CN111623876A - Push-broom hyperspectral imaging system and method based on S matrix slit array - Google Patents
Push-broom hyperspectral imaging system and method based on S matrix slit array Download PDFInfo
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- CN111623876A CN111623876A CN202010623576.9A CN202010623576A CN111623876A CN 111623876 A CN111623876 A CN 111623876A CN 202010623576 A CN202010623576 A CN 202010623576A CN 111623876 A CN111623876 A CN 111623876A
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- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
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- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
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- 238000010408 sweeping Methods 0.000 claims description 2
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- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 5
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- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
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- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
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- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J3/00—Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
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Abstract
The invention discloses a push-broom type hyperspectral imaging system and method based on an S matrix slit array. The S matrix slit array is fixed on a high-precision electric control displacement table, placed on a primary focal plane of a main telescope, the field diaphragm is used for controlling the coding width, the full sampling of the three-dimensional spectral image signals of the opposite field is realized by accurate movement, the field compensation mirror is used for eliminating the motion blur in the coding process, and the acquisition of the spatial spectrum three-dimensional data cube is realized through data processing. The invention is a typical calculation imaging method, has no problem of information loss, has the characteristic of high flux, is particularly suitable for a quick exposure imaging scene under weak light or limited by integral time, and can be carried on a platform with stable motion characteristics such as a satellite, an airplane and the like to develop hyperspectral remote sensing application.
Description
The technical field is as follows:
the invention discloses a push-broom hyperspectral imaging technical scheme with short exposure and high frame frequency under the condition of low light, which adopts a computational imaging method, utilizes an S matrix slit array to realize full-period lossless sampling of a three-dimensional map of a space surface field of view, uses a compensating mirror to eliminate motion blur in the encoding process, and then obtains hyperspectral three-dimensional map information through computational reconstruction. The system has the characteristic of high flux, and is particularly suitable for high-sensitivity hyperspectral imaging high-sensitivity detection application under the condition of weak illumination.
Background art:
the hyperspectral imaging technology has great use value in multiple fields of geological resource exploration, atmospheric environment protection, modern agricultural production and the like. In the field of aerospace hyperspectral imaging, imaging systems of the aerospace hyperspectral imaging are generally divided into a pan type imaging, a push-broom type imaging and a staring type imaging, and at present, dispersive hyperspectral imaging based on the push-broom imaging is a mainstream technical scheme. The technology realizes the acquisition of three-dimensional map information of a target by the movement of a two-dimensional area array detector and a one-dimensional platform together, the two-dimensional area array detector obtains two-dimensional information of one dimension (linear view field) and one dimension of spectrum of a target scene through single exposure, and the other one-dimensional information of the space is realized through the movement of an airplane or a satellite.
In a push-broom imaging spectrum system, the spatial resolution is determined by two aspects, the vertical direction is determined by the size of a detector pixel, the horizontal direction is determined by the width of a slit, if an image with high spatial resolution needs to be obtained, the width of the slit needs to be reduced, and the reduction of the width can cause the insufficient luminous flux of the system, thereby affecting the signal-to-noise ratio of the system; on the other hand, the energy distribution of the solar spectrum has great difference between the visible light and the short wave band, and compared with the energy near the visible light of 650nm, the energy of the short wave band spectrum with the wavelength of more than 2000nm is reduced by about ten times. The conventional method solves the problem of insufficient luminous flux by increasing the integration time, which results in a limitation in the frame rate at a larger integration time.
Aiming at the problem of insufficient luminous flux of a short-wave infrared push-broom type hyperspectral imaging system, particularly the problem that the signal-to-noise ratio is difficult to improve after 2000nm, the invention provides a method based on computational imaging, which uses an S matrix array slit for continuous transform coding sampling to replace a single slit of a traditional method, realizes the simultaneous exposure of three-dimensional map information of opposite view fields, thereby achieving the purposes of improving the luminous flux and increasing the imaging signal-to-noise ratio, realizes the motion compensation in the transform coding process by using a view field compensation mirror, and realizes the high signal-to-noise ratio imaging while realizing information loss.
The invention content is as follows:
the invention provides a high-sensitivity hyperspectral imaging method capable of realizing weak illumination, which realizes high flux by utilizing S matrix slit array hybrid exposure and realizes the suppression of noise by virtue of a weighing measurement principle, and is an effective technical means for realizing high signal-to-noise ratio spectral imaging under the weak signal condition.
