CN114674434A - Swing scanning type large-width hyperspectral imaging method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention belongs to a hyperspectral imaging method, and aims to solve the technical problems that the load of the existing satellite-borne hyperspectral imager is push-broom imaging, the push-broom imaging is lower than the width index of the swing-broom imaging, and the width index can only be improved by a mode of external splicing or increasing the imaging field of view.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to a hyperspectral imaging method, and particularly relates to a sweep type large-width hyperspectral imaging method.
Background
The spectral imaging technology is combined with the spectral technology and the imaging technology, the geometric characteristics and the radiation characteristics of the target can be obtained simultaneously, and comprehensive detection and identification of the target characteristics are realized. With the continuous improvement of the requirements of space remote sensing application on the fine identification of target characteristics, the indexes of spectral resolution and spatial resolution of the spectral imaging instrument are continuously improved.
The spectral data acquired by the satellite-borne hyperspectral imager can be widely applied to the industries of national resources, environmental protection, disaster reduction and prevention, forestry, agriculture, water conservancy, mining industry and the like. The application field has higher requirements on the breadth and the revisit time besides different requirements on the sensitivity and the spectral resolution of instruments. The developed and applied satellite-borne hyperspectral imager acquires data in a push-scan imaging mode, the sensitivity of the detector of the imager is improved by utilizing the characteristic of long residence time of push-scan imaging pixels, and the width can reach 10km to 150 km. And the data is acquired by adopting a swing scanning imaging mode, and the width of the medium-resolution multispectral imager can reach 700km to 2000 km.
The spectral imaging technology applied to space remote sensing mainly relies on two principles of dispersion type and interference type. The spectral resolution of the dispersive hyperspectral imager is inversely proportional to the width of an incident slit, and to obtain higher spectral resolution, the width of the slit needs to be continuously reduced, the luminous flux of the system needs to be reduced, and the sensitivity of the detector can be greatly reduced. If the spatial resolution of the spectral imager is kept unchanged (usually 10-60 m), the imaging mode is changed into a sweep mode, the dwell time of pixels is obviously reduced, so that the sensitivity index of a system of the dispersion type spectral imager cannot meet the application requirement, the energy collection capacity is reduced by adding the imaging aperture mode of an optical system, the aperture of a reflector is limited by the driving and controlling capacity during sweep imaging and cannot be increased to meet the energy compensation requirement, and therefore, the dispersion type hyperspectral imager is not suitable for sweep imaging. In addition, although the interference type hyperspectral imager has high energy utilization rate, because a plurality of frames of imaging are needed to obtain target interference data, when the imaging is directly performed by sweeping, the images can be dislocated due to the movement of the satellite, and the spectral data can not be correctly restored, so the interference type hyperspectral imager is not suitable for the imaging by sweeping.
In summary, at present, the load of the satellite-borne hyperspectral imager is push-broom imaging, the width of the multispectral imager is limited, the width index can be improved only by external splicing or a mode of increasing an imaging field of view, and the width can only reach below 150km generally.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a sweep-type large-width hyperspectral imaging method, which aims to solve the technical problem that the load of the satellite-borne hyperspectral imager is all push-scan imaging and limits the width index of the multispectral imager.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme to realize the purpose:
a swing scanning type large-width hyperspectral imaging method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, constructing an optical system
Arranging a scanning reflector, an imaging system and an area array photoelectric detector along a light path to complete the construction of the optical system; the imaging system comprises an interferometer and a Fourier imaging mirror;
s2, spectral imaging
The scanning mirror performs multi-dimensional object space sweeping in the cross-track direction on a target signal along the width direction, the scanning mirror performs multi-time scanning in a multi-time sweeping motion, the scanning mirror performs forward scanning and then moves reversely to return to an initial scanning position during each sweeping motion, and meanwhile, hyperspectral imaging is performed on the target signal through a hyperspectral imager in the forward scanning process to obtain strip image data;
S3, data processing
S3.1, splicing a plurality of strip image data obtained by scanning the scanning reflector for a plurality of times to obtain a ground feature image;
and S3.2, processing the acquired ground object image through the area array photoelectric detector to obtain a rectangular ground projection target.
Further, in step S1, the optical system determines the optical parameters of the system according to the expected width, spatial resolution and spectral resolution, and determines the external dimensions of the optical element of the scanning mirror according to the optical parameters of the imaging system.
