CN107436194A - A kind of high light flux real time spectrum imaging device - Google Patents
A kind of high light flux real time spectrum imaging device Download PDFInfo
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- CN107436194A CN107436194A CN201710478323.5A CN201710478323A CN107436194A CN 107436194 A CN107436194 A CN 107436194A CN 201710478323 A CN201710478323 A CN 201710478323A CN 107436194 A CN107436194 A CN 107436194A
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- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 230000005693 optoelectronics Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000000701 chemical imaging Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000000411 transmission spectrum Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003491 array Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000011514 reflex Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004611 spectroscopical analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002123 temporal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J3/00—Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
- G01J3/28—Investigating the spectrum
- G01J3/2823—Imaging spectrometer
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J3/00—Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
- G01J3/02—Details
- G01J3/0205—Optical elements not provided otherwise, e.g. optical manifolds, diffusers, windows
- G01J3/0208—Optical elements not provided otherwise, e.g. optical manifolds, diffusers, windows using focussing or collimating elements, e.g. lenses or mirrors; performing aberration correction
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J3/00—Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
- G01J3/02—Details
- G01J3/0205—Optical elements not provided otherwise, e.g. optical manifolds, diffusers, windows
- G01J3/0243—Optical elements not provided otherwise, e.g. optical manifolds, diffusers, windows having a through-hole enabling the optical element to fulfil an additional optical function, e.g. a mirror or grating having a throughhole for a light collecting or light injecting optical fiber
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J3/00—Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
- G01J3/28—Investigating the spectrum
- G01J3/2803—Investigating the spectrum using photoelectric array detector
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- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Spectrometry And Color Measurement (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of high light flux real time spectrum imaging device, belongs to calculating shooting and learns technical field.Including：Image-forming objective lens (2), transmissive diffraction grating (3), relay lens (4), microlens array (5), ccd detector (6)；Image-forming objective lens are used for the target imaging to be obtained；Grating is used to carry out dispersion to spectral information；Relay lens is used for the light after dispersion to front transfer；Microlens array is formed by cylindrical microlenses arrangement, and cylindrical microlenses can carry out one-dimensional shaping to light beam, the light of phase co-wavelength in some space part is focused on same pixel；Ccd detector is used to carry out photosensitive and opto-electronic conversion to optical signal；The image planes of image-forming objective lens are overlapped with grating planar, and microlens array is placed in the image planes of relay lens, and the image planes of microlens array overlap with ccd detector plane.Prior art is contrasted, not only real-time is good by the present invention, and the quality of spectrum picture is improved due to reducing the loss of optical signal in the optical path.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of spectral imaging technology, and in particular to a kind of high light flux real time spectrum imaging device, belongs to
Calculate shooting and learn technical field.
Background technology
Spectral imaging technology is a kind of imaging that can obtain object space information characteristics and continuous spectrum information characteristics simultaneously
Technology, it obtain image generally comprise it is tens of arrive hundreds of wave bands, spectral resolution is far above conventional color image.Based on light
Spectral imaging technology can disclose the essence of different material from spectral Dimensions, therefore have in many dual-use fields huge
Application prospect.
Traditional spectral imaging apparatus generally uses sequence scanning technology, and core concept is by sacrificing time and space point
Resolution exchanges spectral information for, realizes performance boost of the spectra collection in spectral Dimensions.Sweep type spectrum imaging device uses
Simple scan, the mode of linear array detection, reflex to detector, every time only to a picture using swingable reflective mirror by scene light
Vegetarian refreshments carries out spectra collection；The scanning direction of reflective mirror is vertical with the direction of advance of the aircraft of loading device, successively gathers field
The spectral information of scape Zone Full.
The mode that push-broom type spectrometer is detected using slit scan, face battle array, designs suitable slit and make it that detector is each
Only receive the optical information of certain a line in scene, the direction of advance of aircraft of the detector direction used with carrying the instrument is hung down
Directly, by pushing ahead the instrument, the purpose for covering whole scene is reached.
The spectral information that spectral scan formula spectrometer is currently obtained by bandpass filter rotation selection, by three-dimensional spectrogram
It is acquired as splitting into single bands of a spectrum gray level image, so as to obtain the scene information of current spectrum band.
The problem of above-mentioned three kinds of transmission spectra imaging techniques, is to have ignored existing auto-correlation between multidimensional spectral information
Property, the method for sequence scanning can not be applied to dynamic scene, and device moving component is difficult to remain stable over, therefore spectrum is believed
Cease precision susceptible.In addition, the design of bandpass filter causes luminous flux to reduce, the luminous flux brought along with dispersion element
Loss so that the photosignal finally obtained on detector is weaker.Solves the problems, such as dim light electric signal, a kind of method is increase
The area of pixel, but the spatial resolution of device can be reduced；Another method is the increase time for exposure, but can reduce device
Temporal resolution, while be also easily affected by noise.Therefore, the above method can not realize high light flux and reality simultaneously
When gather.
