CN105589210B - Digital synthetic aperture imaging method based on pupil modulation - Google Patents

Digital synthetic aperture imaging method based on pupil modulation Download PDF

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CN105589210B
CN105589210B CN201610136793.9A CN201610136793A CN105589210B CN 105589210 B CN105589210 B CN 105589210B CN 201610136793 A CN201610136793 A CN 201610136793A CN 105589210 B CN105589210 B CN 105589210B
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mrow
pupil
aperture
msubsup
light field
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CN105589210A (en
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谢宗良
马浩统
任戈
亓波
史建亮
崔占刚
谭玉凤
王智鹏
何小君
董理
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Institute of Optics and Electronics of CAS
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02BOPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/58Optics for apodization or superresolution; Optical synthetic aperture systems
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02BOPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/0025Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00 for optical correction, e.g. distorsion, aberration

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  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
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Abstract

The invention relates to a digital synthetic aperture imaging method based on pupil modulation, which can restore the light field of a pupil, correct single aperture aberration, realize multi-aperture common phase and synthesize a high-resolution image. The invention utilizes an external diaphragm to modulate the pupil plane of each imaging subsystem, and reconstructs the light field of each pupil by utilizing a Fourier transform (FP) algorithm according to different modulation information (the position or the size of the aperture of the diaphragm) and the corresponding image; the Zernike polynomials are used for representing the phase distribution of the light field, the digital correction method is adopted for optimizing the image quality evaluation function, correcting the single aperture and the aberration among multiple apertures, and combining the light fields of the entrance pupils into a high-resolution image based on the digital imaging principle. The invention integrates light field reconstruction, aberration correction and synthesis imaging, and has the advantages of high imaging image resolution, compact optical path, simple device, low cost and the like.

Description

A kind of digitlization synthetic aperture imaging method based on pupil modulation
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of synthetic aperture imaging method, particularly a kind of synthetic aperture imaging based on pupil modulation is new Method, use and add modulation diaphragm to realize reconstruction of optical wave field, single aperture and multiple aperture aberration correction and synthesis in subsystem pupil plane Imaging, can reconstruct the light field of pupil, processing aberration correction is then digitized to light field, realize sub-aperture common phase position, And synthesize high-definition picture.
Background technology
Optical synthesis aperture technology is intended to synthesize large aperture system by optical instrument using the small-bore system easily manufactured, So as to meet high-resolution imaging requirements, solve the problems, such as that practical application intermediate-resolution is limited because of pore size.Synthesize hole Footpath imaging technique is generally divided into two kinds:Baseline interference synthetic aperture technology and sparse optical synthesis aperture technology.Compared to baseline Interference synthetic aperture technology obtains complex degree of coherence to be imaged by inverting interference fringe, and sparse optical synthesis aperture technology is then profit Directly synthesized to target imaging with multiple sub-apertures of space particular arrangement, there is sufficient flexibility, more conducively observation dynamic Target, therefore, the correlation theory of sparse optical synthesis aperture imaging system and technical research cause scholar's great interest in the industry, And fast development is got up in the world, it is in ground and space-based Large Telescope System, laser transmission, micro-imaging, three-dimensional imaging Had a wide range of applications Deng other technical field of imaging.
In order to play these features of sparse optical synthesis aperture system and advantage, need to realize sub-aperture in its application Between common phase, the key technology such as list aperture aberration correction.In order to break through these technical bottlenecks, scientists propose many solutions Certainly method.Adaptive optical technique is to eliminate the main stream approach that atmospheric turbulance influences at present, and it obtains ripple by wave front detector Front-distortion, recycle distorting lens correction.Although this method can compensate well for the phase distortion that atmospheric turbulance is brought, But the complexity and cost of whole system are added, is unfavorable for the application of synthetic aperture technique.Common phase between sub-aperture (Co-phasing), particularly significant for sparse optical synthesis aperture imaging system, the image field of system should be each subsystem The in-phase superposition of image field, it is synchronised if being unable to holding position between subsystem, the purpose of synthetic aperture can not be reached, can only play Improve the effect of luminous energy acceptance rate.The common phase between sub-aperture is realized, is critical to detect the translation phase error between sub-aperture. The common phase Detection Techniques that scientists propose at present have the detection technique based on position of interference fringe information, based on far field image point The detection technique of analysis and detection technique of utilization special optical instrument etc., these technologies can realize translation phase under certain condition The detection of position error, but the defects of common be present, i.e., light path used is complicated, and system price is expensive, and poor for applicability.It is and right The translation phase error detected and the bearing calibration taken also are the Mechanical course based on complexity mostly, to mechanical structure, system Making technique and control precision has very high requirement.