The system comprises a telescope 1, an S matrix slit array 2, a field diaphragm 3, a high-precision electric control displacement platform 4, a spectrometer component 5, a field compensation mirror 6 and a data processing module 7. The S matrix slit array 2 is fixed on a high-precision electric control displacement table 4, the two are placed at a focal plane behind the telescope 1 together, and the high-precision electric control displacement table 4 controls the horizontal movement of the S matrix slit array 2; the moving direction of the high-precision electric control displacement table 4 is strictly parallel to the dispersion direction of the spectrometer component 5, the stepping distance of each time is the width of one slit, and an S matrix is formed by combining N times of stepping; a field diaphragm 3 is arranged behind the S matrix slit array 2 and is adjusted to be close to the focal plane of the telescope 1 as much as possible, and the plane of the S matrix slit array 2 is parallel to the plane of the field diaphragm 3; the spectrometer component 5 is placed behind the field diaphragm 3, and is used for finely splitting light passing through the field diaphragm 3 and collecting empty spectrum aliasing data; a visual field compensation lens 6 is added in front of the telescope 1 for visual field compensation to eliminate motion blur; the motion mode of the field compensation mirror 6 is a stepping mode, and the stepping speed is determined by the moving speed of the platform and the coding order; the data processing module 7 performs decoding operation on the acquired space spectrum aliasing data to complete a reconstruction process, so as to obtain a three-dimensional light field signal.
The S matrix is a full rank matrix generated by a quadratic residue equation rule, the whole matrix consists of 0 and 1, and the method is characterized in that any row S of the S matrixnAre all formed by the first row s of the matrix1And obtaining cyclic shift. It is assumed here that the matrix used is an N-order S matrix, and the code plate is composed of a set of slit arrays, each slit has the same width, and is arranged on the code plate according to the position of "1" in the first row of the S matrix. In order to realize the coding effect after translation, two identical slit arrays are arranged on the coding board without intervals, the S matrix slit array 2 replaces the original single slit, and the S matrix slit array 2 is finely adjusted by using an optical correction method so as to ensure that the plane where the S matrix slit array 2 is located and the focal plane of the telescopic lens 1 are on the same plane.
Further, the field stop 3 is used to ensure that only slits within the width (N × unit slit width) participate in encoding during the movement of the S-matrix slit array 2. The effect of the array slits is in fact a spatial modulation of the light, by means of the mathematical weighing measurement principle, i.e. multiple combined measurement acquisitions, with the final decoding recovering all the information without loss. The multi-channel optical signals after spatial modulation enter the spectrometer component 5, a mixed signal of space and spectrum is formed on the detector, and signals collected by the detector in the spectrometer component 5 are transmitted into the data processing module. Therefore, in the acquisition process, only the signals participating in encoding (in the field diaphragm 3) pass through the light splitting system, and other signals are noise introduced by the system, so that the method of placing the diaphragm behind the sampling encoding plate limits the noise light signals from entering the spectral imaging system. In theory, the aperture should be placed at the same position as the coding plate, but it is impossible to place two devices at the same position, so the field aperture 3 should be as close as possible to the S-matrix coding array 2 to minimize errors.
Further, the field compensation mirror 6 is used for motion compensation of the system. And (3) using an S matrix coding array hyperspectral imaging scheme, wherein each measurement period is N times of exposure time. The N times of exposure need to add a visual field compensation mirror 6 in front of the lens for motion compensation so as to ensure that the target is unchanged within the exposure time.
