CN104143179A - Method for enhancing moving target through multi-linear-array time difference scanning expansion sampling - Google Patents
Method for enhancing moving target through multi-linear-array time difference scanning expansion sampling Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for enhancing a moving target through multi-linear-array time difference scanning expansion sampling. The method includes the steps that (1) a multi-linear-array time difference scanning expansion sampling detection device is constructed, and Nt detection arrays in each linear array detector in the multi-linear-array time difference scanning expansion sampling detection device are made to conduct imaging at the same time to obtain Nt groups of image data; (2) the Nt groups of image data of each linear array detector are processed to form a frame detection image; (3) after the preset sampling frequency is completed in the scanning direction, the frame detection images obtained by the linear array detectors correspondingly are spliced according to time to obtain two sub-pixel images; (4) non-uniformity correction is conducted on the two sub-pixel images respectively; (5) the sub-pixel image corresponding to the linear array detector which conducts imaging firstly is used as a standard, the sub-pixel image corresponding to the linear array detector which conducts imaging later is moved forwards in the scanning direction; (6) after the two sub-pixel images are matched, difference calculation is conducted to obtain a residual image; (7) enhancement processing is conducted on the residual image after filtering is conducted on the residual image.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to image processing field, relate to a kind of moving target Enhancement Method of multi-thread row moveout scan expansion sampling.
Background technology
Under complex background, the research of small and weak moving target Detection Techniques has important application in civilian, space flight and military affairs.Optical target sounding system is general adopts single detector to carry out detection imaging, and because image-forming range is far away, target is equivalent to a some source signal, lacks enough texture informations and shape information in detection image.Meanwhile, due to the impact of complex background clutter, the target signal to noise ratio in image is very low, and this has increased the difficulty of dim targets detection greatly.For improving target detection performance, need to carry out target to detection image and strengthen processing, improve target signal to noise ratio.Conventional target Enhancement Method has method, the method based on partial statistics, the method based on filtering, the method based on small echo based on histogram equalization, based on morphologic method etc., according to the imaging characteristic difference of target and background, image is divided into target and background two classes, carry out background inhibition, thereby realize target strengthens.Traditional method is to be based on the image that detector has obtained, adopt signal analysis, image processing method formula to carry out target enhancing, and do not utilize the movable information of target, so target enhancing effect has certain limitation.
Summary of the invention
Technology of the present invention is dealt with problems and is: overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, a kind of moving target enhancing technology of multi-thread row moveout scan expansion sampling is proposed, suppress complex background clutter, improve the signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) of target imaging detection image, realize moving target signal and strengthen.
Technical solution of the present invention is: a kind of moving target Enhancement Method of multi-thread row moveout scan expansion sampling, and step is as follows:
(1) construct multi-thread row moveout scan sniffer, this device comprises optical system, scanning mechanism and multi-thread row detector; Described scanning mechanism comprises pendulum mirror and drive shaft thereof; The angular scanning speed of described scanning mechanism is
distance d between two detector array wherein, the target minimum movement speed v of detection
min, optical system focal distance f, the ground sampled distance GSD of detector array; Described multi-thread row detector is two detector array, and detector array adopts N
tindividual detection array forms, and the instantaneous field of view that pixel is corresponding is IFOV, and adjacent two detection arrays are arranged in parallel, at the vertical scanning direction 1/N that staggers successively
tindividual pixel, and the detection array S that samples in direction of scanning, in a sampling length is set
tinferior; Described sampling length is the instantaneous field of view that pixel is corresponding; Described N
tbe more than or equal to 2; Described S
tspan is S
t>=2;
(2) optical system images in focal plane by scene in visual field together with scanning mechanism, drive shaft drives the rotation of pendulum mirror, scene imaging in linear field is with tandem two detector array on the inswept focal plane of certain speed, two detector array are to successively imaging of same position scene in visual field, imaging time interval
the angular scanning speed that wherein ω is scanning mechanism, d is distance between adjacent two detector array, f is optical system focal length; Each detector array adopts expansion sample mode to carry out imaging, i.e. N in each detector array
tthe imaging simultaneously of individual detection array, obtains N
tgroup view data; Proceed to immediately afterwards step (3); In this simultaneously, each detector array carries out scanning imagery according to the sampling interval that sampling number is corresponding is set in step (1) in direction of scanning, and each imaging obtains respectively N
tgroup view data, obtains proceeding to immediately step (3) after data;
(3) respectively by the N of two detector array
tgroup view data is alignd after splicing is processed and is formed a frame detection image;
(4) on direction of scanning, complete after default sampling number, the frame detection image that each detector array correspondence is obtained spliced and obtains two width subpixel images according to the time;
(5) adopt the synthetic correcting mode of moveout scan image, two width subpixel images are carried out to Nonuniformity Correction;
(6) two width subpixel images after step (5) processing are mated;
(7) two width images after step (6) processing are carried out to Difference Calculation, complete complex background and eliminate, obtain residual image;
(8) above-mentioned residual image is carried out to filtering, suppress the random noise in residual image;
(9) each pixel in the residual image after step (8) is processed is processed, i.e. the pixel value of pixel value * α+neighbours territory pixel of the pixel value=pending pixel of pending pixel after processing, and α is for strengthening coefficient.