In order to simplify the system architecture of sparse synthetic aperture imaging technology, cost is reduced, difficulty is realized in reduction, expands synthesis The application field of aperture imaging technology, the present invention propose a kind of new method of the synthetic aperture imaging based on pupil modulation, passed through Add modulation diaphragm at the pupil of imaging len, rebuild pupil light field, correct single aperture aberration, realize sub-aperture common phase, go forward side by side Row compound imaging, the invention integrate light field reconstruction, aberration correction and compound imaging, have image resolution ratio height, light path tight Gather, the advantages that device is simple, cost is cheap.
The content of the invention
The problem of in order to overcome prior art to exist and the complexity realized, present invention fusion reconstruction of optical wave field, aberration school Just with compound imaging in one, there is provided a kind of simple and effective synthetic aperture imaging new method.The present invention utilizes external light Door screen is modulated to the pupil plane of each imaging subsystems, and according to different modulation intelligences, (diaphragm clear aperature position is big It is small) and its corresponding image, the light field of each subsystem pupil is reconstructed using FP algorithms, then place is digitized to light field Reason is realized common phase position, is synthesized high-definition picture with aberration correction.The invention can not only complete optics coherence tomography imaging, also right Incoherent imaging has certain applicability, light path simple and compact, is hardly limited by mechanical structure and manufacturing process.
The technical solution adopted by the present invention is:A kind of digitlization synthetic aperture imaging method based on pupil modulation, the party Method comprises the steps of:
The first step, using the active illumination target of laser 1, the reflected light of target enters each subsystem;
Second step, identical modulation is carried out to each subsystem, spatial modulation is carried out using the pupil of diaphragm sub-system, Modulation system is that lamination scans or changes pore size, and CCD records respective image;
3rd step, according to different modulation intelligences and its corresponding different images, recovered using FP Phase Retrieve Algorithms Go out the light field of each subsystem pupil;The phase distribution of light field is characterized using zernike polynomial, using less digit correction method, Optimize image quality evaluation function, aberration of the correction single aperture and between multiple aperture in itself;
Finally, each pupil light field is synthesized by high-resolution image using virtual image lens based on image-forming principle;
Wherein, FP Phase Retrieve Algorithms flow is as follows:
1) the light field function of i-th of aperture pupil of random initializtions
2) pupils light field obtains modulating light field after diaphragm:
A in formulakDiaphragm information function when (x, y) is kth time record light intensity, it is defined as:
3) modulates light fieldFocal plane is propagated to by lens, obtains the optical field distribution of focal plane:
λ is imaging optical wavelength in formula, and f is the focal length of imaging subsystems, and k is the wave number of light wave propagation,For Fourier Conversion,For the optical field amplitude of the focal plane of calculating,For the light field phase of the focal plane of calculating, Im,kFor kth time record Intensity signal, then with measurement amplitudeReplace the amplitude calculatedThe focal plane field distribution updated
4) is by renewalPupil plane is changed in inversion, the modulation light field updated:
5) is scanned for lamination and modulated, by pupil light fieldUsed corresponding to the part of diaphragm clear aperatureAppropriate section replace, obtain new pupil light fieldFor changing pore size modulation, the By pupil light field during an iterationUsed corresponding to the part of clear aperatureAppropriate section replace ObtainRemaining when willUsed corresponding to the annulus thang-kng part between two diaphragm clear aperaturesAppropriate section replace to obtain
6) 2)~5. is repeated above) step, until k=n, obtain
7) makesMore than repeating 2)~6) step, untilAmplitude and phase Convergence, obtains the pupil light field in i-th final of aperture
Wherein, according to the pupil light field in i-th of aperture of reconstructCorrect what the aperture was brought by atmospheric turbulance Aberration and the static aberration of itself, the light field phase distribution represented based on zernike polynomial are excellent using digital processing method Change image quality evaluation function S (), the phase distortion of pupil light field is corrected, so as to obtain optimal zernike coefficientFor:
Z in formulap(x, y) is pth rank zernike polynomial, and image quality evaluation function chooses the most frequently used S=∫ ∫ Iγ(x,y) Dxdy, then the pupil light field after i-th of aperture itself aberration correction be:
Wherein, according to the pupil light field after single aperture aberration correctionCorrect the translation phase between multiple aperture Position error and slanted phase error, it is with reference to aperture to choose first aperture, and all pupil light fields are synthesized together and carry out school Just, the synthesis light field from the 1st aperture to m-th of aperture is:
Using the method for optimizing image quality evaluation function, the zernike coefficient optimizedFor:
Each aperture optical field distribution of common phase is finally obtained, the light field of synthesis is:
According to the light field of synthesisDigital imagery is carried out to it using image-forming principle.
