CN107739350B - 一种合成2-氨基噻唑衍生物的方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种合成2‑氨基噻唑衍生物的方法,步骤为:以α位带有吸电子取代基的酮类衍生物(I)与硫脲(II)为原料,以过氧叔丁醇为氧化剂,偶氮二异丁腈为自由基引发剂,在室温~回流的条件下,在溶剂甲醇中发生自由基偶联反应及脱水反应,生成2‑氨基噻唑衍生物(III);反应式为:
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种合成2-氨基噻唑衍生物的方法。
背景技术
2-氨基噻唑结构存在于多种药用分子或合成某些天然产物的重要中间体中,如抗原虫剂硝唑尼特(Nitazoxanide,A)[1]、非麦角类多巴胺激动剂盐酸普拉克索水合物(Pramipexole Dihydrochloride Hydrate,B)[2]、电压门控钠通道阻滞剂和谷氨酸释放抑制剂利鲁唑(Riluzole,C)[3]、环氧化酶(COX)的抑制剂美洛昔康(Meloxicam,D)[4]等。故对于含有这类结构的药用分子或天然产物,可以通过从这类2-氨基噻唑化合物制备得到。
在文献和公开的专利中,报道了一系列2-氨基噻唑衍生物抑制晚期糖基化终产物的生成,从而起到抑制葡萄糖氧化酶的作用[5]。并且,通过一系列衍生反应制备的化合物E,对黄热病毒的EC50(The EC50is the concentration of the compound resulting in a50%inhibition in virus production)达到5±1.7μM[6]。
目前文献报道的2-氨基噻唑化合物的合成方法可以概括为以下两种,如下所示:
以硫脲或者硫氰化钾为硫源,以羰基α位带有易离去基团的化合物为底物,在碱性条件下经过分子间的亲和取代反应和脱水缩合反应,制备2-氨基噻唑类化合物[7,8]。如下式所示:
此方法的缺点是底物的羰基α位必须带有易离去基团,方法的扩展性受限。
Zhang和Yu等利用二醋酸钯或溴化铁催化的偶联反应形成C–S键和C–N键来构建2-氨基噻唑骨架[9],其方法是以烯基叠氮化物和硫氰化钾为底物,使用二醋酸钯(或者溴化铁)为催化剂,在丙醇(或者乙腈)为溶剂,在加热条件下制备2-氨基噻唑母核,如下式所示:
此方法缺点是其原料制备复杂,不容易获得,催化剂成本高,反应条件需要加热,不利于操作。
具体参见以下文献:
[1]Jean-Francois,R.;Raymond,C.2-Benzamido-5-nitrothiazol-derivate,DE2438037A1,Feb 20,1975.
[2](a)Ferraboschi,P.;Ciceri,S.;Ciuffreda,P.;De Mieri,M.;Romano,D.;Grisenti,P.Tetrahedron:Asymmetry 2014,25,1239–1245.(b)Schneider,C.S.;Mierau,J.J.Med.Chem.1987,30,494–498.(c)Griss,G.;Schneider,C.;Hurnaus,R.;Kobinger,W.;Pichler,L.;Bauer,R.;Mierau,J.;Hinzen,D.;Schingnitz,G.Tetrahydro-benzthiazoles,the preparation thereof and their use as intermediate productsor as pharmaceuticals,US4886812A,Dec 12,1989.
[3](a)Jacques,M.Medicament containing 2-amino-6-trifluoro-methoxybenzothiazole,EP0050551A1,Oct 17,1980.(b)Andrea,F.;Matteo,Z.Process for thepreparation of riluzole,EP2284161A1,Sep 21,2009.