After described step (5) Nonuniformity Correction, the subpixel image corresponding to detector array of formerly imaging of take is benchmark, and the subpixel image that the detector array of rear imaging is corresponding moves forward in direction of scanning
oK, L
pround numbers row, detector array array pixel dimension is a * a.
Nonuniformity correction in described step (5) adopts the synthetic mode of proofreading and correct of multi-thread row moveout scan image, and detailed process is as follows:
(5.1) two width subpixel images are intersected to splicing by row, form the new stitching image I of a width
p1;
(5.2) to stitching image I
p1each row image carry out Nonuniformity Correction, all row obtain row to the image I after nonuniformity correction after finishing dealing with
p2;
(5.3) according to the order of the row intersection splicing of two width images in step (5.1), from I
p2middlely extract respectively corresponding row image, rebuild two width and complete row to the subpixel image of Nonuniformity Correction;
(5.4) by complete row to two width subpixel images after nonuniformity correction by same direction half-twist respectively, repeating step (5.1)～(5.3), obtain proofreading and correct rear image I
p3;
(5.5) according to the order of the row intersection splicing of two width images in step (5.1), from I
p3middlely extract respectively corresponding row image, rebuild two width and complete row to the subpixel image of nonuniformity correction;
(5.6) by completing the capable two width subpixel images to nonuniformity correction by 90 ° of the opposite spins of step (5.4) rotation, two width subpixel images of row, column both direction nonuniformity correction have been obtained.
Image after step (9) is processed carries out gray scale stretching, to improve picture contrast.
The present invention's advantage is compared with prior art:
1, make full use of the motion feature of moving target, comprehensively carry out multi-thread row moveout scan imaging and data processing design, detection imaging technology and image processing techniques are organically combined, in the imaging stage, adopt expansion Sampling techniques extension point target size, in the data processing stage, pass through background technology for eliminating, suppress complex background, improve the contrast of target and background;
2, by the different disposal method of different phase, pass and closely carry out the enhancing of moving target signal, reach the ability that motive target imaging is surveyed signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) that improves, for small and weak moving target under complex background, survey solid foundation is provided;
3, the mode that adopts scanning mechanism to carry out active scan imaging, can meet on a large scale, the target of arbitrary motion direction strengthens; Can regulate sweep velocity according to the variation of target speed, meet the demand that different motion speed target strengthens;
4, because the explorer response of multi-thread row detector is inconsistent, cause two images that alignment becomes to exist overall intensity poor, the present invention adopts the synthetic mode of proofreading and correct of multi-thread row moveout scan image, can effectively reduce the gray scale difference between alignment image, make multi-thread row image in same tonal range, can improve the precision of sub-pix coupling.