In actual applications, also there is the problem of following in transmission spectra imaging technique：It is close that spatial resolution relies on sensor
Degree, hardware involve great expense；Scan data volume is big, and sampling efficiency is low；Device is difficult to minimize, lightness etc..These problems have
Treat further solve.
The content of the invention
The purpose of the present invention be for spectral Dimensions information loss is larger in the prior art and the shortcomings that can not obtaining in real time,
It is proposed a kind of high light flux real time spectrum imaging device, there is provided a kind of need single exposure and without using bandpass filter into
Image space method, there is simple step, Stability Analysis of Structures, do not need expensive device, suitable for several scenes, and certain noise be present
In the case of the advantages of still keeping acquisition precision.
In order to reach object above, the present invention uses following technical scheme：
A kind of high light flux real time spectrum imaging device disclosed by the invention, the optics used include：Image-forming objective lens,
Transmissive diffraction grating, relay lens, microlens array, ccd detector；
Image-forming objective lens are used for the target imaging to be obtained；
Transmissive diffraction grating is used to carry out the spectral information of image-forming objective lens imaging dispersion, and light beam dispersion is composed into continuous
Band；Its position is in the image planes of image-forming objective lens；
Relay lens is used to be passed forward to required position by the light after transmissive diffraction grating dispersion is lossless on axis
Put；
Microlens array is used to assemble incident light, concentrated later from phase co-wavelength in original scene some space part
Light be focused on same pixel；It is formed by the cylindrical lens arrangement that yardstick is small, integrated level is high；Cylindrical lens can be right
Light beam carries out one-dimensional shaping；The shape of each cylindrical lens and position have good uniformity；
Ccd detector is used to carry out photosensitive and opto-electronic conversion to optical signal, is then transferred to computer；Its position is micro-
In the image planes of lens array；
Annexation：
The image planes of image-forming objective lens overlap with the grating planar of transmissive diffraction grating, and microlens array is placed on relay lens
Image planes on, the image planes of microlens array overlap with ccd detector plane.
Beneficial effect：
1st, the existing spectral imaging technology based on sequence scanning, is often required for multiexposure, multiple exposure, using dot matrix or face battle array
Go to gather spectral information, greatly have lost time and spatial resolution；A kind of high light flux real time spectrum disclosed by the invention
Imaging device, it is only necessary to which single exposure can be imaged, and drastically increase the stability of system, also be provided for shooting dynamic scene
Possibility.
2nd, the complex optical path design used compared to transmission spectra imaging technique, a kind of high light flux disclosed by the invention are real-time
Optical spectrum imaging device, light path are simple, it is not necessary to expensive hardware device, possibility are provided for lightness from now on, miniaturization.
3rd, compared to the design that the spectral coverage into the light of imaging device is selected using bandpass filter, one kind disclosed by the invention
High light flux real time spectrum imaging device, the spectral information of all spectral coverages can be disposably obtained, reduces optical signal in light path
In loss.The light path design of high light flux so that the photosignal intensity that detector collects greatly improves, to spectrum picture
Quality serve optimization function.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is a kind of structural representation of high light flux real time spectrum imaging device of the embodiment of the present invention.
Accompanying drawing identifies：1- original scenes, 2- image-forming objective lens, 3- transmissive diffraction gratings, 4- relay lens, 5- lenticule battle arrays
Row, 6-CCD detectors.
Embodiment
In order to which objects and advantages of the present invention are better described, the content of the invention is done further with example below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings
Explanation.
Embodiment 1：
A kind of optical spectrum imaging device based on microlens array disclosed by the invention, it forms structure as shown in Figure 1, bag
Include image-forming objective lens 2, transmissive diffraction grating 3, relay lens 4, microlens array 5 and ccd detector 6.
In accompanying drawing 1, original scene 1 is not a part for optical spectrum imaging device, simply the acquisition target of optical spectrum imaging device.
Optical spectrum imaging device is mainly spectral dispersion, lenticule polymerization and detector integration three phases.Light from original scene 1 enters
After entering device as shown in Figure 1, an image-forming objective lens 2 are first passed around, a transmission-type is then placed in the image planes of object lens 2 and is spread out
Grating 3 is penetrated, for carrying out dispersion to spectral information, into continuous bands of a spectrum, the light after dispersion is transmitted by relay lens 4 for light beam dispersion
Onto microlens array 5, by the convergent effect of microlens array 5, the light of phase co-wavelength is focused at together in some space part
On one pixel, photosignal is finally gathered by ccd detector 6.