[4](a)Gunter,T.;Wolfhard,E.4-Hydroxy-2H-1,2-benzothiazine-3-carboxamide-1,1-dioxides,processes for their preparation and pharmaceuticalcompositions containing them.EP0002482B1,Dec 16,1977.(b)Gunter,T.;Wolfhard,E.4-Hydroxy-2H-1,2-benzothiazine-3-carboxamide-1,1-dioxides and saltsthereof.US4233299A,Dec 16,1977.(c)Tibor,M.;Gyula,S.Process for preparation ofhigh-purity meloxicam and meloxicam potassium salt.WO2006064298A1,Dec 12,2004.(d)Liam,M.;Lillian,C.Process for the purification ofmeloxicam.WO2008062151A1,Nov 20,2006.(e)Mezei,T.;Mesterházy,N.;Bakó,T.;Porcs-Makkay,M.;Simig,G.;Volk,B.Org.Proc.Res.Dev.2009,13,567–572.
[5]Hines,M.D.;Jones,B.C.Thiazole derivatives to counter advancedglucation,EP1543824A2,Jun 22,2005.
[6]Li,Z.;Khaliq,M.;Zhou,Z.;Post,C.B.;Kuhn,R.J.;Cushman,M.J.Med.Chem.2008,51,4660–4671.
[7]Zhu,Y.-P.;Yuan,J.-J.;Zhao,Q.;Lian,M.;Gao,Q.-H.;Liu,M.-C.;Yang,Y.;Wu,A.-X.Tetrahedron 2012,68,173–178.
[8]Kodomari,M.;Aoyama,T.;Suzuki,Y.Tetrahedron Lett.2002,43,1717–1720.
[9]Chen,B.;Guo,S.;Guo,X.;Zhang,G.;Yu,Y.Org.Lett.2015,17,4698-4701.
发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服现有技术的不足,提供一种原料易得,不使用金属催化剂的合成2-氨基噻唑衍生物的方法。
本发明的技术方案概述如下:
一种合成2-氨基噻唑衍生物的方法,包括如下步骤:以α位带有吸电子取代基的酮类衍生物(I)与硫脲(II)为原料,以过氧叔丁醇为氧化剂,偶氮二异丁腈为自由基引发剂,在室温~回流的条件下,在溶剂甲醇中发生自由基偶联反应及脱水反应,生成2-氨基噻唑衍生物(III);反应式为:
其中,R为甲基,叔丁基,苄基,苯基,2-甲基苯基,3-氯苯基,4-甲氧基苯基,4-氯苯基,4-溴苯基,2-噻吩基,2-吡啶基或2-萘基;
EWG为吸电子取代基的简写;所述EWG为甲酰甲氧基,腈基或乙酰基。
本发明利用非金属的偶氮二异丁腈和过氧叔丁醇的自由基氧化体系,避免了昂贵的过渡金属催化剂的使用,拓宽了底物的范围,使用羰基α位是吸电子取代基的底物即可,易离去基团不再是必须的。具有操作简单,反应原料以及反应试剂易得,收率较高等优点。
具体实施方式
下述各实施例中所用的反应原料以α位带有吸电子取代基(EWG)的酮类衍生物(I)、硫脲(II)和偶氮二异丁腈等均可以方便买到。过氧叔丁醇(质量分数为70%水溶液)用石油醚(60-90)萃取3次,并在旋转蒸发仪中除去石油醚,得到的过氧叔丁醇可直接使用。
下面结合具体实施例对本发明作进一步的说明。
下面各实施例是为了使本领域的技术人员能够更好地理解本发明,但本发明的内容并不限于所举实施例。
实施例1
合成2-氨基-4-苯基-5-腈基噻唑(III-a)的方法,包括如下步骤:
将3-羰基-3苯基丙腈(I-a)(145mg)和硫脲(II)(152mg)在室温下加入到甲醇(5mL)中,再加入过氧叔丁醇(288μL)和偶氮二异丁腈(33mg),在室温下搅拌2小时。反应结束后加入饱和碳酸氢钠水溶液(50mL),用乙酸乙酯萃取,有机相经无水硫酸钠干燥并减压浓缩后,得粗品产物,粗品经柱色谱(乙酸乙酯:石油醚(v/v)=3:7)分离纯化,得到白色固体2-氨基-4-苯基-5-腈基噻唑(III-a)175mg,产率:87%。
1H NMR(600MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.25(s,2H),7.93(d,J=7.2Hz,2H),7.56–7.39(m,3H).13C NMR(150MHz,DMSO-d6)δ170.6,161.0,132.5,130.0,128.8,127.4,115.3,83.6.
