CN107736309B

CN107736309B - Method for breeding high-fat fly maggots

Info

Publication number: CN107736309B
Application number: CN201711140101.9A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 罗乌支
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2017-11-16
Filing date: 2017-11-16
Publication date: 2020-11-06
Anticipated expiration: 2037-11-16
Also published as: CN107736309A

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of fly maggot breeding, and particularly relates to a breeding method of high-fat fly maggots. A method for breeding high-fat fly maggots comprises the following steps: the first stage, the second stage, the third stage and the fourth stage, separating the fly maggots and collecting the fly maggots. The method is a breeding method with the enlarged level according to the breeding area required by the production and development of the fly maggots, and compared with the traditional breeding method, the method can save more than 60 percent of area and improve the maggot yield by nearly 1 time in unit area; the method of the invention can ensure that the cultivated fly maggots contain higher oil.

Description

Method for breeding high-fat fly maggots

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of fly maggot breeding, and particularly relates to a breeding method of high-fat fly maggots.

Background

The housefly maggot breeding technology can obtain a plurality of beneficial results in nearly 30 years in China, and promotes the long-term development of the housefly maggot breeding industry. In the intervention of accumulation of various useful components in fly maggots, particularly accumulation of physiologically active substances, studies have been made deeply. For example, the experimental research of using a needle-prick method, an ultrasonic method, a culture material containing pathogenic bacteria and the like when an induction method is used for increasing the amount of the antibacterial protein generated by the fly maggots obtains more valuable results. However, no published literature reports on the accumulation of protein and fat by fly maggots have been found. Based on the state, the invention carries out experimental research on the fat accumulation of the fly maggots and masters a method capable of enabling the fly maggots to accumulate more fat in the growth and development.

The fly maggots contain a certain amount of fat in the body regardless of wild or artificial cultivation. Fat is an important component of cells in the body of animals and is an indispensable component for constituting cells. Fat is composed of three elements, carbon, hydrogen and oxygen, which are first combined to produce fatty acid and glycerol. The fatty acids are then combined with glycerol to form fats such as: 1 glycerol C₃H₅(0H)₃With 3 stearic acid (C)₁₇H₃₅COOH) to form 1 glycerol and 3 palmitic acids (C)₁₆H₃₅COOH) to form a fatty acid glyceride; 1 year Glycerol with 3 oleic acids (C)₁₇H₃₃COOH) to form glycerol oleate, etc. This class of compounds, which is a fat formed from 1 glycerol combined with 3 fatty acids, is commonly referred to as triglycerides.

The fat is divided into saturated fat and unsaturated fat, the chemical structure of the fat is double bond, the fat is unsaturated fat, and the single bond is saturated fat. Saturated fats are mostly solidified at normal temperature (20 ℃) and mostly animal oils, and unsaturated fats are mostly liquid at normal temperature and mostly vegetable oils, but the exception is that. Such as: fly maggot oil, mealworm oil, chinese migratory locust oil and the like are animal oils, but are liquid at normal temperature.

Fly maggots, whether wild or artificially cultivated, contain fat in their bodies, and the content of fat is influenced by the content of fat and carbohydrate in the feed, and the most important influence is the fat content. The fat content of fresh fly maggots is detected to be 2-7.5%. The fat content of the dry powder is 10-36%, and the data show that the fat content in the fly maggots is greatly fluctuated, the highest and the lowest difference is 2-3 times, although the fly maggot fat belongs to animal fat, the unsaturated fat in the fly maggot fat accounts for about 70%, and the fly maggot fat is close to vegetable oil. The fly maggot fat contains various fatty acids, such as stearic acid, oleic acid, heavy oleic acid, linolenic acid, arachidic acid, palmitic acid, palmitoleic acid, myristic acid, etc.

In recent years, application research on fly maggot oil has been carried out, and the following six results are obtained with high recognition:

1) the unsaturated fatty acid in the fly maggot oil is similar to the unsaturated fatty acid type of deep sea fish oil, and has the function of removing blood waste and free radicals.

2) The external application has obvious curative effect on skin burns, scalds, scratches, certain chemical burns and the like.

3) Has no irritation and anaphylaxis to damaged skin and normal skin.

4) Has obvious effect of resisting and killing staphylococcus aureus, pseudomonas aeruginosa, etc.

5) The fly maggot oil is used as raw material, neutral lipase is used for enzymolysis in sodium hydrogen phosphate as buffering agent to obtain fly maggot fatty acid mixture, which has good inhibiting and treating effects on integrase and reverse transcriptase of AIDS.

6) Has strong repelling and killing effects on pests such as the pseudogriseus oryzae and the pseudogriseus castanea which harm stored corn (wheat), rice, flour, sorghum, dried fruits, beans and traditional Chinese medicines, and edible fungi.

In addition to the above results, it is reported. Organizations and scholars are studying various growth factors of fly maggot oil.

The above results indicate that the application research of the fly maggot oil is still in the early stage, but has been shown to have a wide commercial prospect, however, the supply of the fly maggot oil is scarcely in short supply. Therefore, it is necessary to cultivate a high-fat fly maggot for extracting the fly maggot oil.

How much fat the fly maggot contains, just calculate the high content? There is currently no relevant standard, or there is no need to specify such a standard. In the invention, a limit is determined as an operation reference, the fresh-like maggot content is more than or equal to 6 percent, and the dry powder is more than or equal to 25 percent (according to the method of national food safety standard GB/T) as the limit of high fat content.