Further, the data processing module 7 recalculates the acquired data to restore the three-dimensional hyperspectral data cube of the target. Specifically, the single pixel of the detector acquires the information of aliasing of space and spectrum, and the S matrix is a full-rank matrix, so that the empty spectrum information can be fully sampled after N times of sampling. It is assumed that the signal is Q,q represents the spectral signal in different spaces, different spectra,represents a coded value, then
Wherein W ═ { W ═ W1,w2,w3,…,wnI.e. an aliased signal on the detector, which can be expressed as:
W=S*Q
as can be seen from the properties of the S-code matrix, the matrix satisfies the invertible property, so that the original signal can be calculated from the matrix
Q=S-1*W
Meanwhile, noise can be effectively suppressed by using the S matrix, and the noise of a signal is assumed to be N ═ e1,e2,e3,…,enThe variance is sigma2Then, then
At this time, if the traditional imaging mode is used for signal acquisition, the signal-to-noise ratio is as follows:
in the weighing measurement experiment, the signal variance is reduced to:
where S is an n × n full rank matrix, so using coded slit spectral imaging, the signal-to-noise ratio is:
experimentally used coding matrix of S19*19Calculating to obtain:
this shows that when the matrix size is 19 × 19, the signal-to-noise ratio is improved as follows:
therefore, the S matrix slit array is proved to be an effective high signal-to-noise ratio imaging mode for realizing weak signal hyperspectral imaging.
According to the scheme, on the basis of the existing push-broom hyperspectral imaging, an S matrix slit array is used for replacing a single slit, a field compensation mirror is used for motion compensation, full sampling is achieved through continuous transform coding, and the method is used as a typical computational imaging method, has the advantages of no information loss, has the characteristic of high flux, and is particularly suitable for a quick exposure imaging scene under weak light or limited by integral time. The hyperspectral remote sensing device can be carried on platforms with stable motion characteristics such as satellites and airplanes to develop hyperspectral remote sensing application.
Description of the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic block diagram of a hyperspectral imaging system based on an S matrix slit.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a view field compensation mirror in combination with motion compensation.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the S-matrix encoding effect achieved by translating the encoding board (taking N ═ 19 as an example).
The method of FIG. 4 is used for implementing a high-resolution high-flux short-wave infrared hyperspectral imaging system.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
the above description is only an outline of the technical solution of the present invention, and in order to make the technical means of the present solution more clearly understood and to be implemented as described in the specification, a detailed description of a specific example applied to the present solution is given below. According to the invention, a set of high-resolution shortwave infrared hyperspectral imaging system based on S matrix array slits is constructed, and the main technical indexes of the instrument are as follows:
The specific parameters and design of each part are as follows:
a telescope:the infrared short-wave infrared light source is in a coaxial two-mirror + correcting mirror structure, the primary mirror and the secondary mirror are hyperboloids, the focal length is designed to be 1725mm, the diameter of an entrance pupil is 300mm, the coverage of a field angle is +/-0.46 degrees +/-0.33 degrees, and the wavelength meets the requirement of a short-wave infrared channel of 0.9-2.5 mu mImaging requirements;
s matrix slit array:for a chrome-plated glass slit array mask manufactured by a photoetching technology, as mentioned above, a 256-order S matrix is generated by software calculation, and slits are arranged on the mask according to the first row of the S matrix; diaphragm: the specification during the diaphragm is the same as that of the coding plate, and a rectangular window with the width of 256 x 30 mu m and the length of 14mm is arranged in the middle;
a spectrometer component:the entrance pupil of the spectrometer is matched with the exit pupil of the telescope, the overall configuration of the spectrometer is a transmission type collimating mirror group, a prism and a transmission type focusing mirror group, the spatial magnification is 1:1, the spectral sampling is 20nm according to the pixel size of 30 microns of a detector, the coverage is 0.9-2.5 microns, and the spectral sampling corresponds to 80 imaging spectral bands. The spectral distortion Smile is less than 3.5 μm, and the Keystone is less than 4.6 μm;
a view field compensation mirror:the view field compensation mirror is a sweeping and swinging mirror and consists of a gold-plated reflecting mirror and a motor, wherein the reflecting mirror is connected with the motor through a supporting rod, and the angular speed is controlled by an upper computer.
A detector:the MCT short-wave infrared focal plane component produced by Sofrdir company in France has the area array scale of 500 × 256, the pixel size delta of 30 mu m, the working spectrum range of 1000-2500 nm, and the maximum frame frequency f of 300 Hz.1
High-precision translation stage:the maximum moving speed can reach 1.1m/s by using a V-408 type linear motor of PI company, and the displacement precision is +/-0.1 mu m.