实施例2
合成2-氨基-4-(4-甲氧基苯基)-5-腈基噻唑(III-b)的方法,包括如下步骤:
将3-羰基-3-(4-甲氧基苯基)丙腈(I-b)(175mg)和硫脲(II)(152mg)在室温下加入到甲醇(5mL)中,向反应中加入过氧叔丁醇(288μL)和偶氮二异丁腈(33mg),在室温下搅拌2小时。反应结束后加入饱和碳酸氢钠水溶液(50mL),用乙酸乙酯萃取,有机相经无水硫酸钠干燥并减压浓缩后,得粗品产物,粗品经柱色谱(乙酸乙酯:石油醚(v/v)=3:7)分离纯化,得到白色固体2-氨基-4-(4-甲氧基苯基)-5-腈基噻唑(III-b)213mg,产率:92%。
1H NMR(600MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.19(s,2H),7.90(d,J=9.0Hz,2H),7.07(d,J=8.4Hz,2H),3.82(s,3H).13C NMR(150MHz,DMSO-d6)δ170.3,160.8,160.5,129.0,125.1,115.7,114.2,81.8,55.3.
实施例3
一种合成2-氨基-4-(4-氯苯基)-5-腈基噻唑(III-c)的方法,包括如下步骤:
将3-羰基-3-(4-氯苯基)丙腈(I-c)(180mg)和硫脲(II)(152mg)在室温下加入到甲醇(5mL)中,向反应中加入过氧叔丁醇(288μL)和偶氮二异丁腈(33mg),在室温下搅拌2小时。反应结束后加入饱和碳酸氢钠水溶液(50mL),用乙酸乙酯萃取,有机相经无水硫酸钠干燥并减压浓缩后,得粗品产物,粗品经柱色谱(乙酸乙酯:石油醚(v/v)=3:7)分离纯化,得到白色固体2-氨基-4-(4-氯苯基)-5-腈基噻唑(III-c)191mg,产率:81%。
1H NMR(600MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.27(s,2H),7.93(d,J=9.0Hz,2H),7.60(d,J=8.4Hz,2H).13C NMR(150MHz,DMSO-d6)δ170.7,159.5,134.6,131.3,129.1,128.9,115.1,84.1.
实施例4
一种合成2-氨基-4-叔丁基-5-腈基噻唑(III-d)的方法,包括如下步骤:
将3-羰基-3-叔丁基丙腈(I-d)(125mg)和硫脲(II)(152mg)在室温下加入到甲醇(5mL)中,向反应中加入过氧叔丁醇(288μL)和偶氮二异丁腈(33mg),在室温下搅拌2小时。反应结束后加入饱和碳酸氢钠水溶液(50mL),用乙酸乙酯萃取,有机相经无水硫酸钠干燥并减压浓缩后,得粗品产物,粗品经柱色谱(乙酸乙酯:石油醚(v/v)=3:7)分离纯化,得到白色固体2-氨基-4-叔丁基-5-腈基噻唑(III-d)173mg,产率:95%。
1H NMR(600MHz,DMSO-d6)δ7.99(s,2H),1.32(s,9H).13C NMR(150MHz,DMSO-d6)δ173.1,169.8,115.1,82.2,36.4,29.6.
