CN214793490U - Shortwave infrared hyperspectral video imaging system based on S matrix slit array - Google Patents
Shortwave infrared hyperspectral video imaging system based on S matrix slit array Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The patent discloses a shortwave infrared high spectrum video imaging system based on S matrix slit array, the system includes telescope, S matrix slit array, field of view diaphragm, the automatically controlled displacement platform of high accuracy, spectrum appearance subassembly and data processing module. Fixing the S matrix slit array on a high-precision electric control displacement table, and placing the S matrix slit array on a primary focal plane of a telescope; the field diaphragm is placed behind the S matrix slit array, the high-precision electric control displacement table translates to drive the S matrix slit array to realize transform coding, signals are generated to trigger synchronous exposure, and three-dimensional hyperspectral data are reconstructed through the data processing module. On the basis of the existing single-slit dispersion type hyperspectral imaging, the S matrix slit array is used for replacing a single slit, the luminous flux of a system is improved, the problem that the integration time and the frame frequency are restricted mutually is solved, the video imaging effect is realized, and the method can be used for detecting the real-time high sensitivity of a dynamic target.
Description
The technical field is as follows:
the patent discloses a shortwave infrared hyperspectral video imaging system based on S matrix slit array. As a typical application of hyperspectral computational imaging, the scheme improves the luminous flux of a system by using the S matrix slit array instead of a single slit, solves the problem of insufficient integration time under the condition of high-speed exposure, thereby realizing the rapid three-dimensional imaging of a target and being suitable for a use scene with higher requirements on imaging instantaneity.
Background art:
the hyperspectral imaging technology has great use value in multiple fields of geological resource exploration, atmospheric environment protection, modern agricultural production and the like. In the field of aerospace hyperspectral imaging, imaging systems of the aerospace hyperspectral imaging are generally divided into a pan type imaging, a push-broom type imaging and a staring type imaging, and at present, dispersive hyperspectral imaging based on the push-broom imaging is a mainstream technical scheme. In the technology, a two-dimensional area array detector and a one-dimensional platform move together to achieve acquisition of three-dimensional map information of a target, the two-dimensional area array detector obtains one-dimensional (linear view field) and one-dimensional spectral information of a target scene through single exposure, and the other one-dimensional spatial information is achieved through movement of an airplane or a satellite, so that the spectral imaging time is too long, and the imaging efficiency is low. The snapshot type spectral imaging reconstructs or restores a data cube of a target by means of a novel optical device or a calculation optical imaging mode through one-time or quick exposure imaging of a target area, greatly improves the timeliness of the spectral imaging, can realize 'spectral video imaging' of the target area through multiple times of quick exposure imaging, expands the application scene of a hyperspectral imaging technology, and has wide application prospects in the fields of environment monitoring, moving target identification, space target observation and the like.
In the field of quantitative application, the hyperspectral remote sensing imaging needs to ensure that information is not lost, and the snapshot-type hyperspectral imaging needs to be established on the basis that the information is not lost. Based on this, if fast spectral imaging of an observation target is realized, an effective method is to increase the imaging frame frequency. In the earth observation, the energy of the short-wave infrared spectrum is weak (compared with the energy near the visible light 650nm, the energy of the short-wave band spectrum with the wavelength of more than 2000nm is reduced by about ten times), so the traditional short-wave band data acquisition needs to increase the integration time to obtain a sufficient signal-to-noise ratio. In the snapshot hyperspectral imaging system, a high frame rate is required, but the frame rate and the integration time are mutually restricted, which means that the integration time of each frame cannot be increased infinitely. This patent array slit spectral imaging system based on S matrix can effectively improve luminous flux, under the prerequisite that guarantees the same imaging effect of SNR, required integration time reduces greatly to satisfy the requirement of the high frame frequency of snapshot-type video spectral imaging.
The invention content is as follows:
this patent realizes a shortwave infrared high spectral video imaging system base based on S matrix slit array, utilizes S matrix array slit 2 to realize multiple route visual field simultaneous exposure, obtains multiple route visual field spectrum superimposed signal and on the detector of spectrum appearance subassembly 5, increases the energy value of light signal from this, can obtain higher SNR under less integration time, is favorable to improving the frame frequency and realizes video spectrum formation of image.
What this patent described is a high spectral imaging system of high luminous flux, high sensitivity, and the system includes telescope 1, S matrix slit array 2, field of view diaphragm 3, high accuracy automatically controlled displacement platform 4, spectrum appearance subassembly 5 and data processing module 6. The S matrix slit array 2 is placed on the back focal plane of the telescope 1, the position of the S matrix slit array 2 is adjusted to ensure that the S matrix slit array is close to the focal plane of the telescope 1 as much as possible, and the slits in the S matrix slit array 2 are strictly vertical to the dispersion direction of the spectrometer. The field diaphragm 3 is positioned between the S matrix slit array 2 and the spectrometer component 5 and is used for limiting the number of slits participating in coding in the S matrix slit array 2; the spectrometer component 5 is arranged behind the field diaphragm 3 and comprises a light splitter and a detector, wherein the detector is used for collecting aliasing spectrum signals which are subjected to spatial modulation by the S matrix slit array 2 and split by the light splitter; the S matrix slit array 2 is fixed on a high-precision electric control displacement table 4, the translation direction of the S matrix slit array is strictly consistent with the dispersion direction, position information needs to be fed back in real time in the movement process, a synchronous TTL signal is generated and sent to a detector to trigger exposure, the detector obtains space and spectrum aliasing data, and then the space and spectrum aliasing data are decoded through a data processing module 6 to restore original light field space spectrum three-dimensional data.