When 5, two width subpixel images mate, can directly adopt conventional sub-pix matching process to mate, but matching efficiency and precision are lower; The present invention makes full use of the imaging mode that detector array is arranged feature and setting, and the subpixel image corresponding to detector array of formerly imaging of take is benchmark, and the subpixel image that the detector array of rear imaging is corresponding moves forward L in direction of scanning
poK, carry out two width Rapid Image Registrations, adopt again on this basis a sub-pix method for registering to mate, dwindle two width images match scopes, improve matching efficiency, reduce matching error, improve matching precision.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1,2 is two kinds of mode schematic diagram of the present invention's multi-thread row moveout scan expansion sampling sniffer;
Fig. 3 is process flow diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is that schematic diagram is processed in detector array two field picture splicing of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is that schematic diagram is processed in the splicing of the sub-pixel row of multi-thread row moveout scan two width of the present invention intersection;
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and example, the present invention is elaborated.A multi-thread row moveout scan moving target Enhancement Method, as shown in Figure 3, step is as follows for process flow diagram:
(1) construct multi-thread row moveout scan expansion sampling sniffer, this device comprises optical system 1, scanning mechanism 2 and multi-thread row detector 3; Described Scan Architecture comprises pendulum mirror and drive shaft thereof; Described multi-thread row detector is two detector array, and detector array adopts N
tindividual detection array forms, and the instantaneous field of view that pixel is corresponding is IFOV, and adjacent two detection arrays are arranged in parallel, at the vertical scanning direction 1/N that staggers successively
tindividual pixel, and the detection array S that samples in direction of scanning, in a sampling length is set
tinferior; Described sampling length is the instantaneous field of view that pixel is corresponding; The angular scanning speed of described moveout scan sniffer scanning mechanism is
distance d between two detector array wherein, the target minimum movement speed v of detection
min, optical system focal distance f, the ground sampled distance GSD of detector array; Described N
tbe more than or equal to 2; Described S
tspan is S
t>=2; Below with N
t=2 describe for example;
What Fig. 1 provided is front end scanning probe device; The incident light of the emittance information that comprises target and background converges to focal plane through pendulum mirror reflection by optical system 1, forms the picture of scenery, and drive shaft drives pendulum mirror according to default angular speed rotation, and the picture that makes scenery is inswept each detector array successively.When the picture of scenery is during with inswept one of them detector array of certain speed, detector is sampled to the picture of scenery.What Fig. 2 provided is rear-end scanning sniffer.The incident light of the emittance information that comprises target and background converges to pendulum mirror through optical system 1, through pendulum mirror, reflexes to focal plane, forms the picture of scenery.Drive shaft drives pendulum mirror according to default angular speed rotation, and the picture that makes scenery is inswept each detector array successively.When the picture of scenery is during with inswept one of them detector array of certain speed, detector is sampled to the picture of scenery;
In this example, optical system 1 is the optical system of typical Cassegrain form, by primary mirror and secondary mirror, formed, incident ray through primary mirror and secondary mirror reflection after converging, incide on detector array;
(2) optical system 1 together with scanning mechanism 2 by visual field in scene image in focal plane, drive shaft drives the rotation of pendulum mirror, scene imaging in linear field is with tandem two detector array on the inswept focal plane of certain speed, two detector array are to successively imaging of same position scene in visual field, imaging time interval
each detector array adopts expansion sample mode to carry out imaging, i.e. N in each detector array
tthe imaging simultaneously of individual detection array, obtains N
tgroup view data; Obtain entering immediately step (3) after view data; In this simultaneously, each detector array still according in step (1), arrange in a sampling length sampling number, in direction of scanning, carry out scanning imagery, each imaging obtains respectively N
tgroup view data, obtains proceeding to immediately step (3) after view data equally; For example, S can be set
t>=2, can realize the more than 2 times over-sampling of detector array on direction of scanning;
(3) respectively by the N of two detector array
tgroup view data is alignd after splicing is processed and is formed a frame detection image, and splicing is processed as shown in Figure 4, by N
tgroup pattern intersects splicing mutually.By splicing, processed and obtained sub-pixel frame detection image, realize target is in the stretching of vertical scanning direction;