Wherein, this method for incoherent light occasion into when, it is necessary to required light field is resolved into multiple relevant sub-light fields, Light intensity is updated using the mixed state light intensity value of these sub-light fields and the proportionality coefficient of measurement light intensity value, so as to realize incoherent light Synthetic aperture imaging.
Wherein, this method can both use the method that lamination scans to modulate pupil to reconstruct the optical field distribution of pupil, The method for changing clear aperature size can also be used to modulate pupil to reconstruct the optical field distribution of pupil.
Wherein, this method can not only correct the aberration of single sub-aperture, may also correct for the aberration between multiple aperture, real Existing common phase, and the light field of each aperture pupil is passed through into digital processing compound imaging.
Wherein, this method can both use CCD to be placed in the light path of lens focus opening position, can also be placed in into using CCD Light path at image position, when being placed in the light path at image space using CCD, only formula (2) needs in FP algorithm iterations It is changed to save constant term phase and the form of amplitude factor:
F pin coordinates are changed to l' in a subsequent step, formula (3) needs to be changed to:
Compared with the light path that CCD is placed in lens focus opening position, the light path that CCD is placed at image space is more easy to control, can Strong operability.
Following technique effect can be reached using the present invention:
It is 1. proposed by the present invention to be based on light relative to the light channel structure that the sparse optical synthesis aperture imaging system of tradition is complicated The synthetic aperture imaging new method of pupil modulation, light path simple and compact used, using the side for adding modulation diaphragm at sub-aperture pupil Method combination FP algorithms complete the functions such as reconstruction of optical wave field, aberration correction, compound imaging simultaneously.
2. the synthetic aperture imaging new method proposed by the present invention based on pupil modulation, diaphragm information and is remembered using modulating The light field of the image reconstruction pupil of record, not using any wave front detector, the complexity and cost of system are reduced, and favorably In by the technology to multi-field popularization.Used FP algorithms, using the limitation of lamination, solve traditional GS algorithms well only The shortcomings that one property difference.
3. carrying out aberration correction relative to distorting lens is commonly used in the sparse optical synthesis aperture imaging system of tradition, the present invention proposes Based on pupil modulation synthetic aperture imaging new method, correct atmospheric turbulance band using the method for image sharpness digital processing The aberration and the static aberration in aperture itself come, greatly simplifies system, reduces cost.
4. relative to being used in the sparse optical synthesis aperture imaging system of tradition based on position of interference fringe information and spy The common phase Detection Techniques of different optical instrument, the synthetic aperture imaging new method based on pupil modulation of proposition is invented, using as clear The method of clear number of degrees word processing corrects the aberration between each sub-aperture, sub-aperture common phase position is realized, without complex hardware Structure, be advantageous to the popularization and application of technology.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is total system schematic diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the demonstration graph that scanning diaphragm controls in system;
Fig. 3 is the demonstration graph that iris diaphgram controls in system.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiment further illustrates the present invention.
