CN107739363B - 一种钴基催化剂制备环状碳酸酯的方法 - Google Patents

一种钴基催化剂制备环状碳酸酯的方法 Download PDF

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CN107739363B
CN107739363B CN201711273407.1A CN201711273407A CN107739363B CN 107739363 B CN107739363 B CN 107739363B CN 201711273407 A CN201711273407 A CN 201711273407A CN 107739363 B CN107739363 B CN 107739363B
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张晓峰
翟圣国
陈垒
曹毅
王延伟
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Zhengzhou Haotian Intelligent Technology Co.,Ltd.
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种钴基催化剂制备环状碳酸酯的方法,利用二氧化碳和环氧化物作为原料,以共轭钴卟啉联吡啶/共轭钴卟啉联吡咯微孔聚合物材料为多相催化剂,四正丁基溴化铵为助催化剂,在常温常压无溶剂下,实现了高效绿色催化合成环状碳酸酯。该方法的主要优点是催化剂制备方法简单,成本低,催化活性高,结构性能稳定,易回收,可重复利用;反应条件温和、速率快及操作安全,适用于大规模工业化生产。

Description

一种钴基催化剂制备环状碳酸酯的方法
技术领域
本发明属于有机合成技术领域,具体涉及一种钴基催化剂制备环状碳酸酯的方法。
背景技术
随着社会的发展人类文明的进步,尤其是工业的日新月异的大发展,对于化石能源的消耗需求日益增大。随着化石燃料的大量使用,二氧化碳的浓度快速升高,成为一种主要温室气体,引起一系列环境和生态问题。同时,二氧化碳作为一种分布广泛、储量丰富、廉价易得、可再生、无毒、不可燃的理想碳一资源。无论从环境保护还是可再生资源利用的角度考虑,二氧化碳的捕获和化学转化方面的研究都具有重要意义。以二氧化碳为原料合成有机碳酸酯就是其资源化利用的一个典型例子,目前已经实现了工业化生产。
有机碳酸酯是一类具有高沸点、低蒸汽压、低毒等特性的绿色化学品,广泛用于有机溶剂、洗涤剂、锂电池电解液、燃料添加剂等多个领域。有机碳酸酯可以分为链状碳酸酯和环状碳酸酯。其中环状碳酸酯广泛用作锂电池的电解液,随着新能源的快速发展,市场对于高品质环状碳酸酯的需求量越来越大。
从绿色化学和可持续发展的角度来讲,以二氧化碳和环氧化物为原料合成碳酸酯提供了一种安全、清洁、可持续、高原子经济性的新途径。目前已经工业化的二氧化碳和环氧制备环状碳酸酯的过程主要有两种催化体系:聚乙二醇/碘化钾体系和季铵盐体系。前者在反应过程中会生成单质碘,造成成品发黄,产品质量下降;而后者在反应过程中需要的压力较高,对生产操作的安全性,设备耐压性能的要求较高,设备成本高。
