CN105589210B - Digital synthetic aperture imaging method based on pupil modulation - Google Patents
Digital synthetic aperture imaging method based on pupil modulation Download PDFInfo
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- 210000001747 pupil Anatomy 0.000 title claims abstract description 81
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 56
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- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 19
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- 238000013441 quality evaluation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000003475 lamination Methods 0.000 claims description 9
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- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 7
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/58—Optics for apodization or superresolution; Optical synthetic aperture systems
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
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Abstract
The invention relates to a digital synthetic aperture imaging method based on pupil modulation, which can restore the light field of a pupil, correct single aperture aberration, realize multi-aperture common phase and synthesize a high-resolution image. The invention utilizes an external diaphragm to modulate the pupil plane of each imaging subsystem, and reconstructs the light field of each pupil by utilizing a Fourier transform (FP) algorithm according to different modulation information (the position or the size of the aperture of the diaphragm) and the corresponding image; the Zernike polynomials are used for representing the phase distribution of the light field, the digital correction method is adopted for optimizing the image quality evaluation function, correcting the single aperture and the aberration among multiple apertures, and combining the light fields of the entrance pupils into a high-resolution image based on the digital imaging principle. The invention integrates light field reconstruction, aberration correction and synthesis imaging, and has the advantages of high imaging image resolution, compact optical path, simple device, low cost and the like.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of synthetic aperture imaging method, particularly a kind of synthetic aperture imaging based on pupil modulation is new
Method, use and add modulation diaphragm to realize reconstruction of optical wave field, single aperture and multiple aperture aberration correction and synthesis in subsystem pupil plane
Imaging, can reconstruct the light field of pupil, processing aberration correction is then digitized to light field, realize sub-aperture common phase position,
And synthesize high-definition picture.
Background technology
Optical synthesis aperture technology is intended to synthesize large aperture system by optical instrument using the small-bore system easily manufactured,
So as to meet high-resolution imaging requirements, solve the problems, such as that practical application intermediate-resolution is limited because of pore size.Synthesize hole
Footpath imaging technique is generally divided into two kinds：Baseline interference synthetic aperture technology and sparse optical synthesis aperture technology.Compared to baseline
Interference synthetic aperture technology obtains complex degree of coherence to be imaged by inverting interference fringe, and sparse optical synthesis aperture technology is then profit
Directly synthesized to target imaging with multiple sub-apertures of space particular arrangement, there is sufficient flexibility, more conducively observation dynamic
Target, therefore, the correlation theory of sparse optical synthesis aperture imaging system and technical research cause scholar's great interest in the industry,
And fast development is got up in the world, it is in ground and space-based Large Telescope System, laser transmission, micro-imaging, three-dimensional imaging
Had a wide range of applications Deng other technical field of imaging.
In order to play these features of sparse optical synthesis aperture system and advantage, need to realize sub-aperture in its application
Between common phase, the key technology such as list aperture aberration correction.In order to break through these technical bottlenecks, scientists propose many solutions
Certainly method.Adaptive optical technique is to eliminate the main stream approach that atmospheric turbulance influences at present, and it obtains ripple by wave front detector
Front-distortion, recycle distorting lens correction.Although this method can compensate well for the phase distortion that atmospheric turbulance is brought,
But the complexity and cost of whole system are added, is unfavorable for the application of synthetic aperture technique.Common phase between sub-aperture
(Co-phasing), particularly significant for sparse optical synthesis aperture imaging system, the image field of system should be each subsystem
The in-phase superposition of image field, it is synchronised if being unable to holding position between subsystem, the purpose of synthetic aperture can not be reached, can only play
Improve the effect of luminous energy acceptance rate.The common phase between sub-aperture is realized, is critical to detect the translation phase error between sub-aperture.
The common phase Detection Techniques that scientists propose at present have the detection technique based on position of interference fringe information, based on far field image point
The detection technique of analysis and detection technique of utilization special optical instrument etc., these technologies can realize translation phase under certain condition
The detection of position error, but the defects of common be present, i.e., light path used is complicated, and system price is expensive, and poor for applicability.It is and right
The translation phase error detected and the bearing calibration taken also are the Mechanical course based on complexity mostly, to mechanical structure, system
Making technique and control precision has very high requirement.
