CN107737144A - The extracting method of ginsenoside in a kind of ginseng roots - Google Patents
The extracting method of ginsenoside in a kind of ginseng roots Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a kind of extracting method of ginsenoside in ginseng roots, including：(A) ginseng roots are dried, crushed, extracted to obtain leaching liquor using the mixed aqueous solution of methanol aqueous ammonia；(B) by leaching liquor centrifugal filtration, quantitative analysis is carried out using high performance liquid chromatography, you can.The extracting method recovery rate of the embodiment of the present invention is high, specificity is stronger, operating time is short, and process is simple, easy to operate, it is reproducible, the technological gap of associated extraction method has been filled up, has formd the operating process of standard of comparison, required corollary equipment cost is low, suitable for wide popularization and application, highly use for reference.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the extraction field of ginsenoside in ginseng roots, in particular to people in a kind of ginseng roots
Join the extracting method of saponin(e.
Background technology
Ginseng (scientific name：Panax ginseng, also known as Asia join, at Northeast China popular name " wooden club ") it is with meat
Root, it is pharmaceutically acceptable.Ginseng belongs to Araliaceae, is mainly grown in northeast Changbai Mountain area, particularly cold district.Ginseng is
The common medicinal material in Asia, northern Central America also generally use American ginseng, many herbal medicine pavings and supermarket can find various ginseng medicine materical crude slice and
Extract health product, for recovering, strengthening muscle power, regulation hormone more afterwards, reduce blood glucose and control blood pressure, control liver index
With liver function health care etc..Saponin(e contained by ginseng root is its active ingredient, and the wild ginseng saponin constituent of Changbai Mountain in China is higher, but obtains
It is not easy, price is high.
Ginseng is araliaceae ginseng plant, and the famous medicinal plant such as it and pseudo-ginseng, American Ginseng is close relative.Belong to perennial
Draft；Main root meat, cylinder or spindle, fibrous root are elongated；Root-like stock (reed head) is short, above there is stem trace (reed bowl) and luxuriant；Stem
Dan Sheng, uprightly, tip are tapering, and there is apicule sawtooth at edge, are dredged above along middle arteries by bristle.Umbel basidixed, spend small；Hua Puzhong
Shape, have 5 teeth；Petal 5, pistac；Stamen 5, filigree is short, and flower pesticide is spherical；Ovary is the next, Room 2, style 1, and column cap 2 splits.Slurry
Fruit shape drupe oblate spheroid or kidney shape, cerise when ripe；2, seed, oblate, yellow-white.
In ginseng, main active is ginsenoside, has the function that to adjust central nervous system, improve it is cardiovascular and
The effect of hemopoietic system, the effect of internal system is adjusted, improve immunity, it is antifatigue, and many pharmacological activity such as anticancer.
The main extracting method of saponin(e in current ginseng roots has following several：Water extraction method, organic solvent extraction,
Leakage method, return and evaporate method, ultrasonic immersing method, supercritical fluid extraction.There is extraction time length in these methods, power consumption is larger, carries
Take rate low, complex steps, it is higher to equipment requirement the defects of, be unsuitable for wide popularization and application.
In view of this, it is special to propose the present invention.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of extracting method of ginsenoside in ginseng roots, the extracting method recovery rate
Height, specificity is stronger, and the operating time is short, and process is simple, easy to operate, reproducible, has filled up the skill of associated extraction method
Art blank, the operating process of standard of comparison being formd, required corollary equipment cost is low, suitable for wide popularization and application, non-constant value
It must use for reference.
In order to realize the above-mentioned purpose of the present invention, spy uses following technical scheme：
The embodiments of the invention provide a kind of extracting method of ginsenoside in ginseng roots, mainly comprise the following steps：
(A) ginseng roots are dried, crushed, extracted to obtain leaching liquor using the mixed aqueous solution of methanol-ammoniacal liquor；
(B) by leaching liquor centrifugal filtration, quantitative analysis is carried out using high performance liquid chromatography, you can.
Ginseng belongs to araliaceae ginseng plant, and the famous medicinal plant such as it and pseudo-ginseng, American Ginseng is close relative.Belong to for many years
Sward sheet；Main root meat, cylinder or spindle, fibrous root are elongated；Root-like stock (reed head) is short, above there is stem trace (reed bowl) and luxuriant；
Stem Dan Sheng, uprightly, tip is tapering, and there is apicule sawtooth at edge, is dredged above along middle arteries by bristle.Umbel basidixed, spend small；Flower Bodhisattva
It is bell, have 5 teeth；Petal 5, pistac；Stamen 5, filigree is short, and flower pesticide is spherical；Ovary is the next, Room 2, style 1, and column cap 2 splits.Slurry
Fruit shape drupe oblate spheroid or kidney shape, cerise when ripe；2, seed, oblate, yellow-white.