用3-羰基-3-苄基丙腈替代本实施例的3-羰基-3-叔丁基丙腈,其它同本实施例,得到2-氨基-4-苄基-5-腈基噻唑;
用3-羰基-3-(2-甲基苯基)丙腈替代本实施例的3-羰基-3-叔丁基丙腈,其它同本实施例,得到2-氨基-4-(2-甲基苯基)-5-腈基噻唑;
用3-羰基-3-(3-氯苯基)丙腈替代本实施例的3-羰基-3-叔丁基丙腈,其它同本实施例,得到2-氨基-4-(3-氯苯基)-5-腈基噻唑;
或3-羰基-3-(4-溴苯基)丙腈替代本实施例的3-羰基-3-叔丁基丙腈,其它同本实施例,得到2-氨基-4-(4-溴苯基)-5-腈基噻唑。
实施例5
一种合成2-氨基-4-苯基-5-甲酸甲酯噻唑(III-e)的方法,包括如下步骤:
将3-羰基-3-苯基丙酸甲酯(I-e)(178mg)和硫脲(II)(152mg)在室温下加入到甲醇(5mL)中,向反应中加入过氧叔丁醇(288μL)和偶氮二异丁腈(33mg),在回流温度下搅拌5小时。反应结束后冷却到室温,加入饱和碳酸氢钠水溶液(50mL),用乙酸乙酯萃取,有机相经无水硫酸钠干燥并减压浓缩后,得粗品产物,粗品经柱色谱(乙酸乙酯:石油醚(v/v)=3:7)分离纯化,得到白色固体2-氨基-4-苯基-5-甲酸甲酯噻唑(III-e)138mg,产率:59%。
1H NMR(600MHz,DMSO-d6)δ7.87(s,2H),7.63–7.64(m,2H),7.37–7.38(m,3H),3.62(s,3H).13C NMR(150MHz,DMSO-d6)δ169.9,161.5,159.0,134.5,129.6,128.7,127.3,107.6,51.3.
实施例6
一种合成2-氨基-4-(2-噻吩)-5-甲酸甲酯噻唑(III-f)的方法,包括如下步骤:
将3-羰基-3-(2-噻吩基)丙酸甲酯(I-f)(184mg)和硫脲(II)(152mg)在室温下加入到甲醇(5mL)中,向反应中加入过氧叔丁醇(288μL)和偶氮二异丁腈(33mg),在回流温度下搅拌5小时。反应结束后冷却到室温,加入饱和碳酸氢钠水溶液(50mL),用乙酸乙酯萃取,有机相经无水硫酸钠干燥并减压浓缩后,得粗品产物,粗品经柱色谱(乙酸乙酯:石油醚(v/v)=3:7)分离纯化,得到白色固体2-氨基-4-(2-噻吩)-5-甲酸甲酯噻唑(III-f)164mg,产率:68%。
1H NMR(600MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.43–8.35(m,1H),7.94(s,2H),7.65(d,J=4.8Hz,1H),7.14(dd,J=4.8,3.6Hz,1H),3.74(s,3H).13C NMR(150MHz,DMSO-d6)δ169.1,161.6,151.0,137.5,130.1,129.1,127.7,105.4,51.7.
实施例7
一种合成2-氨基-4-(2-吡啶)-5-甲酸甲酯噻唑(III-g)的方法,包括如下步骤:
将3-羰基-3-(2-吡啶基)丙酸甲酯(I-g)(179mg)和硫脲(II)(152mg)在室温下加入到甲醇(5mL)中,向反应中加入过氧叔丁醇(288μL)和偶氮二异丁腈(33mg),在回流温度下搅拌5小时。反应结束后冷却到室温,加入饱和碳酸氢钠水溶液(50mL),用乙酸乙酯萃取,有机相经无水硫酸钠干燥并减压浓缩后,得粗品产物,粗品经柱色谱(乙酸乙酯:石油醚(v/v)=3:7)分离纯化,得到白色固体2-氨基-4-(2-吡啶)-5-甲酸甲酯噻唑(III-g)185mg,产率:72%。
1H NMR(600MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.58(d,J=4.8Hz,1H),7.88(s,2H),7.83(td,J=7.8,1.5Hz,1H),7.57(d,J=7.8Hz,1H),7.39(dd,J=7.2,5.4Hz,1H),3.59(s,3H).13C NMR(150MHz,DMSO-d6)δ170.0,161.4,157.6,153.2,148.6,135.9,124.2,123.3,110.0,51.4.