In order to simplify the system architecture of sparse synthetic aperture imaging technology, cost is reduced, difficulty is realized in reduction, expands synthesis
The application field of aperture imaging technology, the present invention propose a kind of new method of the synthetic aperture imaging based on pupil modulation, passed through
Add modulation diaphragm at the pupil of imaging len, rebuild pupil light field, correct single aperture aberration, realize sub-aperture common phase, go forward side by side
Row compound imaging, the invention integrate light field reconstruction, aberration correction and compound imaging, have image resolution ratio height, light path tight
Gather, the advantages that device is simple, cost is cheap.
The content of the invention
The problem of in order to overcome prior art to exist and the complexity realized, present invention fusion reconstruction of optical wave field, aberration school
Just with compound imaging in one, there is provided a kind of simple and effective synthetic aperture imaging new method.The present invention utilizes external light
Door screen is modulated to the pupil plane of each imaging subsystems, and according to different modulation intelligences, (diaphragm clear aperature position is big
It is small) and its corresponding image, the light field of each subsystem pupil is reconstructed using FP algorithms, then place is digitized to light field
Reason is realized common phase position, is synthesized high-definition picture with aberration correction.The invention can not only complete optics coherence tomography imaging, also right
Incoherent imaging has certain applicability, light path simple and compact, is hardly limited by mechanical structure and manufacturing process.
The technical solution adopted by the present invention is：A kind of digitlization synthetic aperture imaging method based on pupil modulation, the party
Method comprises the steps of：
The first step, using the active illumination target of laser 1, the reflected light of target enters each subsystem；
Second step, identical modulation is carried out to each subsystem, spatial modulation is carried out using the pupil of diaphragm sub-system,
Modulation system is that lamination scans or changes pore size, and CCD records respective image；
3rd step, according to different modulation intelligences and its corresponding different images, recovered using FP Phase Retrieve Algorithms
Go out the light field of each subsystem pupil；The phase distribution of light field is characterized using zernike polynomial, using less digit correction method,
Optimize image quality evaluation function, aberration of the correction single aperture and between multiple aperture in itself；
Finally, each pupil light field is synthesized by high-resolution image using virtual image lens based on image-forming principle；
Wherein, FP Phase Retrieve Algorithms flow is as follows：
1) the light field function of i-th of aperture pupil of random initializtions
2) pupils light field obtains modulating light field after diaphragm：
A in formulakDiaphragm information function when (x, y) is kth time record light intensity, it is defined as：
3) modulates light fieldFocal plane is propagated to by lens, obtains the optical field distribution of focal plane：
λ is imaging optical wavelength in formula, and f is the focal length of imaging subsystems, and k is the wave number of light wave propagation,For Fourier
Conversion,For the optical field amplitude of the focal plane of calculating,For the light field phase of the focal plane of calculating, Im,kFor kth time record
Intensity signal, then with measurement amplitudeReplace the amplitude calculatedThe focal plane field distribution updated
4) is by renewalPupil plane is changed in inversion, the modulation light field updated：
5) is scanned for lamination and modulated, by pupil light fieldUsed corresponding to the part of diaphragm clear aperatureAppropriate section replace, obtain new pupil light fieldFor changing pore size modulation, the
By pupil light field during an iterationUsed corresponding to the part of clear aperatureAppropriate section replace
ObtainRemaining when willUsed corresponding to the annulus thang-kng part between two diaphragm clear aperaturesAppropriate section replace to obtain
6) 2)~5. is repeated above) step, until k=n, obtain
7) makesMore than repeating 2)~6) step, untilAmplitude and phase
Convergence, obtains the pupil light field in i-th final of aperture
Wherein, according to the pupil light field in i-th of aperture of reconstructCorrect what the aperture was brought by atmospheric turbulance
Aberration and the static aberration of itself, the light field phase distribution represented based on zernike polynomial are excellent using digital processing method
Change image quality evaluation function S (), the phase distortion of pupil light field is corrected, so as to obtain optimal zernike coefficientFor：
Z in formulap(x, y) is pth rank zernike polynomial, and image quality evaluation function chooses the most frequently used S=∫ ∫ Iγ(x,y)
Dxdy, then the pupil light field after i-th of aperture itself aberration correction be：
Wherein, according to the pupil light field after single aperture aberration correctionCorrect the translation phase between multiple aperture
Position error and slanted phase error, it is with reference to aperture to choose first aperture, and all pupil light fields are synthesized together and carry out school
Just, the synthesis light field from the 1st aperture to m-th of aperture is：
Using the method for optimizing image quality evaluation function, the zernike coefficient optimizedFor：
Each aperture optical field distribution of common phase is finally obtained, the light field of synthesis is：
According to the light field of synthesisDigital imagery is carried out to it using image-forming principle.