Further, in step S1, the optical parameters include an optical system aperture, an optical system focal length, and a photodetector specification.
Further, in step S1, the optical parameters of the imaging system and the external dimensions of the optical elements of the scanning mirror are obtained specifically as follows:
s1.1, determining the specifications of a photoelectric detector according to the expected achieved width and spatial resolution, wherein the specifications of the photoelectric detector comprise the number of pixels and the size of the pixels of the photoelectric detector;
s1.2, determining the focal length and the caliber of an optical system according to the pixel number of the photoelectric detector, the predicted spatial resolution and the satellite orbit height;
S1.3, determining the wave band range, the shearing quantity, the number of sampling points and the size of an interferometer in an imaging system according to the predicted spectral resolution, the optical system focal length and the optical system aperture;
and S1.4, determining the external dimension of a scanning mirror in the optical system according to the caliber of the optical system.
Further, in step S2, the specific steps are:
the velocity vector V of the satellite sub-satellite point in the satellite flight direction1And the first scanning time t1Internal scanning mirror sweeping velocity vector V3Synthesizing to obtain a scanning velocity vector V along the transverse direction of the ground object2；
The first scanning time t1The time of forward scanning is the time of each swing motion.
Further, in step S2, the forward scan is then moved back to the start scan position in a reverse direction, wherein the speed of the reverse direction moving back to the start scan position is such that the scan width of the previous forward scan overlaps the scan width of the next forward scan.
Further, in step S1, the specification of the area array photodetector is M × N, where M is the total number of rows, the projection targets in the row direction coincide with the flight direction of the satellite, N is the total number of columns, the projection targets in the column direction are perpendicular to the flight direction of the satellite, and M > N.
Further, in step S2, the forward scanning and the backward scanning move back to the initial scanning position, and the first scanning time t of the forward scanning1Determined based on the expected width and scan line overlap requirements to be achieved.
Further, in step S2, the moving back to the initial scanning position after the forward scanning further includes adjusting the angle error of the satellite bias current by adjusting the moving speed of the scanning mirror, so that the scanning speed vector V along the transverse direction of the ground object is obtained2The direction of the scanning mirror is coincident with the row direction of the photoelectric detector, and the swinging motion speed of the scanning mirror meets the requirement of the width.
Further, in step S2, the adjusting the scanning mirror motion velocity to compensate the satellite bias current angle error specifically includes:
sa, calculating the speed vector V of the satellite lower point according to the orbit altitude of the satellite1；
Sb, according to the width of the optical system and the first scanning time t1Calculating the scanning velocity vector V along the transverse direction of the ground object2；
Sc is based on the satellite sub-satellite point velocity vector V1And scanning velocity vector V along the transverse direction of the ground object2Calculating the sweep velocity vector V of the scanning mirror3And the sweep direction of the scanning mirror and the velocity vector V of the satellite point1The included angle alpha of;
sd, adjusting the rotating shaft of the scanning reflector to enable the rotating shaft of the scanning reflector to be parallel to the short shaft of the scanning reflector, and enabling the included angle between the rotating shaft and the satellite along the direction of the satellite to be alpha-90 degrees;
Se, adjusting the positions of the imaging system and the area array photoelectric detector to enable the ground projection graph of the area array photoelectric detector to be rectangular, and the image spectrum dimension is superposed with the row total number M of the long side of the rectangle;
sf, correcting a satellite sub-satellite point velocity vector V according to the satellite drift angle parameter1Recalculating the scanning velocity vector V in the transverse direction of the ground object2And according to satellite starLower point velocity vector V1And scanning velocity vector V along the transverse direction of the ground object2Adjusting the sweeping velocity vector V of the scanning mirror3And a first scanning time t1。
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. according to the sweep-type large-width hyperspectral imaging method, the defect of short image element residence time in the sweep imaging process is compensated by utilizing the advantage of high energy utilization rate of a large-aperture interference spectrum imaging technology, so that the sensitivity index meeting the application requirement can be obtained in the sweep imaging process, and the problem that the width index can be improved only by means of external splicing or imaging field enlargement in the push-sweep imaging process can be solved.
2. The sweep type large-width hyperspectral imaging method is applied to a satellite-borne hyperspectral imager, can greatly improve the width of the imager, and can effectively overcome the problem that the push-sweep imaging width of the existing spectral imager is limited.