In ginseng, main active is ginsenoside, has the function that to adjust central nervous system, improve it is cardiovascular and
The effect of hemopoietic system, the effect of internal system is adjusted, improve immunity, it is antifatigue, and many pharmacological activity such as anticancer.
In the prior art, the main extracting method of saponin(e in ginseng roots has following several：Water extraction method, organic solvent carry
Follow the example of, leakage method, return and evaporate method, ultrasonic immersing method, supercritical fluid extraction.Extraction time length be present in these methods, consume energy compared with
Greatly, recovery rate is low, complex steps, it is higher to equipment requirement the defects of, be unsuitable for wide popularization and application.
The present invention is in order to solve the above technical problems, provide a kind of extraction side of the ginsenoside suitable for ginseng roots
Method, abandoned it is conventional use water extraction method, organic solvent extraction, leakage method, return and evaporate method, ultrasonic immersing method, supercritical fluid
These traditional extraction times length are extracted, consume energy big method, and method of the invention has that operation is simple, reproducible, accurate
Exactness is high, and the operating time is short, and process is simple, can extensive use, filled up the technological gap of associated extraction method, had and push away extensively
Wide value, has expanded the applicable surface of the medical value of ginseng, has also been more favorable for the marketing degree of ginseng, and then can create certain
Economic benefit.
In specific operating procedure (A) of the invention, before quantitative analysis is carried out using high performance liquid chromatography, first to ginseng
Rhizome dried, crushed, extracted to obtain leaching liquor using the mixed aqueous solution of methanol-ammoniacal liquor.
Wherein, the temperature of drying is preferably controlled in 40-55 DEG C, and more excellent is 45 DEG C, and it is unchanged to be typically dried to weight, you can
, under these conditions can be clean by the moisture evaporating completely on ginseng surface to meet to require, do not interfere with follow-up detection
As a result.
Preferably, after ginseng drying, the mesh Task-size Controlling of crushing is more than 60 mesh, and more excellent is 70-100 mesh, in addition
Can also be 80 mesh, 90 mesh, 120 mesh etc..It will be more beneficial for after ginseng attrition grinding powdering in extraction process is subsequently carried out
The extraction of general ginsenoside.
Preferably, ginseng roots are extracted as solvent using the mixed aqueous solution of methanol-ammoniacal liquor, every gram of ginseng
Rhizome adds the mixed aqueous solution 20-50ml of methanol-ammoniacal liquor, is more preferably 30-40ml, in the mixed aqueous solution of methanol-ammoniacal liquor,
The volume percent content of ammoniacal liquor is more excellent between 3-6% between 0.01-8%.In order that ginseng is obtained in leaching process,
Mixed aqueous solution that can be fully with methanol-ammoniacal liquor is well mixed, and first carries out immersion 4- using the mixed aqueous solution of methanol-ammoniacal liquor
12h, to carry out being ultrasonically treated 20-40min accordingly after adding the mixed aqueous solution of methanol-ammoniacal liquor, ultrasonic power control exists
More than 500w, FREQUENCY CONTROL in more than 40kHz, be more preferably ultrasonic power control between 600-700w, FREQUENCY CONTROL is in 45-
Between 50kHz, the restriction of appropriate frequency and power, the purity of extraction for extracting to obtain is higher.
Preferably, the time control of supersound process is in 20-40min.
Preferably, to the high-quality smooth implementation for being advantageously selected for subsequent extracted step of ginseng, when being selected, ginseng
The fresh white ginseng of life in more than 5 years is preferably selected, no pit-hole, the ginseng roots of no small holes caused by worms are as raw material.
Leaching liquor is preferably further purified in a manner of centrifuging, filtering, and the rotating speed of centrifugation is preferably controlled in 8000-
More excellent between 9000-10000rpm between 12000rpm, time of centrifugation is preferably between 5-20min, more preferably for
10min。
In addition, filtering then carries out filtering using filter membrane and is advisable, the aperture of filter membrane is relatively good for below 0.22um.
Certainly, optimal mode is filtered using 0.22 μm of PTFE filter membrane, to ensure the homogeneity of test liquid,
Fully remove contained impurity.
The present invention to drying, crushing and extract to the step of leaching liquor by being defined so that whole extraction step
Rapid process is simple, with short production cycle, and has found out carrying for most appropriate ginsenoside by the design of experimental condition
Method is taken, each operating parameter is controlled than in convenient scope, it is easy to operate, meet people in contemporary ginseng roots
Join the requirement of saponin extraction method.