Wherein, this method for incoherent light occasion into when, it is necessary to required light field is resolved into multiple relevant sub-light fields,
Light intensity is updated using the mixed state light intensity value of these sub-light fields and the proportionality coefficient of measurement light intensity value, so as to realize incoherent light
Synthetic aperture imaging.
Wherein, this method can both use the method that lamination scans to modulate pupil to reconstruct the optical field distribution of pupil,
The method for changing clear aperature size can also be used to modulate pupil to reconstruct the optical field distribution of pupil.
Wherein, this method can not only correct the aberration of single sub-aperture, may also correct for the aberration between multiple aperture, real
Existing common phase, and the light field of each aperture pupil is passed through into digital processing compound imaging.
Wherein, this method can both use CCD to be placed in the light path of lens focus opening position, can also be placed in into using CCD
Light path at image position, when being placed in the light path at image space using CCD, only formula (2) needs in FP algorithm iterations
It is changed to save constant term phase and the form of amplitude factor：
F pin coordinates are changed to l' in a subsequent step, formula (3) needs to be changed to：
Compared with the light path that CCD is placed in lens focus opening position, the light path that CCD is placed at image space is more easy to control, can
Strong operability.
Following technique effect can be reached using the present invention：
It is 1. proposed by the present invention to be based on light relative to the light channel structure that the sparse optical synthesis aperture imaging system of tradition is complicated
The synthetic aperture imaging new method of pupil modulation, light path simple and compact used, using the side for adding modulation diaphragm at sub-aperture pupil
Method combination FP algorithms complete the functions such as reconstruction of optical wave field, aberration correction, compound imaging simultaneously.
2. the synthetic aperture imaging new method proposed by the present invention based on pupil modulation, diaphragm information and is remembered using modulating
The light field of the image reconstruction pupil of record, not using any wave front detector, the complexity and cost of system are reduced, and favorably
In by the technology to multi-field popularization.Used FP algorithms, using the limitation of lamination, solve traditional GS algorithms well only
The shortcomings that one property difference.
3. carrying out aberration correction relative to distorting lens is commonly used in the sparse optical synthesis aperture imaging system of tradition, the present invention proposes
Based on pupil modulation synthetic aperture imaging new method, correct atmospheric turbulance band using the method for image sharpness digital processing
The aberration and the static aberration in aperture itself come, greatly simplifies system, reduces cost.
4. relative to being used in the sparse optical synthesis aperture imaging system of tradition based on position of interference fringe information and spy
The common phase Detection Techniques of different optical instrument, the synthetic aperture imaging new method based on pupil modulation of proposition is invented, using as clear
The method of clear number of degrees word processing corrects the aberration between each sub-aperture, sub-aperture common phase position is realized, without complex hardware
Structure, be advantageous to the popularization and application of technology.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is total system schematic diagram of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the demonstration graph that scanning diaphragm controls in system；
Fig. 3 is the demonstration graph that iris diaphgram controls in system.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiment further illustrates the present invention.
The present invention proposes a kind of digitlization synthetic aperture imaging method based on pupil modulation, comprises the following steps that：
1. is calculated according to different modulation intelligences (clear aperature position or size) and its corresponding different images using FP
Method recovers the light field of each aperture pupil.FP Phase Retrieve Algorithm flows are as follows：
1) the light field function of i-th of aperture pupil of random initializtions
2) pupils light field obtains modulating light field after diaphragm：
A in formulakDiaphragm information function when (x, y) is kth time record light intensity, it is defined as：
3) modulates light fieldFocal plane is propagated to by lens, obtains the optical field distribution of focal plane：
λ is imaging optical wavelength in formula, and f is the focal length of imaging subsystems, and k is the wave number of light wave propagation,For Fourier
Leaf transformation,For the optical field amplitude of the focal plane of calculating,For the light field phase of the focal plane of calculating, Im,kFor kth time note
The intensity signal of record, then with the amplitude of measurementReplace the amplitude calculatedThe focal plane field distribution updated
4) is by renewalPupil plane is changed in inversion, the modulation light field updated：
5) is scanned for lamination and modulated, by pupil light fieldUsed corresponding to the part of diaphragm clear aperatureAppropriate section replace, obtain new pupil light fieldFor changing pore size modulation, the
By pupil light field during an iterationUsed corresponding to the part of clear aperatureAppropriate section replace
ArriveRemaining when willUsed corresponding to the annulus thang-kng part between two diaphragm clear aperaturesAppropriate section replace to obtain
6) 2)~5. is repeated above) step, until k=n, obtain
7) makesMore than repeating 2)~6) step, untilAmplitude and phase
Convergence, obtains the pupil light field in i-th final of aperture
2. is according to the pupil light field in i-th of aperture of reconstructCorrect the picture that the aperture is brought by atmospheric turbulance
Difference and the static aberration of itself, the light field phase distribution represented based on zernike polynomial, using digital processing method, optimization
Image quality evaluation function S (), the phase distortion of pupil light field is corrected, so as to obtain optimal zernike coefficientFor：
Z in formulap(x, y) is pth rank zernike polynomial, and image quality evaluation function chooses the most frequently used S=∫ ∫ Iγ(x,y)
Dxdy, then the pupil light field after i-th of aperture itself aberration correction be：
3. is according to the pupil light field after single aperture aberration correctionCorrect the translation phase between multiple aperture
Error and slanted phase error, it is with reference to aperture to choose first aperture, and all pupil light fields are synthesized together and are corrected,
Synthesis light field from the 1st aperture to m-th of aperture is：
Using the method for optimizing image quality evaluation function, the zernike coefficient optimizedFor：
Each aperture optical field distribution of common phase is finally obtained, the light field of synthesis is：
4. is according to the light field of synthesisDigital imagery is carried out to it using image-forming principle.