(4), after default sampling number, the frame detection image that each detector array correspondence is obtained spliced and obtains two width subpixel images according to the time; Default desirable 200～300 row of sampling number, increase default sampling number and can increase scan image details, improve the precision that successive image is processed; Reduce the efficiency that default sampling number can improve data processing, therefore default sampling number can regulate according to actual conditions;
(5) adopt multi-thread row moveout scan image to synthesize correcting mode, two width subpixel images are carried out to Nonuniformity Correction, specific as follows:
(5.1) two width subpixel images are intersected to splicing by row, as shown in Figure 5, form the new stitching image I of a width
p1;
(5.2) to stitching image I
p1each row image carry out Nonuniformity Correction, all row obtain row to the image I after nonuniformity correction after finishing dealing with
p2; The poly-conventional Nonuniformity Correction method at present that adopts of this step, exceeds and is described;
(5.3) according to the order of the row intersection splicing of two width images in step (5.1), from I
p2middlely extract respectively corresponding row image, rebuild two width and complete row to the subpixel image of Nonuniformity Correction;
(5.4) by complete row to two width subpixel images after nonuniformity correction by same direction half-twist respectively, repeating step (5.1)～(5.3), obtain proofreading and correct rear image I
p3;
(5.5) according to the order of the row intersection splicing of two width images in step (5.1), from I
p3middlely extract respectively corresponding row image, rebuild two width and complete row to the subpixel image of nonuniformity correction;
(5.6) by completing the capable two width subpixel images to nonuniformity correction by 90 ° of the opposite spins of step (5.4) rotation, two width subpixel images of row, column both direction nonuniformity correction have been obtained;
(6) take the subpixel image corresponding to detector array of formerly imaging is benchmark, and the subpixel image that the detector array of rear imaging is corresponding moves forward in direction of scanning
oK, L
pround numbers row, detector array array pixel dimension is a * a;
(7) to two width subpixel images after step (6) processing, adopt sub-pix image registration algorithms to mate, specific as follows:
(7.11) take the subpixel image corresponding to detector array of first imaging is reference picture, and the subpixel image corresponding to detector array of rear imaging is image subject to registration;
(7.12) in reference picture, search for gradient largest block; Gradient largest block is defined as: the gradient image of computing reference two field picture, and the pixel logical value that the gradient that is greater than image gradient maximal value 4/5 is corresponding is labeled as 1, otherwise is labeled as 0, and the image of formation is called logical value image.Select suitably big or small window at logical value image slide, containing 1 maximum piece corresponding to window, be called gradient largest block.By the maximal value in comparison moving window, determine the position of gradient largest block.Window size is set up and is adopted 50 * 50;
(7.13) to the gradient largest block in (7.12), be to picture, adopt based on the relevant image matching algorithm of gray scale, carry out reference picture and mate with the sub-pix of image subject to registration.By reference picture being carried out to interpolation, obtain more intensive grid and supply target image search, obtain the registration accuracy of sub-pixel;
(7.14) registration parameter calculating according to (7.13), treats registering images and carries out image conversion, obtains the image after registration;
(8) two width images after step (7) processing are carried out to Difference Calculation, complete complex background and eliminate, obtain residual image;
(9) above-mentioned residual image is carried out to filtering, suppress the random noise in residual image.Each row (direction of scanning) to residual image, adopt moving window to process one by one all pixels.The size of moving window is elected odd number as, and in window, the energy datum of pixel is got median after arranging by size, as filtering base value.The energy datum of center pixel deducts filtering base value, obtains the energy datum after filtering is processed.By medium filtering, process and can effectively suppress the random noise in residual image.
In this step, except median filtering technology, also can adopt other filtering technique to suppress the random noise in residual image;
(10) each pixel in the residual image after step (9) is processed is processed, i.e. the pixel value of pixel value * α+neighbours territory pixel of the pixel value=pending pixel of pending pixel after processing, and α is for strengthening coefficient, and α generally gets 2～4;
(11) image after step (10) processing is carried out to gray scale stretching, to improve picture contrast, calculating formula is suc as formula (1)
I
en(x, y) for strengthening image, and I (x, y) is for not strengthening image, I
maxfor not strengthening the maximum gradation value in image, I
minfor not strengthening the minimum gradation value in image;
In this step, except linear stretch technology shown in employing formula (1), also can adopt other Nonlinear extension method to carry out gradation of image stretching.
The unspecified part of the present invention belongs to general knowledge as well known to those skilled in the art.