In the step (B) of the present invention, the actual conditions of efficient liquid phase chromatographic analysis is：Mobile phase is that acetonitrile-formic acid is water-soluble
Liquid, 35-40 DEG C of column temperature, between Detection wavelength 200-210nm.Wherein, chromatographic column is preferably selected ACQUITY UPLCBEH-C18
(2.1 × 50mm, 1.7 μm).
General sample size be 2 μ L, accurate respectively during practical operation to draw reference substance solution and each 2 μ L of need testing solution, is noted
Enter Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography instrument measure, peak area quantification qualitative with main peak retention time.
The extract that the extracting method of the present invention obtains is with ginsenoside Re, Rg1, Ro, Rf, Rb1, Rc, Rb2, Rb3, Rd
It is main component Deng 9 kinds, the scope of application is very extensive.
Compared with prior art, beneficial effects of the present invention are：
(1) the invention provides a kind of extracting method of ginsenoside in ginseng roots, the extracting method recovery rate is high, specially
Attribute is stronger, and the operating time is short, and process is simple, easy to operate, reproducible, and the technology for having filled up associated extraction method is empty
In vain, the operating process of standard of comparison is formd, required corollary equipment cost is low, suitable for wide popularization and application, highly borrows
Mirror；
(2) present invention to drying, crushing and extract to the step of leaching liquor by being defined so that whole extraction
Step process is simple, with short production cycle, and has found out most appropriate ginsenoside by the design of experimental condition
Extracting method, each operating parameter is controlled than in convenient scope, it is easy to operate, meet in contemporary ginseng roots
The requirement of ginsenoside extracting method.
Embodiment
Embodiment of the present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with embodiment, but those skilled in the art will
Understand, the following example is merely to illustrate the present invention, and is not construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.It is unreceipted specific in embodiment
Condition person, the condition suggested according to normal condition or manufacturer are carried out.Agents useful for same or the unreceipted production firm person of instrument, it is
The conventional products that can be obtained by commercially available purchase.
Embodiment 1
The specific extracting method of ginsenoside is carried out in accordance with the following steps in ginseng roots：
1) sample pretreating：
By 40 DEG C of the rhizome drying of ginseng, crush, cross after 60 mesh sieves and obtain sample, precision weighs 1g samples, error for ±
1mg, in triangular flask, the mixed aqueous solution 25mL of methanol-ammoniacal liquor is added, 12h, next day ultrasonic extraction are standing and soak for after mixing
20min obtains leaching liquor；
2) leaching liquor pre-treatment：
Take extract solution 1mL to be placed in centrifuge tube, with 10000rpm rotating speeds, centrifuge 10min, take centrifuged supernatant mistake
0.22um apertures filter membrane is filtered；
3) chromatographic condition：
ACQUITY UPLC BEH-C18 chromatographic columns (2.1 × 50mm, 1.7 μm), mobile phase are acetonitrile-water (0.04% first
Acid), 35 DEG C, sample size 2ul, Detection wavelength 203nm of column temperature, peak area is determined, using peak area as ordinate, concentration is horizontal seat
Mark, draw curve.
Finally calculating the saponin content sum that 9 kinds of Re, Rg1, Ro, Rf, Rb1, Rc, Rb2, Rb3, Rd etc. is main component is
3.69%.
Error：The absolute difference of independent measurement result is no more than the 5% of arithmetic mean of instantaneous value twice.
Embodiment 2
The specific extracting method of ginsenoside is carried out in accordance with the following steps in ginseng roots：
1) sample pretreating：
By 55 DEG C of the rhizome drying of ginseng, crush, cross after 100 mesh sieves and obtain sample, precision weighs 1g samples, error for ±
1mg, in triangular flask, mixed aqueous solution (ammoniacal liquor volume percent content is 2%) 50mL of methanol-ammoniacal liquor is added, after mixing
12h is standing and soak for, next day, ultrasound (power 500w, frequency 40kHz) 30min obtained leaching liquor；
2) leaching liquor pre-treatment：
Take extract solution 1mL to be placed in centrifuge tube, with 12000rpm rotating speeds, centrifuge 5min, take centrifuged supernatant mistake
0.22um apertures filter membrane is filtered；
3) chromatographic condition：
ACQUITY UPLC BEH-C18 chromatographic columns (2.1 × 50mm, 1.7 μm), mobile phase are acetonitrile-water (0.04% first
Acid), 40 DEG C, sample size 2ul, Detection wavelength 200nm of column temperature, peak area is determined, using peak area as ordinate, concentration is horizontal seat
Mark, draw curve.
