: 0.9-2.5 mu m;
spectral resolution: 20nm;
number of spectral bands: 80;
spatial resolution: 8.7m@500Km;
angle of view: 0.46 DEG X0.192 DEG
The specific parameters and designs of the various parts are as follows:
telescope:the coaxial two-reflection plus correction mirror is in a configuration, the primary mirror and the secondary mirror are hyperboloids, the focal length is 1725mm, the diameter of an entrance pupil is 300mm, the coverage of an angle of view is +/-0.46 degrees +/-0.33 degrees, and the wavelength meets the imaging requirement of a short wave infrared channel of 0.9-2.5 mu m;
s matrix slit array:the method is characterized in that a chromium plating glass slit array mask plate manufactured by a photoetching technology is adopted, as described above, a 256-order S matrix is generated by software calculation, and slits are arranged on the mask plate according to the first row of the S matrix; a diaphragm: the specification of the aperture period is smaller than that of the coding plate, and a rectangular window with the width of 256 x 30 mu m and the length of 14mm is arranged at the middle position;
spectrometer assembly:the design of matching the entrance pupil of the spectrometer with the telescope exit pupil has the overall configuration of a transmission type collimating lens group, a prism and a transmission type focusing lens group, and the spatial magnification is that1:1, the spectrum sampling is 20nm according to the 30 μm corresponding spectrum of the detector pixel, and the spectrum is covered by 0.9-2.5 μm corresponding to 80 imaging spectrum sections. The spectrum distortion Smile is less than 3.5 mu m, and Keystone is less than 4.6 mu m;
a field compensation mirror:the view field compensation mirror is a sweeping swing mirror and consists of a gold-plated reflecting mirror and a motor, wherein a supporting rod is connected between the reflecting mirror and the motor, and the angular speed is controlled by an upper computer.
The detector comprises:the MCT short wave infrared focal plane component manufactured by Sofrdir company in France has an area array scale of 500 multiplied by 256, a pixel size of delta=30μm, an operating spectrum range of 1000-2500 nm and a maximum frame frequency f=300 Hz.1
High-precision translation stage:the PI company V-408 type linear motor is used, the maximum moving speed can reach 1.1m/s, and the displacement precision is +/-0.1 mu m.
The data acquisition process comprises the following steps:
setting proper exposure time for a target scene, and ensuring that signals are unsaturated in the acquisition process;
setting the translation speed of a high-precision electric displacement table to be 30 um/exposure time;
mediating the code board to an initial position (code board matrix initial position);
setting a view field compensation mirror to reversely move and compensate scene information in one acquisition period;
start acquisition and initiate data processingThe system obtains spectral imaging data.
The collected data are combined into a data cube, the dispersion direction is recorded as an x axis, the line visual field direction is recorded as a y axis, and the collection times are recorded as a z axis. Taking a plane perpendicular to the y axis, wherein the plane is the one-dimensional space information and the one-dimensional spectrum information acquired under different codes. Decoding according to the instruction requirement, obtaining the misplaced original image information, similar to the process of restoring other plane signals of the y axis, and then splicing according to the wave bands to obtain the original image.
Claims (5)
1. The utility model provides a push broom formula hyperspectral imaging system based on S matrix slit array, includes telescope (1), S matrix slit array (2), visual field diaphragm (3), high accuracy automatically controlled displacement platform (4), spectrum appearance subassembly (5), visual field compensation mirror (6) and data processing module (7), its characterized in that:
the S-matrix slit array (2) is placed at the focal plane position of the telescope (1), is fixed on the high-precision electric control displacement table (4), and is driven by the high-precision electric control displacement table (4) to horizontally move; a field diaphragm (3) is arranged between the S matrix slit array (2) and the spectrometer component (5) and is close to the S matrix slit array (2); the spectrometer component (5) is placed behind the view field diaphragm (3), finely splits light and collects spatial spectrum aliasing data; the field compensation of the telescope (1) is realized by adding a field compensation mirror (6), the motion mode of the field compensation mirror (6) is a stepping mode, and the stepping speed is determined by the moving speed of the high-precision electric control displacement table (4) and the order of the coding S matrix; and the data processing module (7) performs decoding operation on the acquired spatial spectrum aliasing data to complete the reconstruction process and obtain a three-dimensional light field signal.
2. A push broom hyperspectral imaging system based on an S-matrix slit array as claimed in claim 1 wherein:
the S matrix slit array (2) is a slit coding plate generated by an S matrix, and the cyclic coding property is met; the S matrix is generated according to a secondary remainder method, the arrangement sequence of the slits of the S matrix slit array (2) is determined by the first row of the matrix, the two are arranged continuously and without interval, and the two-dimensional coding effect is realized through the translation of the S matrix slit array (2).
3. A push broom hyperspectral imaging system based on an S-matrix slit array as claimed in claim 1 wherein:
the field stop (3) width is determined by the order of the code S matrix, i.e. stop width = matrix order x slit width.
4. A push broom hyperspectral imaging system based on an S-matrix slit array as claimed in claim 1 wherein:
the visual field compensation mirror (6) reversely rotates when the push-broom system moves, the rotating angular speed is determined according to the object image distance and the moving speed of the high-precision electric control displacement table (4), if the moving speed is vm/s, the distance between the mirror surface and the imaging target is Lm, and the visual field compensation mirror (6) rotates to be R, then
5. A method for processing spectral data based on a push broom hyperspectral imaging system based on an S-matrix slit array according to claim 1, characterized in that the method comprises the following steps:
inputting the obtained full-sampling aliasing spectrum data into a data processing module, performing matrix inverse operation according to the characteristic of reversibility of a full-order matrix, calculating to obtain different space and spectrum information values of original signals, and then splicing the original signals corresponding to the images according to different wave bands to generate a high signal-to-noise ratio spectrum image;
specifically, the single pixel of the detector acquires the information of spatial and spectral aliasing, and the S matrix is a full-order matrix, so that the full sampling of the spatial spectrum information can be ensured through N times of sampling; let the signal be Q, q= { Q 1 ,q 2 ,q 3 ,q n Q represents different spaces in the system, spectral signals between different spectrums, s= { S 1 ,s 2 ,s 3 ,s n And represents the encoded value
Wherein w= { W 1 ,w 2 ,w 3 ,,w n I.e. an aliased signal on the detector, can be expressed as:
W＝S*Q
from the S-code matrix properties, the matrix satisfies the reversible properties, so the original signal can be calculated from the matrix
Q＝S -1 *W
Q is an original signal with space spectrum dislocation, actual original data can be obtained through simple data splicing, the space is a vertical line view field one-dimensional space and a corresponding spectrum information acquisition process, and information acquisition and calculation methods between line view fields are mutually independent, so that parallel acquisition and calculation can be realized.
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