5. if target scatterings light is incoherent light, the visual incoherent light is the superposition form of a variety of coherent lights, institute
Can not directly carry out light intensity replacement in the light intensity renewal process of the algorithm more than, but need to resolve into required light field more
Individual relevant sub-light field, light intensity is updated using the mixed state light intensity value of these sub-light fields and the proportionality coefficient of measurement light intensity value, from
And realize the reconstruction of optical wave field of incoherent light.
Embodiment：
Synthesis aperture imaging system entirely based on pupil modulation more sub- imaging systems 2, modulates diaphragm by laser 1
3, CCD camera 4 and data processing terminal (typically using PC) composition, the operation principle of whole system are as shown in Figure 1：
Its specific course of work is：
1. being directed to each sub-aperture system, when using lamination scanning modulation, diaphragm clear aperature is controlled as shown in Figure 2,
CCD camera records corresponding image；When using pore size modulation is changed, diaphragm clear aperature is controlled as shown in Figure 3,
CCD records corresponding image.
2. according to modulation intelligence (position of clear aperature or size) and the image of corresponding record, in data processing terminal
Pupil light field is reconstructed using FP algorithms.
3. the light field of pair each sub-aperture pupil carries out digital processing, the aberration that correction atmospheric turbulance is brought is quiet with itself
State aberration, the aberration between correction multiple aperture that then sub-aperture light field is put together, realizes the common phase position of sub-aperture.
4. according to image-forming principle, each sub-aperture light field is synthesized into full resolution pricture using virtual lens.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of digitlization synthetic aperture imaging method based on pupil modulation, it is characterised in that the method includes the steps of：
The first step, using laser (1) active illumination target, the reflected light of target enters each subsystem；
Second step, identical modulation is carried out to each subsystem, space tune is carried out using the pupil of diaphragm (3) sub-system (2)
System, modulation system are that lamination scans or changes pore size, and CCD (4) records respective image；
3rd step, according to different modulation intelligences and its corresponding different images, recovered often using FP Phase Retrieve Algorithms
The light field of individual sub- system pupil；The phase distribution of light field is characterized using zernike polynomial, using less digit correction method, optimization
Image quality evaluation function, aberration of the correction single aperture and between multiple aperture in itself；
Finally, each pupil light field is synthesized by high-resolution image using virtual image lens based on image-forming principle；
Wherein, FP Phase Retrieve Algorithms flow is as follows：
1) the light field function of i-th of aperture pupil of random initializtions
2) pupils light field obtains modulating light field after diaphragm：
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A in formulakDiaphragm information function when (x, y) is kth time record light intensity, it is defined as：
3) modulates light fieldFocal plane is propagated to by lens, obtains the optical field distribution of focal plane：
λ is imaging optical wavelength in formula, and f is the focal length of imaging subsystems, and k is the wave number of light wave propagation,Become for Fourier
Change,For the optical field amplitude of the focal plane of calculating,For the light field phase of the focal plane of calculating, Im,kFor kth time record
Intensity signal, then with the amplitude of measurementReplace the amplitude calculatedThe focal plane field distribution updated
4) is by renewalPupil plane is changed in inversion, the modulation light field updated：
5) is scanned for lamination and modulated, by pupil light fieldUsed corresponding to the part of diaphragm clear aperatureAppropriate section replace, obtain new pupil light fieldFor changing pore size modulation, the
By pupil light field during an iterationUsed corresponding to the part of clear aperatureAppropriate section replace
ArriveRemaining when willUsed corresponding to the annulus thang-kng part between two diaphragm clear aperaturesAppropriate section replace to obtain
6) 2)~5. is repeated above) step, until k=n, obtain
7) makesMore than repeating 2)~6) step, untilAmplitude and phase convergence,