Finally calculating the saponin content sum that 9 kinds of Re, Rg1, Ro, Rf, Rb1, Rc, Rb2, Rb3, Rd etc. is main component is
3.52%.
Error：The absolute difference of independent measurement result is no more than the 5% of arithmetic mean of instantaneous value twice.
Embodiment 3
The specific extracting method of ginsenoside is carried out in accordance with the following steps in ginseng roots：
1) sample pretreating：
By 50 DEG C of drying of rhizome of 5 years raw fresh ginsengs, crushing, sample is obtained after crossing 70 mesh sieves, precision weighs 1g samples,
Error is ± 1mg, in triangular flask, adds the mixed aqueous solution of methanol-ammoniacal liquor (ammoniacal liquor volume percent content is 4%)
30mL, 12h is standing and soak for after mixing, next day, ultrasound (power 600w, frequency 45kHz) 35min obtained leaching liquor；
2) leaching liquor pre-treatment：
Take extract solution 1mL to be placed in centrifuge tube, with 9000rpm rotating speeds, centrifuge 10min, take centrifuged supernatant mistake
0.22um apertures filter membrane is filtered；
3) chromatographic condition：
ACQUITY UPLC BEH-C18 chromatographic columns (2.1 × 50mm, 1.7 μm), mobile phase are acetonitrile-water (0.04% first
Acid), 35 DEG C, sample size 2ul, Detection wavelength 210nm of column temperature, peak area is determined, using peak area as ordinate, concentration is horizontal seat
Mark, draw curve.
Finally calculating the saponin content sum that 9 kinds of Re, Rg1, Ro, Rf, Rb1, Rc, Rb2, Rb3, Rd etc. is main component is
3.78%.
Error：The absolute difference of independent measurement result is no more than the 5% of arithmetic mean of instantaneous value twice.
Embodiment 4
The specific extracting method of ginsenoside is carried out in accordance with the following steps in ginseng roots：
1) sample pretreating：
By 5 years raw fresh, no pit-holes, 45 DEG C of drying of rhizome of no small holes caused by worms white ginseng, crush, sample obtained after crossing 85 mesh sieves,
Precision weighs 1g samples, and error is ± 1mg, in triangular flask, adds mixed aqueous solution (the ammoniacal liquor volume basis of methanol-ammoniacal liquor
It is 5%) 30mL than content, 6h is standing and soak for after mixing, next day, ultrasound (power 600w, frequency 50kHz) 35min was extracted
Liquid；
2) leaching liquor pre-treatment：
Take extract solution 1mL to be placed in centrifuge tube, with 8000rpm rotating speeds, centrifuge 20min, take centrifuged supernatant mistake
0.22um apertures filter membrane is filtered；
3) chromatographic condition：
ACQUITY UPLC BEH-C18 chromatographic columns (2.1 × 50mm, 1.7 μm), mobile phase are acetonitrile-water (0.04% first
Acid), 35 DEG C, sample size 2ul, Detection wavelength 210nm of column temperature, peak area is determined, using peak area as ordinate, concentration is horizontal seat
Mark, draw curve.
Finally calculating the saponin content sum that 9 kinds of Re, Rg1, Ro, Rf, Rb1, Rc, Rb2, Rb3, Rd etc. is main component is
3.81%.
Error：The absolute difference of independent measurement result is no more than the 5% of arithmetic mean of instantaneous value twice.
Embodiment 5
The specific extracting method of ginsenoside is carried out in accordance with the following steps in ginseng roots：
1) sample pretreating：
By 5 years raw fresh, no pit-holes, 45 DEG C of drying of rhizome of no small holes caused by worms white ginseng, crush, sample obtained after crossing 100 mesh sieves,
Precision weighs 1g samples, and error is ± 1mg, in triangular flask, adds mixed aqueous solution (the ammoniacal liquor volume basis of methanol-ammoniacal liquor
It is 6%) 40mL than content, 9h is standing and soak for after mixing, next day, ultrasound (power 500w, frequency 50kHz) 35min was extracted
Liquid；
2) leaching liquor pre-treatment：
Take extract solution 1mL to be placed in centrifuge tube, with 8500rpm rotating speeds, centrifuge 15min, take centrifuged supernatant mistake
0.22um apertures filter membrane is filtered；
3) chromatographic condition：
ACQUITY UPLC BEH-C18 chromatographic columns (2.1 × 50mm, 1.7 μm), mobile phase are acetonitrile-water (0.04% first
Acid), 35 DEG C, sample size 2ul, Detection wavelength 205nm of column temperature, peak area is determined, using peak area as ordinate, concentration is horizontal seat
Mark, draw curve.