目前,在以CO2和环状碳酸酯为原料,合成环状碳酸酯的反应体系中,已经开发出一系列催化剂,如季铵盐、季鏻盐、有机碱、离子液体、金属氧化物、金属配合物、功能性有机聚合材料和金属卟啉等。2013年,Deng et al.的研究小组以salen Al/Co和三乙炔苯为单体,通过Sonogashira偶联反应,制备了微孔聚合物催化剂Al-CMP和Co-CMP,在该反应体系中取得了较好的催化效果,并且在常温常压条件下就可取的不错的产率,同时催化剂还可循环回收利用[Nat.Commun.,2013,4,1-7]。2016年,肖丰收教授课题组以四乙烯基钴卟啉为单体,通过自由基聚合的方法,制得催化剂Co/POP-TPP,在29℃,压力为0.1MPa时,反应24h,取得了满意的结果,催化剂能够循环回收使用,并且将低浓度CO2作为研究对象,具有一定的工业应用价值[J.Catal.,2016,338,202]。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是针对目前该反应体系存在温和条件下效率不高的问题,提供一种合成步骤简单、原料廉价易得、催化效率高、稳定易回收的多相催化剂,在常温常压、无溶剂条件下,高效催化转化为环状碳酸酯,可以广泛应用于工业生产领域。
为解决上述技术问题,本发明采用以下技术方案:
一种钴基催化剂制备环状碳酸酯的方法,以二氧化碳和环氧化物作为原料,以共轭钴卟啉联吡啶/共轭钴卟啉联吡咯微孔聚合物材料为多相催化剂,四正丁基溴化铵为助催化剂,在常温常压无溶剂下,反应12-48h,高收率地合成了环状碳酸酯,多相催化剂分离简单,可洗涤回收,且能够实现多次重复使用。
所述共轭钴卟啉联吡啶微孔聚合物材料采用Scholl偶联反应,以钴四苯基卟啉及2,2-联吡啶为单体,使用低成本的的无水AlCl3催化剂制备得到,其结构式如下:
Figure 100002_DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
所述共轭钴卟啉联吡咯微孔聚合物材料采用 Scholl 偶联反应,以钴四苯基卟啉和吡咯为单体,使用无水AlCl3催化剂制备得到,其结构式如下:
Figure 19360DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
所述的环氧化合物为环氧丙烷、环氧丁烷、环氧氯丙烷、环氧溴丙烷、氧化苯乙烯、苯基缩水甘油醚或氧化环己烯。
所述多相催化剂活性组分的用量为环氧化合物用量的0.2~0.5mol%。
所述助催化剂的用量为环氧化物的3.6~7.2mol%。
本发明的有益效果是:1)本发明利用共轭钴卟啉联吡啶/共轭钴卟啉联吡咯微孔聚合物材料和四正丁基溴化铵作为双组份催化剂,实现了常温常压条件下,高效催化CO2和环氧化物合成环状碳酸酯,节省了大量能源,降低了对生产中压力设备的要求,大大提高了操作的安全性;2)催化剂用量低、催化效率高、反应时间短、产物易于分离纯化,便于实际工业操作;3)不需要添加任何有机溶剂,绿色环保;4)所使用的催化剂原料易得、成本低、合成快速简单。
具体实施方式
本发明在以下实施例中作进一步的说明,但这些实施例仅为示例说明之用,不应被解释为本发明的实施限制。
实施例1
本实施例的钴基催化剂制备环状碳酸酯的方法,其特征在于步骤如下:
向10mL的不锈钢高压反应釜中,依次加入50mg(活性组分钴0.5mol%)的催化剂共轭钴卟啉联吡啶微孔聚合物材料,12.5mmol环氧丙烷和0.9mmol助催化剂四正丁基溴化铵,通入二氧化碳并保持压力为0.1MPa,在温度为25℃条件下,搅拌12h后,室温冷却,缓慢释放剩余的二氧化碳后,过滤分离出催化剂,纯化后得环状碳酸酯的分离产率为99%。
实施例2
本实施例的钴基催化剂制备环状碳酸酯的方法,其特征在于步骤如下:
向10mL的不锈钢高压反应釜中,依次加入50mg(活性组分钴0.3mol%)的催化剂共轭钴卟啉联吡啶微孔聚合物材料,12.5mmol环氧丁烷和0.9mmol助催化剂四正丁基溴化铵,通入二氧化碳并保持压力为0.1MPa,在温度为25℃条件下,搅拌48h后,室温冷却,缓慢释放剩余的二氧化碳后,过滤分离出催化剂,纯化后得环状碳酸酯的分离产率为96%。