3. The sweep-type large-width hyperspectral imaging method can improve the width of a hyperspectral imager from dozens of kilometers to hundreds of kilometers, and solves the application problems of small width and long revisit cycle in satellite-borne high-resolution hyperspectral imaging.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an imaging principle of a sweep-type large-width hyperspectral imaging method according to the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of ground object image data acquired by an area array photoelectric detector in the swept-type large-width hyperspectral imaging method;
FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the relationship between the imaging of the area array photodetector and the ground object pixels in the sweep-type large-width hyperspectral imaging method.
Wherein: 1-scanning reflector, 2-interferometer, 3-Fourier imaging mirror, 4-photoelectric detector and 5-rotating shaft.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. The components of embodiments of the present invention generally described and illustrated in the figures herein may be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations.
As shown in fig. 1, the invention is a composition diagram of a swept-type large-width high-spectral imaging system corresponding to the swept-type large-width high-spectral imaging method, and the imaging system includes a scanning mirror 1, an imaging system (including an interferometer 2 and a fourier imaging mirror 3), and a photodetector 4, and the imaging system employs an interference spectrum imager. The scanning mirror 1 can be rotated about the rotation axis 5 to perform a sweeping motion. The interferometer 2 is arranged on an emergent light path of the scanning reflector 1, and a light path processed by the interferometer 2 enters the Fourier imaging mirror 3 and is finally received by the photoelectric detector 4.
According to the invention, a target signal is introduced into an imaging channel through a scanning reflector 1, the scanning reflector 1 performs sweeping motion along the width direction, spectral imaging is realized by using a large-aperture static interference spectral imaging principle, the scanning reflector 1 rapidly moves in a reverse direction after being scanned in a forward direction and returns to an initial scanning position, one strip image data is obtained in each scanning, and a plurality of strips are spliced to obtain a large-range ground object image.
1.1, determining parameters of the sweep type large-width hyperspectral imaging system according to indexes of the width, the spatial resolution and the spectral resolution of the sweep type large-width hyperspectral imaging system (optical system). The parameters comprise the caliber D of the optical system, the focal length and the specification of the area array photoelectric detector 4, namely the specification of the area array photoelectric detector 4 is determined according to the spatial resolution and the width, including the pixel number, the pixel size and the like, and then the focal length of the optical system and the caliber D of the optical system are determined according to the pixel number, the spatial resolution and the track height of the area array photoelectric detector 4. Meanwhile, according to the spectral resolution, the focal length of the optical system and the aperture D of the optical system, the design parameters of the interference spectrum imager are determined, wherein the design parameters comprise a wave band range, the shearing quantity of the interferometer 2, the number of sampling points, the size of the interferometer 2 and the like.
1.2, determining the first scanning time t according to the width and the scanning line overlapping requirement1. Each scan is divided into two time segments, the first scan time t1The time period scanning reflector 1 is swept in a swinging mode, the area array photoelectric detector 4 is scanned and imaged along the transverse direction of the ground object, and the second scanning time t2The time period scanning reflector 1 rapidly swings and sweeps back to the position of the sub-satellite point, and the area array photoelectric detector 4 does not image. As shown in figures 1 and 2, the synthetic photoelectric detector 4 of the flight direction of the satellite and the sweep direction of the scanning reflector 1 scans and images along the transverse direction of the ground object, and the velocity vector V of the satellite point under the satellite1And the sweeping velocity vector V of the scanning mirror 13Synthesizing a scanning velocity vector V in the lateral direction of the ground object2，V2Direction and satellite subsatellite point velocity vector V1The direction is vertical, as shown in FIG. 3, there is a first scanning time t of the next time segment1The first scanning time t from the previous time period1Scan line overlap possibilities. According to the width and the overlapping requirement of the scanning lines, the first scanning time t can be determined1Meanwhile, the external dimension of the optical element of the scanning mirror 1 in the front end scanning mirror 1 system can be designed according to the aperture D of the optical system.
And step 1.1 and step 1.2 can be iterated to carry out optimization design, and the optimal first scanning time t is determined 1Scanning velocity vector V along the transverse direction of the ground object2And the aperture D of the optical system is the minimum on the premise of meeting the requirement of the signal-to-noise ratio of the image.