Finally calculating the saponin content sum that 9 kinds of Re, Rg1, Ro, Rf, Rb1, Rc, Rb2, Rb3, Rd etc. is main component is
3.62%.
Error：The absolute difference of independent measurement result is no more than the 5% of arithmetic mean of instantaneous value twice.
Comparative example 1
Remaining step is consistent with embodiment 5, simply adds ammoniacal liquor in mixed aqueous solution, measuring 9 kinds of saponin(e sums is
2.38%, far below the recovery rate of the embodiment of the present invention 5.
Compared with prior art, beneficial effects of the present invention are：
(1) the invention provides a kind of extracting method of ginsenoside in ginseng roots, the extracting method recovery rate is high, specially
Attribute is stronger, and the operating time is short, and process is simple, easy to operate, reproducible, and the technology for having filled up associated extraction method is empty
In vain, the operating process of standard of comparison is formd, required corollary equipment cost is low, suitable for wide popularization and application, highly borrows
Mirror；
(2) present invention to drying, crushing and extract to the step of leaching liquor by being defined so that whole extraction
Step process is simple, with short production cycle, and has found out most appropriate ginsenoside by the design of experimental condition
Extracting method, each operating parameter is controlled than in convenient scope, it is easy to operate, meet in contemporary ginseng roots
The requirement of ginsenoside extracting method.
Although illustrate and describing the present invention with specific embodiment, but will be appreciated that without departing substantially from the present invention's
Many other change and modification can be made in the case of spirit and scope.It is, therefore, intended that in the following claims
Including belonging to all such changes and modifications in the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. the extracting method of ginsenoside in a kind of ginseng roots, it is characterised in that mainly comprise the following steps：
(A) ginseng roots are dried, crushed, extracted to obtain leaching liquor using the mixed aqueous solution of methanol-ammoniacal liquor；
(B) by leaching liquor centrifugal filtration, quantitative analysis is carried out using high performance liquid chromatography, you can.
2. the extracting method of ginsenoside in ginseng roots according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the step (A)
In, for the mesh Task-size Controlling of crushing more than 60 mesh, more excellent is 70-100 mesh；
Preferably, the temperature of drying is 40-55 DEG C, and more excellent is 45 DEG C.
3. the extracting method of ginsenoside in ginseng roots according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the step (A)
In, the volume percent content of ammoniacal liquor is more excellent between 3-6% between 0.01-8% in the mixed aqueous solution of methanol-ammoniacal liquor.
4. the extracting method of ginsenoside in ginseng roots according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the step (A)
In, the mixed aqueous solution 20-50ml of every gram of ginseng roots addition methanol-ammoniacal liquor, is more preferably 30-40ml.
5. the extracting method of ginsenoside in ginseng roots according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the step (A)
In, in leaching process, 4-12h is first soaked, is then ultrasonically treated 20-40min；
Preferably, ultrasonic power control is in more than 500w；
Preferably, ultrasonic FREQUENCY CONTROL is more excellent between 45-50kHz in more than 40kHz；
Preferably, the time control of supersound process is in 20-40min.
6. the extracting method of ginsenoside in ginseng roots according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the step (A)
In, ginseng is more than 5 years raw fresh white ginsengs, no pit-hole, no small holes caused by worms.
7. the extracting method of ginsenoside in the ginseng roots according to claim any one of 1-6, it is characterised in that described
In step (B), the rotating speed of centrifugation is controlled between 8000-12000rpm, more excellent between 9000-10000rpm；
Preferably, the time of centrifugation is 5-20min, preferably 10min.
8. the extracting method of ginsenoside in the ginseng roots according to claim any one of 1-6, it is characterised in that described
In step (B), filtering uses filter membrane, and the aperture of filter membrane is below 0.22um.
9. the extracting method of ginsenoside in the ginseng roots according to claim any one of 1-6, it is characterised in that described
In step (B), the mobile phase of efficient liquid phase chromatographic analysis is used as acetonitrile-aqueous formic acid, 35-40 DEG C of column temperature, Detection wavelength
Between 200-210nm.
10. the extracting method of ginsenoside in the ginseng roots according to claim any one of 1-6, it is characterised in that institute
State in step (B), the chromatographic column of efficient liquid phase chromatographic analysis is ACQUITY UPLC BEH-C18.
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| CN201710970497.3A CN107737144A (en) | 2017-10-18 | 2017-10-18 | The extracting method of ginsenoside in a kind of ginseng roots |
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