Furthermore, the high-precision electric control displacement table 4 is a one-dimensional moving part with high positioning precision, and the precision is at least better than 5% of the slit width in engineering application; it can provide TTL pulse signals at any absolute position that trigger a synchronous exposure to the detector modules of the spectrometer assembly 5. The position of the high-precision electric control displacement table 4 is adjusted to enable the edge of the S matrix slit array 2 to coincide with the edge of the field diaphragm 3. The high-precision electric control displacement platform 4 generates a TTL pulse signal every 30 micrometers when moving, and the signal is input to an external trigger interface of the detector, so that the exposure of the detector is precisely matched with the movement of the displacement platform. The integration time is adjusted before data acquisition, and compared with hyperspectral imaging of a single slit, the integration time of the S matrix is 2/N of the original integration time theoretically. Without the limitation of integration time, the speed of data acquisition is determined by the motion speed of the translation stage and the frame rate of the detector. Assuming that the moving speed of the translation stage is v μm/s, the frame frequency of the detector is f, the order of the encoding moment is n, the width of the slit is a μm micrometer, and the frame frequency of the system three-dimensional data imaging is C, then:
that is, in functional implementation, the frame rate of the final data cube is determined by the smaller of the detector frame rate and the translation stage velocity.
Further, the spectrometer assembly 5 comprises a beam splitter and a detector, wherein the beam splitter is a surface field combined beam splitter, the dispersion coefficients of the beam splitter can be kept consistent in a surface space, and the width of the surface field is larger than that of the field diaphragm 3. The detector is a planar array optical sensor with controllable integration time and frame frequency, the detector is a refrigeration type InGaAs short-wave infrared detector, the exposure mode of the detector is set to be an external trigger mode, and the synchronous signals come from synchronous signals generated by the high-precision electronic control displacement table 4. The signal is marked as a, the length of a is M, the number of spectral bands is N, after light splitting, the detector obtains acquisition data b with the length of M + N-1, and single points in b are light intensity superposed on the corresponding detector pixel position after light splitting of the signal penetrating through the slit. And moving the S matrix slit array 2 to change the codes, and acquiring different combination values of the same space and spectrum of the scene by the detector.
Further, the data processing module 6 is specifically a high-speed matrix data operation module, the spectrometer component 5 can obtain all spatial and spectral three-dimensional data of a field of view in one acquisition cycle, the data is acquired by mixing multiple slit channels, and the inverse operation of the matrix is required for decoding. Because the encoding mode is one-dimensional encoding, one-dimensional signals vertical to the linear field of view in the field of view are selected (each dimension of signal encoding is independent). In fact, the module 6 is a real-time matrix calculation module, which inputs the acquired aliasing data into the data processing module, which calculates the original signal from the aliasing data according to the corresponding coding matrix, and then calculates the original signal from the aliasing data according to the corresponding coding matrixAnd splicing the corresponding original signals of the images according to different wave bands to generate a hyperspectral image. Specifically, the single pixel of the detector collects the aliasing information of space and spectrum, the generated S matrix is recorded as S, the order is n, S is a full-rank matrix consisting of '0 and 1', and the nth row is recorded as SnI.e. by
And (4) representing the coded value, and ensuring that all the spatial spectrum information is acquired after n times of sampling. Assume that the imaging target is q, q ═ q,1q,2q,3..,qn) Wherein q is1,q2,q3,...,qnA gray dn (datanumber) value, w ═ w, representing the target signal1,w2,w3,…,wn]， w1,w2,w3,…,wnFor the value of the mixed superimposed signal DN obtained on the detector and encoded by the S matrix, then:
namely, it is
w＝qS
As can be seen from the properties of the S-code matrix, the matrix satisfies the invertible property, so that the original signal DN can be calculated from the matrix as
Wherein S is-1Is the inverse of the matrix of S,
the original signal, which is spatially misaligned, without accounting for imaging errors,
the actual original data can be obtained through simple data splicing, which is the process of acquiring the one-dimensional space of the vertical line visual field and the corresponding spectral information,the acquisition and calculation methods of the information between the line fields are independent, so that the parallel acquisition and calculation can be realized.
The advantages of the S matrix slot array implemented as described above are as follows:
the increase of the luminous flux of the system enables the imaging speed of the three-dimensional data cube to be free from the limitation of the integration time, so that the video hyperspectral imaging with high signal-to-noise ratio can be realized.