The scanning reflector 1 performs object space multi-element sweep in the cross-track direction on a target signal, and introduces the target signal into an imaging channel. The scanning reflector 1 makes a swinging motion, wherein when the scanning reflector 1 makes the swinging motion, the direction of the scanning motion vector of the projection target is coincided with the direction of the array of the area array photoelectric detectors 4 after the swinging motion vector of the scanning reflector 1 is synthesized with the motion vector of the satellite, and the scanning motion speed meets the requirement of the width. The optical system realizes hyperspectral imaging of a target signal according to a large-aperture static interference spectrum imaging principle, and the scanning reflector 1 rapidly moves in a reverse direction after scanning in a forward direction and returns to an initial scanning position. And obtaining one strip image data by each scanning, and splicing the plurality of strip image data to obtain a large-range ground object image.
And obtaining one strip image data by each scanning, and splicing the plurality of strip image data to obtain a large-range ground object image.
The area array photoelectric detector 4 is used for acquiring image data of ground objects in a large range, the specification of the area array photoelectric detector 4 is M multiplied by N, M is the total number of rows, the projection target in the row direction is coincident with the flight direction of the satellite, N is the total number of columns, the projection target in the column direction is perpendicular to the flight direction of the satellite, and M is larger than N. The wide-range ground object image data acquired by the area array photoelectric detector 4 passes through an optical system to obtain a rectangular ground projection target.
In addition, the first scanning time t1The internal scanning reflector 1 scans a velocity vector V along the transverse direction of the ground object2Is the velocity vector V of the satellite lower point in the satellite flight direction1And a first scanning time t1 Internal scanning reflector 1 sweeping velocity vector V3Is obtained synthetically due to V1There is a variation in the need to ensure V2 by calculating and adjusting V3. The satellite drift angle error is compensated by adjusting the motion speed of the scanning reflector 1, and the specific adjusting method comprises the following steps:
sa, calculating the satellite down-pointing velocity V according to the satellite orbit height1；
Sb, width and first scanning time t according to interference type hyperspectral imager1Calculating V2；
Sc according to satellite sub-satellite point velocity V1And V2Calculating the sweeping speed V of the scanning mirror 13And the sweeping direction of the scanning reflector 1 and the satellite down-pointing velocity V1The included angle alpha of (A);
sd, adjusting the rotating shaft 5 of the scanning reflector 1 to enable the rotating shaft 5 of the scanning reflector 1 to be parallel to the short shaft of the scanning reflector 1, and enabling an included angle between the rotating shaft 5 and the satellite along the direction to be alpha-90 degrees;
se, adjusting the positions of the imaging system and the area array photoelectric detector 4, so that the ground projection graph of the area array photoelectric detector 4 is rectangular after passing through the optical system and the reflector, and the image spectrum dimension is superposed with the long side M of the rectangle;
Sf, correcting the satellite sub-satellite point velocity V according to the satellite drift angle parameter1Recalculating V2And according to the satellite down-satellite point velocity V1And V2Adjusting the sweeping speed V of the scanning mirror 13And a first scanning time t1。
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes will occur to those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A sweep type large-width hyperspectral imaging method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, constructing an optical system
Arranging a scanning reflector (1), an imaging system and an area array photoelectric detector (4) along a light path to complete the construction of an optical system; the imaging system comprises an interferometer (2) and a Fourier imaging mirror (3);
s2, spectral imaging
The method comprises the following steps that a target signal is subjected to object space multi-element sweeping in a cross-track direction along the width direction through a scanning reflector (1), the scanning reflector (1) performs multiple times of sweeping movement, during each time of sweeping movement, the scanning reflector moves back to an initial scanning position after forward scanning, meanwhile, hyperspectral imaging is performed on the target signal through a hyperspectral imager in the forward scanning process, and strip image data are obtained;
S3, data processing
S3.1, splicing a plurality of strip image data obtained by scanning the scanning reflector (1) for a plurality of times to obtain a ground object image;
and S3.2, processing the acquired ground object image through the area array photoelectric detector (4) to obtain a rectangular ground projection target.
2. The sweep-type large-width hyperspectral imaging method according to claim 1, characterized in that: in step S1, the optical system determines optical parameters of the optical system according to the predicted width, spatial resolution, and spectral resolution, and then determines the outer dimensions of the optical element of the scanning mirror (1) according to the optical parameters of the imaging system.
3. The sweep-type large-width hyperspectral imaging method according to claim 2, characterized in that: in step S1, the optical parameters include an optical system aperture, an optical system focal length, and a specification of the photodetector (4).