Obtain the pupil light field in i-th final of aperture
Wherein, according to the pupil light field in i-th of aperture of reconstructCorrect the aberration that the aperture is brought by atmospheric turbulance
And the static aberration of itself, the light field phase distribution represented based on zernike polynomial, using digital processing method, optimize picture
Matter evaluation function S (), the phase distortion of pupil light field is corrected, so as to obtain optimal zernike coefficientFor：
Z in formulap(x, y) is pth rank zernike polynomial, and image quality evaluation function chooses the most frequently used S=∫ ∫ Iγ(x, y) dxdy, then
Pupil light field after i-th of aperture itself aberration correction is：
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Wherein, according to the pupil light field after single aperture aberration correctionThe translation phase corrected between multiple aperture is missed
Difference and slanted phase error, it is with reference to aperture to choose first aperture, and all pupil light fields are synthesized together and are corrected, from
The synthesis light field in the 1st aperture to m-th of aperture is：
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Using the method for optimizing image quality evaluation function, the zernike coefficient optimizedFor：
Each aperture optical field distribution of common phase is finally obtained, the light field of synthesis is：
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According to the light field of synthesisDigital imagery is carried out to it using image-forming principle.
2. the digitlization synthetic aperture imaging method according to claim 1 based on pupil modulation, it is characterised in that the party
Method for incoherent light occasion into when, it is necessary to required light field is resolved into multiple relevant sub-light fields, utilize these sub-light fields
The proportionality coefficient of mixed state light intensity value and measurement light intensity value updates light intensity, so as to realizing the synthetic aperture imaging of incoherent light.
3. the digitlization synthetic aperture imaging method according to claim 1 based on pupil modulation, it is characterised in that the party
Method uses the method that lamination scans to modulate pupil to reconstruct the optical field distribution of pupil, or using change clear aperature size
Method modulate pupil to reconstruct the optical field distribution of pupil.
4. the digitlization synthetic aperture imaging method according to claim 1 based on pupil modulation, it is characterised in that the party
Method can correct the aberration of single sub-aperture, or can correct the aberration between multiple aperture, realize common phase, and by each aperture light
The light field of pupil passes through digital processing compound imaging.
5. the digitlization synthetic aperture imaging method according to claim 1 based on pupil modulation, it is characterised in that the party
Method is placed in the light path of lens focus opening position, or the light path being placed in using CCD at image space using CCD, is put when using CCD
During light path at image space, in FP algorithm iterations only formula (2) need to be changed to save constant term phase and amplitude because
The form of son：
F pin coordinates are changed to l' in a subsequent step, formula (3) needs to be changed to：
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| CN107894326B (en) * | 2017-10-31 | 2020-04-03 | 中国科学院光电技术研究所 | Splicing main mirror common-phase error detection method based on multi-wavelength phase modulation |
| CN108956624B (en) * | 2018-07-06 | 2023-12-19 | 北京兆维智能装备有限公司 | Breadth-adjustable linear array camera mechanism and visual detection system |
| CN110646947B (en) * | 2019-09-11 | 2021-08-13 | 中国科学院光电技术研究所 | Pupil space modulation device and method |
| CN111182238B (en) * | 2019-11-15 | 2023-04-18 | 浙江荷湖科技有限公司 | High-resolution mobile electronic equipment imaging device and method based on scanning light field |
| CN111580271B (en) * | 2020-06-24 | 2022-02-18 | 哈工大机器人(中山)无人装备与人工智能研究院 | Self-adaptive aberration correction method and light sheet microscopic imaging device based on same |
| CN112033647B (en) * | 2020-08-27 | 2022-08-02 | 中国科学院光电技术研究所 | Multi-aperture system pupil detection and correction method |
| CN113938193B (en) * | 2021-10-11 | 2023-11-17 | 吉林大学 | Mode diversity space laser communication system and method combining single PD detection with K-K light field recovery |
| CN114022365B (en) * | 2021-11-25 | 2023-05-26 | 中国科学院光电技术研究所 | Gradient-descent speckle illumination super-resolution target reconstruction method |
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