The data acquisition process comprises the following steps:
setting proper exposure time aiming at a target scene to ensure that signals in the acquisition process are not saturated;
setting the translation speed of the high-precision electric displacement table to be 30 um/exposure time;
setting a field compensation mirror to perform reverse motion compensation on scene information in an acquisition period;
And combining the collected data into a data cube, recording the dispersion direction as an x axis, the linear view field direction as a y axis and the collection times as a z axis. And taking a plane vertical to the y axis, wherein the plane is the one-dimensional spatial information and the one-dimensional spectral information collected under different codes. Decoding is carried out according to the specification requirement, the original image information after dislocation is obtained, the recovery process of other plane signals of the y axis is similar to the original image information, and then splicing is carried out according to wave bands, so that the original image is obtained.
Claims (5)
1. The utility model provides a push away formula of sweeping hyperspectral imaging system based on S matrix slit array, includes telescope (1), S matrix slit array (2), field of view diaphragm (3), the automatically controlled displacement platform of high accuracy (4), spectrum appearance subassembly (5), field of view compensating mirror (6) and data processing module (7), its characterized in that:
the S matrix slit array (2) is placed at the focal plane position of the telescope (1), is fixed on the high-precision electric control displacement table (4), and is driven by the high-precision electric control displacement table (4) to horizontally move; a field diaphragm (3) is arranged between the S matrix slit array (2) and the spectrometer component (5) and is close to the S matrix slit array (2); the spectrometer component (5) is placed behind the field diaphragm (3) and is used for finely splitting light and collecting space spectrum aliasing data; a field compensation mirror (6) is added in front of the telescope (1) to realize field compensation and eliminate motion blur, the motion mode of the field compensation mirror (6) is a stepping mode, and the stepping speed is determined by the platform moving speed and the coding order; and the data processing module (7) performs decoding operation on the acquired space spectrum aliasing data to complete a reconstruction process and obtain a three-dimensional light field signal.
2. The push-broom hyperspectral imaging system based on the S-matrix slit array of claim 1, wherein:
the S matrix slit array (2) is a slit coding plate generated by an S matrix and meets the cyclic coding property; the coding S matrix is generated according to a quadratic residue method, the slit arrangement sequence of the S matrix slit array (2) is determined by the first row of the matrix, two slits are arranged continuously and without intervals, and the two-dimensional coding effect is realized through the translation of the S matrix slit array (2).
3. The push-broom hyperspectral imaging system based on the S-matrix slit array of claim 1, wherein:
the width of the field diaphragm (3) is determined by the order of the encoding matrix, namely the diaphragm width is equal to the order of the matrix x the slit width.
4. The push-broom hyperspectral imaging system based on the S-matrix slit array of claim 1, wherein:
the displacement compensation mirror (6) rotates reversely when the push-broom system moves, the rotating angular speed is determined according to the object-image distance and the platform moving speed, and if the moving speed is vm/s, the distance between the mirror surface and the imaging target is Lm, and the rotation of the displacement compensation mirror (6) is R, the displacement compensation mirror rotates reversely
5. A spectral data processing method based on the push-broom type hyperspectral imaging system based on the S-matrix slit array is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
inputting the obtained full-sampling aliasing spectrum data into a data processing module, performing matrix inverse operation according to the reversible characteristic of a full-rank matrix, performing operation to obtain different spatial and spectral information values of original signals, and splicing the original signals corresponding to the images according to different wave bands to generate high signal-to-noise ratio spectrum images;
specifically, the single pixel of the detector acquires the information of aliasing of space and spectrum, and the S matrix is a full-rank matrix, so that the empty spectrum information can be fully sampled after N times of sampling. Suppose the signal is Q, Q ═ Q1,q2,q3,...qnQ represents the spectral signal between different spatial and spectral regions in the system, S ═ S1,s2,s3,...snRepresents the encoded value, then
Wherein W ═ { W ═ W1,w2,w3,…,wnI.e. an aliased signal on the detector, which can be expressed as:
W=S*Q
as can be seen from the properties of the S-code matrix, the matrix satisfies the invertible property, so that the original signal can be calculated from the matrix
Q=S-1*W
Q is an original signal with a staggered space spectrum, actual original data can be obtained through simple data splicing, the actual original data is a process of acquiring one-dimensional space of a vertical line view field and corresponding spectral information, and acquisition and calculation methods of information between the line view fields are mutually independent, so that parallel acquisition and calculation can be realized.
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