It may be noted that the optics used in a kind of high light flux real time spectrum imaging device disclosed by the invention, is removed
The size of microlens array 5 is needed outside being adjusted accordingly according to spatial resolution target call, need not all carry out spy
Different customization, there is the characteristics of cost is low, easily builds.
A kind of above-mentioned high light flux real time spectrum imaging device, the processing to scene spectral information are broadly divided into spectrum colour
Scattered, lenticule polymerization and detector integration three phases, are described in detail below：
Step 1：Original three-dimensional spectroscopic data is expressed as f (x, y, λ), wherein 1≤x≤W and 1≤y≤H is space
Coordinated indexing, 1≤λ≤L are spectrum coordinated indexings.After light from original scene 1 enters the present apparatus, image-forming objective lens are first passed around
2 are imaged, and a transmissive diffraction grating 3 is placed in the image planes of object lens, and spectral information is carried out color by grating 3 along spectral Dimensions
Dissipate.Under normal circumstances, spectral information is to carry out dispersion along some direction of space coordinates.Here it is general in order to not lose
Property, it is assumed that dispersion is along x directions.So, the spectral information of dispersion can be expressed as：
f1(x, y, λ)=f (x- Φ (λ), y, λ) (1)
Wherein, Φ (λ) represents the dispersion distance function of transmissive diffraction grating 3, and this function is related to wavelength, identical diffraction
The light of different wave length has different dispersion distance in level.Specific dispersion distance is determined by following two equation：
d×(sinθm- sin i)=m λ (2)
Φ (λ)=f × tan θm (3)
Wherein, d is grating constant, and i is grating incident angle, and m is diffraction time, θmFor the grating angle of emergence, the i.e. angle of divergence, f
For the distance between grating 3 and relay lens 4.Due to d, i, m and λ, it is known that therefore some wavelength can be calculated according to formula (2)
Light some level grating output angle θm, the light of some wavelength then can be calculated in some level according to formula (3)
Dispersion distance Φ (λ).
Step 2：Propagate forward by the light of transmissive diffraction grating 3, by the transmission of relay lens 4, finally converge to
On microlens array 5.Microlens array 5 is formed by the lenticule arrangement that yardstick is small, integrated level is high.Light after dispersion is by micro-
After lenticule on lens array 5, meeting nature is dispersed on ccd detector 6.Microlens array 5 in the present apparatus is using post
Face lens array, cylindrical lens can carry out one-dimensional shaping to light beam, eliminate the aliasing of different spatial glazing spectrum information, solution
The problem of certainly spectral resolution reduces.Therefore, the information that ccd detector 6 obtains is the spectral information of particular spatial location.
Here in order to without loss of generality, it is assumed that after microlens array 5, what is got on ccd detector 6 is primary field
In scape 1 along x directions several pixels spectral information, specific number of pixels determines by the size of cylindrical microlenses.This
Individual process causes in original scene 1 to be superimposed along the identical wavelength channels of several pixels in x directions, i.e. CCD detection
The optical signal that a pixel on device 6 is got correspond to several pixels in original scene 1 some spectral coverage optical signal it
With.Reaching the spectral information on ccd detector 6 by microlens array 5 can be expressed as：
Wherein, N is the corresponding pixel in original scene 1 of light that a lenticule on microlens array 5 allows to pass through
Number.
In a kind of high light flux real time spectrum imaging device disclosed by the invention, the design of microlens array 5 embodies
Spatial resolution changes the essence of spectral resolution.It is believed that in original scene 1 along x directions several pixels light
Spectrum information is after microlens array 5, and spatial resolution is reduced to a pixel, but spectral resolution has been fully retained.
Step 3：The light traveled on ccd detector 6, optical signal is changed into electric signal by photoelectric sensor, finally adopted
Collection enters computer.Ccd detector 6 is to the corresponding difference of the light of different wave length, and specific spectral response curve is by ccd detector
6 designs determine that the spectral response curve of different ccd detectors 6 is slightly different.This process can be expressed as：
Wherein, gc(x, y) represents that coordinate is the pixel value of (x, y), ω on ccd detector array 6λRepresent ccd detector 6
To the spectral response of the λ narrow band.
Experimental result：
In order to illustrate a kind of beneficial effect of above-mentioned high light flux real time spectrum imaging device, below by said apparatus and pendulum
Sweep formula, three kinds of optical spectrum imaging devices of push-broom type and spectral scan formula are contrasted.Comparing result is as shown in table 1.