The present invention proposes a kind of digitlization synthetic aperture imaging method based on pupil modulation, comprises the following steps that:
1. is calculated according to different modulation intelligences (clear aperature position or size) and its corresponding different images using FP Method recovers the light field of each aperture pupil.FP Phase Retrieve Algorithm flows are as follows:
1) the light field function of i-th of aperture pupil of random initializtions
2) pupils light field obtains modulating light field after diaphragm:
A in formulakDiaphragm information function when (x, y) is kth time record light intensity, it is defined as:
3) modulates light fieldFocal plane is propagated to by lens, obtains the optical field distribution of focal plane:
λ is imaging optical wavelength in formula, and f is the focal length of imaging subsystems, and k is the wave number of light wave propagation,For Fourier Leaf transformation,For the optical field amplitude of the focal plane of calculating,For the light field phase of the focal plane of calculating, Im,kFor kth time note The intensity signal of record, then with the amplitude of measurementReplace the amplitude calculatedThe focal plane field distribution updated
4) is by renewalPupil plane is changed in inversion, the modulation light field updated:
5) is scanned for lamination and modulated, by pupil light fieldUsed corresponding to the part of diaphragm clear aperatureAppropriate section replace, obtain new pupil light fieldFor changing pore size modulation, the By pupil light field during an iterationUsed corresponding to the part of clear aperatureAppropriate section replace ArriveRemaining when willUsed corresponding to the annulus thang-kng part between two diaphragm clear aperaturesAppropriate section replace to obtain
6) 2)~5. is repeated above) step, until k=n, obtain
7) makesMore than repeating 2)~6) step, untilAmplitude and phase Convergence, obtains the pupil light field in i-th final of aperture
2. is according to the pupil light field in i-th of aperture of reconstructCorrect the picture that the aperture is brought by atmospheric turbulance Difference and the static aberration of itself, the light field phase distribution represented based on zernike polynomial, using digital processing method, optimization Image quality evaluation function S (), the phase distortion of pupil light field is corrected, so as to obtain optimal zernike coefficientFor:
Z in formulap(x, y) is pth rank zernike polynomial, and image quality evaluation function chooses the most frequently used S=∫ ∫ Iγ(x,y) Dxdy, then the pupil light field after i-th of aperture itself aberration correction be:
3. is according to the pupil light field after single aperture aberration correctionCorrect the translation phase between multiple aperture Error and slanted phase error, it is with reference to aperture to choose first aperture, and all pupil light fields are synthesized together and are corrected, Synthesis light field from the 1st aperture to m-th of aperture is:
Using the method for optimizing image quality evaluation function, the zernike coefficient optimizedFor:
Each aperture optical field distribution of common phase is finally obtained, the light field of synthesis is:
4. is according to the light field of synthesisDigital imagery is carried out to it using image-forming principle.
5. if target scatterings light is incoherent light, the visual incoherent light is the superposition form of a variety of coherent lights, institute Can not directly carry out light intensity replacement in the light intensity renewal process of the algorithm more than, but need to resolve into required light field more Individual relevant sub-light field, light intensity is updated using the mixed state light intensity value of these sub-light fields and the proportionality coefficient of measurement light intensity value, from And realize the reconstruction of optical wave field of incoherent light.
Embodiment:
Synthesis aperture imaging system entirely based on pupil modulation more sub- imaging systems 2, modulates diaphragm by laser 1 3, CCD camera 4 and data processing terminal (typically using PC) composition, the operation principle of whole system are as shown in Figure 1:
Its specific course of work is:
1. being directed to each sub-aperture system, when using lamination scanning modulation, diaphragm clear aperature is controlled as shown in Figure 2, CCD camera records corresponding image;When using pore size modulation is changed, diaphragm clear aperature is controlled as shown in Figure 3, CCD records corresponding image.
2. according to modulation intelligence (position of clear aperature or size) and the image of corresponding record, in data processing terminal Pupil light field is reconstructed using FP algorithms.
3. the light field of pair each sub-aperture pupil carries out digital processing, the aberration that correction atmospheric turbulance is brought is quiet with itself State aberration, the aberration between correction multiple aperture that then sub-aperture light field is put together, realizes the common phase position of sub-aperture.
4. according to image-forming principle, each sub-aperture light field is synthesized into full resolution pricture using virtual lens.