4. The sweep-type large-width hyperspectral imaging method according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that: in step S1, the optical parameters of the imaging system and the external dimensions of the optical elements of the scanning mirror (1) are obtained as follows:
s1.1, determining the specification of a photoelectric detector (4) according to the expected achieved width and spatial resolution, wherein the specification of the photoelectric detector (4) comprises the number of pixels and the size of the pixels of the photoelectric detector (4);
S1.2, determining the focal length and the caliber of an optical system according to the pixel number of the photoelectric detector (4), the predicted spatial resolution and the satellite orbit height;
s1.3, determining the wave band range, the shearing quantity, the number of sampling points and the size of the interferometer (2) in the imaging system according to the predicted spectral resolution, the optical system focal length and the optical system aperture;
s1.4, determining the external dimension of the scanning mirror (1) in the optical system according to the caliber of the optical system.
5. The sweep-type large-width hyperspectral imaging method according to claim 4, wherein the step S2 specifically comprises:
the velocity vector V of the satellite sub-satellite point in the satellite flight direction1And a first scanning time t1The internal scanning reflector (1) swings the velocity vector V3Synthesizing to obtain a scanning velocity vector V along the transverse direction of the ground object2；
The first scanning time t1The time of forward scanning is the time of each swing motion.
6. The sweep-type large-width hyperspectral imaging method according to claim 5, characterized in that: in step S2, the forward scan is then moved back to the start scan position in a reverse direction, wherein the speed of the reverse direction is such that the scan width of the previous forward scan and the next forward scan have scan line overlap.
7. The sweep-type large-width hyperspectral imaging method according to claim 6, characterized in that: in step S1, the specification of the area array photodetector (4) is M × N, where M is the total number of rows, the projection targets in the row direction coincide with the flight direction of the satellite, N is the total number of columns, the projection targets in the column direction are perpendicular to the flight direction of the satellite, and M > N.
8. The sweep-type large-width hyperspectral imaging method according to claim 7, characterized in that: in step S2, the forward scanning and the backward scanning return to the initial scanning position, and the first scanning time t of the forward scanning1Determined based on the expected width and scan line overlap requirements to be achieved.
9. The sweep-type large-width hyperspectral imaging method according to claim 8, characterized in that: in step S2, the step of moving the scanning mirror (1) in the reverse direction to the initial scanning position after the forward scanning further includes compensating the satellite drift angle error by adjusting the moving speed of the scanning mirror (1) to make the scanning speed vector V along the transverse direction of the ground object2The direction of the scanning mirror (1) is superposed with the column direction of the photoelectric detector (4), and the sweeping motion speed of the scanning mirror (1) meets the requirement of width.
10. The swept-type large-width hyperspectral imaging method according to claim 9, wherein: in step S2, the adjusting of the movement velocity of the scanning mirror (1) to compensate for the satellite bias current angle error specifically includes:
Sa, calculating the speed vector V of the satellite lower point according to the orbit altitude of the satellite1；
Sb, according to the width of the optical system and the first scanning time t1Calculating a scanning velocity vector V along the transverse direction of the ground object2；
Sc is based on the satellite sub-satellite point velocity vector V1And scanning velocity vector V along the transverse direction of the ground object2Calculating the sweeping velocity vector V of the scanning reflector (1)3And the sweep direction of the scanning mirror (1) and the velocity vector V of the satellite lower point1The included angle alpha of;
sd, adjusting a rotating shaft (5) of the scanning reflector (1) to enable the rotating shaft (5) of the scanning reflector (1) to be parallel to a short shaft of the scanning reflector (1), and enabling an included angle between the rotating shaft (5) and a satellite along the direction to be alpha-90 degrees;
se, adjusting the positions of the imaging system and the area array photoelectric detector (4) to ensure that the ground projection graph of the area array photoelectric detector (4) is rectangular, and the image spectrum dimension is superposed with the row total number M of the long side of the rectangle;
sf, correcting the satellite sub-satellite point velocity vector V according to the satellite drift angle parameter1Recalculating the scanning velocity vector V in the transverse direction of the ground object2And according to the satellite down-satellite point velocity vector V1And scanning velocity vector V along the transverse direction of the ground object2Adjusting the sweeping velocity vector V of the scanning mirror (1)3And a first scanning time t1。
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| CN115685535A (en) * | 2022-11-18 | 2023-02-03 | 中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所 | Dynamic scanning optical system based on optical fast-swinging mirror |
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