实施例3
本实施例的钴基催化剂制备环状碳酸酯的方法,其特征在于步骤如下:
向10mL的不锈钢高压反应釜中,依次加入50mg(活性组分钴0.4mol%)的催化剂共轭钴卟啉联吡啶微孔聚合物材料,12.5mmol环氧氯丙烷和0.9mmol助催化剂四正丁基溴化铵,通入二氧化碳并保持压力为0.1MPa,在温度为25℃条件下,搅拌36h后,室温冷却,缓慢释放剩余的二氧化碳后,过滤分离出催化剂,纯化后得环状碳酸酯的分离产率为99%。
实施例4
本实施例的钴基催化剂制备环状碳酸酯的方法,其特征在于步骤如下:
向10mL的不锈钢高压反应釜中,依次加入50mg(活性组分钴0.45mol%)的催化剂共轭钴卟啉联吡啶微孔聚合物材料,12.5mmol环氧溴丙烷和0.9mmol助催化剂四正丁基溴化铵,通入二氧化碳并保持压力为0.1MPa,在温度为25℃条件下,搅拌48h后,室温冷却,缓慢释放剩余的二氧化碳后,过滤分离出催化剂,纯化后得环状碳酸酯的分离产率为99%。
实施例5
本实施例的钴基催化剂制备环状碳酸酯的方法,其特征在于步骤如下:
向10mL的不锈钢高压反应釜中,依次加入50mg(活性组分钴0.2mol%)的催化剂共轭钴卟啉联吡啶微孔聚合物材料,12.5mmol氧化苯乙烯和0.9mmol助催化剂四正丁基溴化铵,通入二氧化碳并保持压力为0.1MPa,在温度为25℃条件下,搅拌48h后,室温冷却,缓慢释放剩余的二氧化碳后,过滤分离出催化剂,纯化后得环状碳酸酯的分离产率为94%。
实施例6
本实施例的钴基催化剂制备环状碳酸酯的方法,其特征在于步骤如下:
向10mL的不锈钢高压反应釜中,依次加入50mg(活性组分钴0.5mol%)的催化剂共轭钴卟啉联吡啶微孔聚合物材料,12.5mmol苯基缩水甘油醚和0.45mmol助催化剂四正丁基溴化铵,通入二氧化碳并保持压力为0.1MPa,在温度为25℃条件下,搅拌48h后,室温冷却,缓慢释放剩余的二氧化碳后,过滤分离出催化剂,纯化后得环状碳酸酯的分离产率为93%。
实施例7
本实施例的钴基催化剂制备环状碳酸酯的方法,其特征在于步骤如下:
向10mL的不锈钢高压反应釜中,依次加入50mg(活性组分钴0.5mol%)的催化剂共轭钴卟啉联吡啶微孔聚合物材料,12.5mmol氧化环己烯和0.675mmol助催化剂四正丁基溴化铵,通入二氧化碳并保持压力为0.1MPa,在温度为25℃条件下,搅拌48h后,室温冷却,缓慢释放剩余的二氧化碳后,过滤分离出催化剂,纯化后得环状碳酸酯的分离产率为95%。
实施例8
本实施例的钴基催化剂制备环状碳酸酯的方法,其特征在于步骤如下:
向10mL的不锈钢高压反应釜中,依次加入50mg(活性组分钴0.5mol%)的催化剂共轭钴卟啉联吡咯微孔聚合物材料,12.5mmol环氧丙烷和0.9mmol助催化剂四正丁基溴化铵,通入二氧化碳并保持压力为0.1MPa,在温度为25℃条件下,搅拌48h后,室温冷却,缓慢释放剩余的二氧化碳后,过滤分离出催化剂,纯化后得环状碳酸酯的分离产率为99%。
实施例9
本实施例的钴基催化剂制备环状碳酸酯的方法,其特征在于步骤如下:
向10mL的不锈钢高压反应釜中,依次加入50mg(活性组分钴0.3mol%)的催化剂共轭钴卟啉联吡咯微孔聚合物材料,12.5mmol环氧丁烷和0.9mmol助催化剂四正丁基溴化铵,通入二氧化碳并保持压力为0.1MPa,在温度为25℃条件下,搅拌48h后,室温冷却,缓慢释放剩余的二氧化碳后,过滤分离出催化剂,纯化后得环状碳酸酯的分离产率为95%。
实施例10
本实施例的钴基催化剂制备环状碳酸酯的方法,其特征在于步骤如下:
向10mL的不锈钢高压反应釜中,依次加入50mg(活性组分钴0.5mol%)的催化剂共轭钴卟啉联吡咯微孔聚合物材料,12.5mmol环氧氯丙烷和0.9mmol助催化剂四正丁基溴化铵,通入二氧化碳并保持压力为0.1MPa,在温度为25℃条件下,搅拌48h后,室温冷却,缓慢释放剩余的二氧化碳后,过滤分离出催化剂,纯化后得环状碳酸酯的分离产率为99%。
实施例11
本实施例的钴基催化剂制备环状碳酸酯的方法,其特征在于步骤如下:
向10mL的不锈钢高压反应釜中,依次加入50mg(活性组分钴0.4mol%)的催化剂共轭钴卟啉联吡咯微孔聚合物材料,12.5mmol环氧溴丙烷和0.9mmol助催化剂四正丁基溴化铵,通入二氧化碳并保持压力为0.1MPa,在温度为25℃条件下,搅拌48h后,室温冷却,缓慢释放剩余的二氧化碳后,过滤分离出催化剂,纯化后得环状碳酸酯的分离产率为96%。
实施例12
本实施例的钴基催化剂制备环状碳酸酯的方法,其特征在于步骤如下:
向10mL的不锈钢高压反应釜中,依次加入50mg(活性组分钴0.2mol%)的催化剂共轭钴卟啉联吡咯微孔聚合物材料,12.5mmol氧化苯乙烯和0.9mmol助催化剂四正丁基溴化铵,通入二氧化碳并保持压力为0.1MPa,在温度为25℃条件下,搅拌12h后,室温冷却,缓慢释放剩余的二氧化碳后,过滤分离出催化剂,纯化后得环状碳酸酯的分离产率为92%。
实施例13
本实施例的钴基催化剂制备环状碳酸酯的方法,其特征在于步骤如下:
向10mL的不锈钢高压反应釜中,依次加入50mg(活性组分钴0.2mol%)的催化剂共轭钴卟啉联吡咯微孔聚合物材料,12.5mmol苯基缩水甘油醚和0.45mmol助催化剂四正丁基溴化铵,通入二氧化碳并保持压力为0.1MPa,在温度为25℃条件下,搅拌48h后,室温冷却,缓慢释放剩余的二氧化碳后,过滤分离出催化剂,纯化后得环状碳酸酯的分离产率为90%。
实施例14
本实施例的钴基催化剂制备环状碳酸酯的方法,其特征在于步骤如下:
向10mL的不锈钢高压反应釜中,依次加入50mg(活性组分钴0.3mol%)的催化剂共轭钴卟啉联吡咯微孔聚合物材料,12.5mmol氧化环己烯和0.675mmol助催化剂四正丁基溴化铵,通入二氧化碳并保持压力为0.1MPa,在温度为25℃条件下,搅拌36h后,室温冷却,缓慢释放剩余的二氧化碳后,过滤分离出催化剂,纯化后得环状碳酸酯的分离产率为93%。
上述实施例中活性组分的含量以环氧化合物的用量为基准。

Claims (2)

1.一种钴基催化剂制备环状碳酸酯的方法,其特征在于利用二氧化碳和环氧化物作为原料,以共轭钴卟啉联吡啶或共轭钴卟啉联吡咯微孔聚合物材料为多相催化剂,四正丁基溴化铵为助催化剂,在常温常压无溶剂下,反应12-48h,实现了高效绿色催化二氧化碳合成环状碳酸酯;
所述共轭钴卟啉联吡啶微孔聚合物材料采用Scholl偶联反应,以钴四苯基卟啉和2,2-联吡啶为单体,使用无水AlCl3催化剂制备得到,其结构式如下:
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
所述共轭钴卟啉联吡咯微孔聚合物材料采用Scholl偶联反应,以钴四苯基卟啉和吡咯为单体,使用无水AlCl3催化剂制备得到,其结构式如下:
Figure 384457DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
所述环氧化合物为环氧丙烷、环氧丁烷、环氧氯丙烷、环氧溴丙烷、氧化苯乙烯、苯基缩水甘油醚或氧化环己烯。
2.根据权利要求1所述的钴基催化剂制备环状碳酸酯的方法,其特征在于:所述助催化剂的用量为环氧化物的3.6~7.2mol%。
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