The present apparatus of table 1 and the contrast of three kinds of transmission spectra imaging devices
In table 1, W and H represent the wide and high of the original scene 1 that needs obtain respectively, and L represents the spectrum of original scene 1
The bands of a spectrum number of information.So, the spectral information of original scene 1 can be represented with a three-dimensional data cube, and its size is W
×H×L.Spectral imaging technology can regard collection cubical to data and the process utilized as.For all above-mentioned spectrum
Imaging device, exposure can obtain this data cube every time, but due to the design of reflective mirror, slit and optical filter, make
The ratio difference that the spectral information being finally communicated on detector plane in device that must be different accounts for data cube (does not consider light
Natural Attenuation in air and optics), we regard this ratio as the luminous flux of the device.
As shown in table 1, sweep type optical spectrum imaging device only gathers the spectral information of a pixel due to single exposure, because
This single exposure is 1/WH, it is necessary to which WH exposure could complete adopting for whole data cube to the utilization rate of three-dimensional spectral information
Collection.As can be seen here, the luminous flux of sweep type optical spectrum imaging device and real-time are all very low.
Push-broom type optical spectrum imaging device single exposure gathers the spectral information of a row pixel, the utilization to three-dimensional spectral information
Rate is 1/W, it is necessary to which W times exposes the collection that could complete whole data cube.Therefore, the light of push-broom type optical spectrum imaging device leads to
Amount and real-time ratio sweep type are slightly lifted, but still relatively low.
Spectral scan formula optical spectrum imaging device single exposure can gather the spectral information of a bands of a spectrum, and three-dimensional spectrum is believed
The utilization rate of breath is 1/L, it is necessary to which L times exposes the collection that could complete whole data cube.In actual applications, it is necessary to obtain
Bands of a spectrum quantity up to hundreds of sometimes, therefore the luminous flux of spectral scan formula optical spectrum imaging device and real-time be not also high.
A kind of high light flux real time spectrum imaging device disclosed by the invention, due to no using filtering and slit is set
Meter, in the case of not considering that light is lost in the optics such as transmissive diffraction grating, the utilization rate to spectral information is
100%, therefore only need the collection of single exposure can completion data cube.Under contrast, the present apparatus is either led in light
All remote super above-mentioned transmission spectra imaging device, beneficial effect are proved in amount or real-time.
Above-described specific descriptions, the purpose, technical scheme and beneficial effect of invention are carried out further specifically
It is bright, it should be understood that the specific embodiment that the foregoing is only the present invention, the protection model being not intended to limit the present invention
Enclose, within the spirit and principles of the invention, any modification, equivalent substitution and improvements done etc., should be included in the present invention
Protection domain within.
Claims (1)
- A kind of 1. high light flux real time spectrum imaging device, it is characterised in that：Including：Image-forming objective lens (2), transmissive diffraction grating (3), relay lens (4), microlens array (5), ccd detector (6)；Image-forming objective lens (2) are used for the target imaging to be obtained；Transmissive diffraction grating (3) is used to carry out dispersion to the spectral information of image-forming objective lens (2) imaging, and light beam dispersion is into continuous Bands of a spectrum；Its position is in the image planes of image-forming objective lens (2)；Relay lens (4) be used for by the light after transmissive diffraction grating (3) dispersion on axis it is lossless be passed forward to needed for Position；Microlens array (5) is used to assemble incident light, concentrated later from phase co-wavelength in original scene some space part Light be focused on same pixel；It is formed by the cylindrical lens arrangement that yardstick is small, integrated level is high；Cylindrical lens can be right Light beam carries out one-dimensional shaping；The shape of each cylindrical lens and position have good uniformity；Ccd detector (6) is used to carry out photosensitive and opto-electronic conversion to optical signal, is then transferred to computer；Its position is micro- In the image planes of lens array (5)；Annexation：The image planes of image-forming objective lens (2) overlap with the grating planar of transmissive diffraction grating (3), during microlens array (5) is placed on After in the image planes of lens (4), the image planes of microlens array (5) overlap with ccd detector (6) plane.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108871574A (en) * | 2018-06-25 | 2018-11-23 | 首都师范大学 | high spectrum imaging method, device and system |
| CN109141635A (en) * | 2018-07-23 | 2019-01-04 | 南京邮电大学 | A kind of imaging spectrometer and its high spectrum imaging method |
| CN111426287A (en) * | 2020-04-23 | 2020-07-17 | 华侨大学 | Parallel color confocal flatness measuring system |
| CN112911105A (en) * | 2021-01-19 | 2021-06-04 | 中国计量科学研究院 | Digital PCR result reading device |
| CN114112043A (en) * | 2021-11-12 | 2022-03-01 | 杭州电子科技大学 | Spectral imaging device |
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