The S matrix coding measurement realized by the weighing principle can effectively inhibit system white noise, and through testing, the signal-to-noise ratio of the system can be effectively improved in a scene with insufficient luminous flux (low-light illumination) by a prototype designed according to the method.
Description of the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic block diagram of a short-wave infrared hyperspectral video imaging system based on an S matrix slit array.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the S-matrix encoding effect achieved by translating the encoding board (taking N ═ 19 as an example).
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
the above description is only an outline of the technical solution of the patent method, and in order to more clearly illustrate the technical means of the present solution and to be implemented according to the description of the specification, a specific example suitable for the present solution is given below. According to the invention, a set of high-resolution shortwave infrared hyperspectral video imaging system based on an S matrix array slit is constructed, and the main technical indexes of the instrument are as follows:
The specific parameters and design of each part are as follows:
the telescope 1: the focal length of a system telescope is 50mm, f is 2.0, and the wavelength meets the imaging requirement of a short-wave infrared channel of 0.9-2.5 mu m;
s matrix slit array 2: the chrome-plated glass slit array mask is manufactured by a photoetching technology, as mentioned above, 19-order S matrixes are generated by software calculation, and slits are arranged on the mask according to the first row of the S matrixes;
field diaphragm 3: the specification during the diaphragm is the same as that of the coding plate, and the placing width of the middle position is wide: 19 x 30 μm, length: a 14mm rectangular window;
high-precision translation stage 4: the maximum moving speed can reach 1.1m/s by using a linear motor, and the displacement precision is +/-1 mu m.
Spectrometer assembly 5: is a SWIR high spectral dispersion element of SpeCIM company of Finland, and has spectral response of 900nm-2500 nm; the spatial magnification is 1:1, the spectral sampling is 12nm corresponding to the pixel 30 μm of the detector, the spectral distortion Smile is less than 5 μm corresponding to 115 imaging spectral bands, and the Keystone is less than 5 μm; the Efficiency is more than 50%, and the optical elements are added to realize the non-differential light splitting of the surface view field; the detector is an XEVA-2.35-320 compact short-wave infrared camera, the spectral response range is 0.85-2.35 μm, the resolution of the camera is 320 x 256, the pixel size is 30 μm, and the maximum frame frequency f is 300 Hz.
In the data acquisition process, in order to verify the feasibility of the scheme, the order of the S matrix is actually designed to be 19 orders, namely the imaging size is 19 multiplied by 256 multiplied by 119, and the data acquisition steps are as follows:
1, setting proper integration time aiming at a target scene to ensure that signals are not saturated in the acquisition process;
2, setting the translation speed of the high-precision electric displacement table to be 300 × 30-9 mm/s;
3, adjusting the coding plate to an initial position (a starting position of a coding plate matrix);
and 4, starting acquisition and starting a data processing system to obtain spectral imaging data.
And 5, in the data acquisition process, starting a data processing module to calculate an original signal, and finally realizing a 15Cube/s imaging index.
Claims (3)
1. The utility model provides an infrared high spectral video imaging system of shortwave based on S matrix slit array, includes telescope (1), S matrix slit array (2), field of view diaphragm (3), the automatically controlled displacement platform of high accuracy (4), spectrum appearance subassembly (5) and data processing module (6), its characterized in that:
the S matrix slit array (2) is positioned at the focal plane position of the telescope (1); the field diaphragm (3) is positioned between the S matrix slit array (2) and the spectrometer assembly (5) and is used for limiting the number of slits participating in coding in the S matrix slit array (2); the spectrometer component (5) is arranged behind the field diaphragm (3) and comprises a light splitter and a detector, wherein the light splitter consists of a prism and a lens group, and the detector is used for collecting aliasing spectrum signals which are subjected to spatial modulation by the S matrix slit array (2) and split by the light splitter; the high-precision electric control displacement platform (4) is used for moving the S matrix slit array (2), position information needs to be fed back in real time in the motion process, and a synchronous TTL signal is generated to control the detector to trigger exposure; and the data processing module (6) unmixes the acquired aliasing data to obtain a three-dimensional light field signal.
2. The shortwave infrared hyperspectral video imaging system based on the S matrix slit array as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the high-precision electric control displacement platform (4) is a one-dimensional motion motor with accurate and controllable absolute position, the positioning precision of the motor is superior to 5% of the pixel width, and TTL synchronous signals are generated at any absolute position of motion.
3. The shortwave infrared hyperspectral video imaging system based on the S matrix slit array as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the spectrometer assembly (5) comprises a light splitter and a detector, wherein the light splitter is a surface field spectrometer combined device capable of keeping dispersion coefficients consistent in a surface space, and the width of a surface field is larger than that of the field diaphragm (3); the detector is an area array optical sensor with controllable integration time and frame frequency, the exposure mode of the detector is an external trigger mode, and external signals come from synchronous signals generated by the high-precision electric control displacement table (4).
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