Claims (5)

1. a kind of digitlization synthetic aperture imaging method based on pupil modulation, it is characterised in that the method includes the steps of:
The first step, using laser (1) active illumination target, the reflected light of target enters each subsystem;
Second step, identical modulation is carried out to each subsystem, space tune is carried out using the pupil of diaphragm (3) sub-system (2) System, modulation system are that lamination scans or changes pore size, and CCD (4) records respective image;
3rd step, according to different modulation intelligences and its corresponding different images, recovered often using FP Phase Retrieve Algorithms The light field of individual sub- system pupil;The phase distribution of light field is characterized using zernike polynomial, using less digit correction method, optimization Image quality evaluation function, aberration of the correction single aperture and between multiple aperture in itself;
Finally, each pupil light field is synthesized by high-resolution image using virtual image lens based on image-forming principle;
Wherein, FP Phase Retrieve Algorithms flow is as follows:
1) the light field function of i-th of aperture pupil of random initializtions
2) pupils light field obtains modulating light field after diaphragm:
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A in formulakDiaphragm information function when (x, y) is kth time record light intensity, it is defined as:
3) modulates light fieldFocal plane is propagated to by lens, obtains the optical field distribution of focal plane:
λ is imaging optical wavelength in formula, and f is the focal length of imaging subsystems, and k is the wave number of light wave propagation,Become for Fourier Change,For the optical field amplitude of the focal plane of calculating,For the light field phase of the focal plane of calculating, Im,kFor kth time record Intensity signal, then with the amplitude of measurementReplace the amplitude calculatedThe focal plane field distribution updated
4) is by renewalPupil plane is changed in inversion, the modulation light field updated:
5) is scanned for lamination and modulated, by pupil light fieldUsed corresponding to the part of diaphragm clear aperatureAppropriate section replace, obtain new pupil light fieldFor changing pore size modulation, the By pupil light field during an iterationUsed corresponding to the part of clear aperatureAppropriate section replace ArriveRemaining when willUsed corresponding to the annulus thang-kng part between two diaphragm clear aperaturesAppropriate section replace to obtain
6) 2)~5. is repeated above) step, until k=n, obtain
7) makesMore than repeating 2)~6) step, untilAmplitude and phase convergence, Obtain the pupil light field in i-th final of aperture
Wherein, according to the pupil light field in i-th of aperture of reconstructCorrect the aberration that the aperture is brought by atmospheric turbulance And the static aberration of itself, the light field phase distribution represented based on zernike polynomial, using digital processing method, optimize picture Matter evaluation function S (), the phase distortion of pupil light field is corrected, so as to obtain optimal zernike coefficientFor:
Z in formulap(x, y) is pth rank zernike polynomial, and image quality evaluation function chooses the most frequently used S=∫ ∫ Iγ(x, y) dxdy, then Pupil light field after i-th of aperture itself aberration correction is:
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Wherein, according to the pupil light field after single aperture aberration correctionThe translation phase corrected between multiple aperture is missed Difference and slanted phase error, it is with reference to aperture to choose first aperture, and all pupil light fields are synthesized together and are corrected, from The synthesis light field in the 1st aperture to m-th of aperture is:
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Using the method for optimizing image quality evaluation function, the zernike coefficient optimizedFor:
Each aperture optical field distribution of common phase is finally obtained, the light field of synthesis is:
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According to the light field of synthesisDigital imagery is carried out to it using image-forming principle.
2. the digitlization synthetic aperture imaging method according to claim 1 based on pupil modulation, it is characterised in that the party Method for incoherent light occasion into when, it is necessary to required light field is resolved into multiple relevant sub-light fields, utilize these sub-light fields The proportionality coefficient of mixed state light intensity value and measurement light intensity value updates light intensity, so as to realizing the synthetic aperture imaging of incoherent light.
3. the digitlization synthetic aperture imaging method according to claim 1 based on pupil modulation, it is characterised in that the party Method uses the method that lamination scans to modulate pupil to reconstruct the optical field distribution of pupil, or using change clear aperature size Method modulate pupil to reconstruct the optical field distribution of pupil.
4. the digitlization synthetic aperture imaging method according to claim 1 based on pupil modulation, it is characterised in that the party Method can correct the aberration of single sub-aperture, or can correct the aberration between multiple aperture, realize common phase, and by each aperture light The light field of pupil passes through digital processing compound imaging.
5. the digitlization synthetic aperture imaging method according to claim 1 based on pupil modulation, it is characterised in that the party Method is placed in the light path of lens focus opening position, or the light path being placed in using CCD at image space using CCD, is put when using CCD During light path at image space, in FP algorithm iterations only formula (2) need to be changed to save constant term phase and amplitude because The form of son:
F pin coordinates are changed to l' in a subsequent step, formula (3) needs to be changed to:
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