Claims (4)
1. the moving target Enhancement Method that multi-thread row moveout scan expansion is sampled, is characterized in that step is as follows:
(1) construct multi-thread row moveout scan sniffer, this device comprises optical system, scanning mechanism and multi-thread row detector; Described scanning mechanism comprises pendulum mirror and drive shaft thereof; The angular scanning speed of described scanning mechanism is
distance d between two detector array wherein, the target minimum movement speed v of detection
min, optical system focal distance f, the ground sampled distance GSD of detector array; Described multi-thread row detector is two detector array, and detector array adopts N
tindividual detection array forms, and the instantaneous field of view that pixel is corresponding is IFOV, and adjacent two detection arrays are arranged in parallel, at the vertical scanning direction 1/N that staggers successively
tindividual pixel, and the detection array S that samples in direction of scanning, in a sampling length is set
tinferior; Described sampling length is the instantaneous field of view that pixel is corresponding; Described N
tbe more than or equal to 2; Described S
tspan is S
t>=2;
(2) optical system images in focal plane by scene in visual field together with scanning mechanism, drive shaft drives the rotation of pendulum mirror, scene imaging in linear field is with tandem two detector array on the inswept focal plane of certain speed, two detector array are to successively imaging of same position scene in visual field, imaging time interval
the angular scanning speed that wherein ω is scanning mechanism, d is distance between adjacent two detector array, f is optical system focal length; Each detector array adopts expansion sample mode to carry out imaging, i.e. N in each detector array
tthe imaging simultaneously of individual detection array, obtains N
tgroup view data; Proceed to immediately afterwards step (3); In this simultaneously, each detector array carries out scanning imagery according to the sampling interval that sampling number is corresponding is set in step (1) in direction of scanning, and each imaging obtains respectively N
tgroup view data, obtains proceeding to immediately step (3) after data;
(3) respectively by the N of two detector array
tgroup view data is alignd after splicing is processed and is formed a frame detection image;
(4) on direction of scanning, complete after default sampling number, the frame detection image that each detector array correspondence is obtained spliced and obtains two width subpixel images according to the time;
(5) two width subpixel images are carried out to Nonuniformity Correction;
(6) two width subpixel images after step (5) processing are mated;
(7) two width images after step (6) processing are carried out to Difference Calculation, complete complex background and eliminate, obtain residual image;
(8) above-mentioned residual image is carried out to filtering, suppress the random noise in residual image;
(9) each pixel in the residual image after step (8) is processed is processed, i.e. the pixel value of pixel value * α+neighbours territory pixel of the pixel value=pending pixel of pending pixel after processing, and α is for strengthening coefficient.
2. the moving target Enhancement Method that a kind of multi-thread row moveout scan expansion according to claim 1 is sampled, it is characterized in that: after described step (5) Nonuniformity Correction, the subpixel image corresponding to detector array of formerly imaging of take is benchmark, and the subpixel image that the detector array of rear imaging is corresponding moves forward in direction of scanning
oK, L
pround numbers row, detector array array pixel dimension is a * a.
3. the moving target Enhancement Method that a kind of multi-thread row moveout scan expansion according to claim 1 and 2 is sampled, it is characterized in that: the nonuniformity correction in described step (5) adopts the synthetic mode of proofreading and correct of multi-thread row moveout scan image, and detailed process is as follows:
(5.1) two width subpixel images are intersected to splicing by row, form the new stitching image I of a width
p1;
(5.2) to stitching image I
p1each row image carry out Nonuniformity Correction, all row obtain row to the image I after nonuniformity correction after finishing dealing with
p2;
(5.3) according to the order of the row intersection splicing of two width images in step (5.1), from I
p2middlely extract respectively corresponding row image, rebuild two width and complete row to the subpixel image of Nonuniformity Correction;
(5.4) by complete row to two width subpixel images after nonuniformity correction by same direction half-twist respectively, repeating step (5.1)～(5.3), obtain proofreading and correct rear image I
p3;
(5.5) according to the order of the row intersection splicing of two width images in step (5.1), from I
p3middlely extract respectively corresponding row image, rebuild two width and complete row to the subpixel image of nonuniformity correction;
(5.6) by completing the capable two width subpixel images to nonuniformity correction by 90 ° of the opposite spins of step (5.4) rotation, two width subpixel images of row, column both direction nonuniformity correction have been obtained.
4. the moving target Enhancement Method of a kind of multi-thread row moveout scan expansion sampling according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that: the image after step (9) is processed carries out gray scale stretching, to improve picture contrast.
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