实施例8
一种合成2-氨基-4-(2-萘基)-5-甲酸甲酯噻唑(III-h)的方法,包括如下步骤:
将3-羰基-3-(2-萘基)丙酸甲酯(I-h)(228mg)和硫脲(II)(152mg)在室温下加入到甲醇(5mL)中,向反应中加入过氧叔丁醇(288μL)和偶氮二异丁腈(33mg),在回流温度下搅拌5小时。反应结束后冷却到室温,加入饱和碳酸氢钠水溶液(50mL),用乙酸乙酯萃取,有机相经无水硫酸钠干燥并减压浓缩后,得粗品产物,粗品经柱色谱(乙酸乙酯:石油醚(v/v)=3:7)分离纯化,得到白色固体2-氨基-4-(2-萘基)-5-甲酸甲酯噻唑(III-h)128mg,产率:45%。
1H NMR(600MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.23(s,1H),7.93–7.96(m,4H),7.89(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),7.76(dd,J=8.4,1.5Hz,1H),7.53–7.56(m,2H),3.64(s,3H).13C NMR(150MHz,DMSO-d6)δ169.9,161.6,158.9,132.9,132.2,132.0,129.0,128.4,127.4,126.7,126.5,126.2,107.9,51.5.其中有两个碳信号重叠.
实施例9
一种合成2-氨基-4-甲基-5-甲酸甲酯噻唑(III-i)的方法,包括如下步骤:
将3-羰基-丁酸甲酯(I-i)(116mg)和硫脲(II)(152mg)在室温下加入到甲醇(5mL)中,向反应中加入过氧叔丁醇(288μL)和偶氮二异丁腈(33mg),在回流温度下搅拌5小时。反应结束后冷却到室温,加入饱和碳酸氢钠水溶液(50mL),用乙酸乙酯萃取,有机相经无水硫酸钠干燥并减压浓缩后,得粗品产物,粗品经柱色谱(乙酸乙酯:石油醚(v/v)=3:7)分离纯化,得到白色固体2-氨基-4-甲基-5-甲酸甲酯噻唑(III-i)124mg,产率:72%。
1H NMR(600MHz,DMSO-d6)δ7.74(s,2H),3.67(s,3H),2.38(s,3H).13C NMR(150MHz,DMSO-d6)δ170.3,162.3,159.6,106.8,51.2,17.1.
实施例10
一种合成1-(2-氨基-4苯基-5-噻唑基)乙酮(III-j)的方法,包括如下步骤:
将1-苯基-1,3-丁二酮(I-j)(162mg)和硫脲(II)(152mg)在室温下加入到甲醇(5mL)中,向反应中加入过氧叔丁醇(288μL)和偶氮二异丁腈(33mg),在回流温度下搅拌12小时。反应结束后冷却到室温,加入饱和碳酸氢钠水溶液(50mL),用乙酸乙酯萃取,有机相经无水硫酸钠干燥并减压浓缩后,得粗品产物,粗品经柱色谱(乙酸乙酯:石油醚(v/v)=3:7)分离纯化,得到白色固体1-(2-氨基-4苯基-5-噻唑基)乙酮(III-j)101mg,产率:46%。
1H NMR(600MHz,DMSO-d6)δ7.96(s,2H),7.61(d,J=7.2Hz,2H),7.56(t,J=7.5Hz,1H),7.48(t,J=7.5Hz,2H),2.18(s,3H).13C NMR(150MHz,DMSO-d6)δ186.6,171.6,160.0,140.9,131.1,128.3,127.5,118.7,18.6.
以上仅是本发明的部分实施例而已,并非对本发明做任何形式上的限制,凡是依据本发明的技术实质对上述实施例作的任何简单的修改,等同变化与修饰,均属于本发明技术方案范围内。
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