According to experimental observation, the housefly likes protein saccharides and not fats, especially bright oil, in terms of food liking. This condition is seen in daily life. For example: when the meat cured meat is made in autumn and winter, the liver and kidney of the cured meat, duck, fish, chicken and duck are taken out for outdoor airing, and a thin layer of vegetable oil is coated on the surface of the product, so that the housefly or the big-headed fly cannot sting and climb to pollute the product and lay eggs on the product. Housefly maggots have not been found to exhibit a negative tropism for bright oil, but have not been found to be liked by a greasy food on the surface, and have not been found to be offensive with hidden oil. The method is characterized in that single animal oil and single vegetable oil, bright oil and recessive oil are used; waste oils and single oils; raw lard and hot lard; the results of the food intake tendency of the same oil and the powdery feed after being fully mixed for 8 hours and after being mixed are tested and observed by using the combination of the oil and the powdery feed and the like are as follows:

animal oil > vegetable oil; recessive oil > visible oil; the miscellaneous oil is more than single oil; raw pork oil > cooked lard; the powder is mixed with the powder for 8 hours and then used after mixing.

In the quality evaluation of livestock and fish products, the fat content is not necessarily good, so that the lean type is selected instead of the high fat type in the variety selection. In the feed compounding of each stage in the breeding process, the fat content is limited to a certain extent, and the over-fertilization of the product is avoided. However, the cultivation of fly maggots with high fat is just opposite to the cultivation of edible livestock and poultry fish, because the cultivation of fly maggots with high fat aims to extract maggot oil. Therefore, it is desirable that the oil content of the cultured fly maggots is as high as possible. Under the conditions of proper temperature and sufficient nutrition of the feed, the time required from the small larvae to the mature maggots is very short, and is usually only 100-120 hours. Therefore, when the raised fly maggots are found to have low fat, the fly maggots have not been remedied. Therefore, the research on the amount of fat required by each stage of the growth and development of the fly maggots is particularly critical.

The information disclosed in this background section is only for enhancement of understanding of the general background of the invention and should not be taken as an acknowledgement or any form of suggestion that this information forms the prior art already known to a person skilled in the art.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to overcome the defects, the invention provides a method for breeding high-fat fly maggots, which is used for preparing 4 stages of feed by formulating the fat amount required by 4 stages of growth and development of the fly maggots through experiments. The fat content of the batch from hatching of the larvae to maturation is preferably 8%, 10% or 6%. Meanwhile, the function that the fly maggots can convert saturated fat into unsaturated fat is utilized, and the fat used in the ingredients is the raw material of the saturated fat.

The technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:

a method for breeding high-fat fly maggots comprises the following steps:

(1) on day 1, taking the material No. 1 as an induced egg material, wetting the induced egg material with clear water until the water content is 60-70%, then placing the wetted induced egg material in an egg collecting container with the thickness of 3-4cm, taking eggs for 2 times every day, taking out the egg collecting container without stirring egg blocks, and sending the taken out egg collecting container into an incubator for incubation for 10-12 hours to obtain larvae;

(2) on the 2 nd day, taking a maggot breeding container with the bottom area 1.5-2 times larger than that of the egg collecting container, paving 2-3cm thick maggots after humidity conditioning and moistening according to the density of the larvae breeding of 20-25 ten thousand per square meter by taking 2# material, and uniformly spreading the larvae hatched on the 1 st day and the material on the surface;

(3) on the 3 rd day, a maggot raising container with the bottom area 2-3 times larger than that of a maggot raising container used on the 2 nd day is adopted, the maggot raising container is wetted by taking 3# material according to the density of larvae raised by 10-16 ten thousand per square meter, the thickness of the maggot raising container is 3-4cm, and the maggots and the material cultured by the 2# material are uniformly spread on the surface;

(4) on the 4 th day, a maggot raising container with the bottom area 0.5 times larger than that of a maggot raising container used on the 3 rd day is adopted, the No. 4 material is taken for conditioning and wetting, then the maggot raising container is paved with the material with the thickness of 2-3cm, and then the maggot raised on the 3 rd day and the material are uniformly scattered on the surface;

(5) and (3) moving the maggots cultured in the 4 stages together with the maggot materials into a maggot material self-separation device, allowing the maggots to leave the culture materials automatically, collecting the maggot loading amount, and collecting the maggots.

Preferably, the egg collecting container in the step (1) is a washbasin-shaped container.

Preferably, the step (1) of taking eggs 2 times a day is as follows: 1 st at 12 noon: 00 taking out the eggs and simultaneously feeding the eggs into an egg collecting container filled with new materials; second 2 to 18 pm: 00 and taking out the eggs and simultaneously feeding the eggs into a newly-filled egg collecting container.

Preferably, the temperature of the incubator in the step (1) is 30 to 32 ℃.

Preferably, the material No. 1 in the step (1) comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 82% of wheat bran and 18% of peanut kernel; oil content is 8% and protein content is 9-11%.

Preferably, the 2# material in the step (2) comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 85% of wheat bran, 7.0% of soybean meal and 8% of lard oil; oil content is 8% and protein content is 9-11%.

Preferably, the 3# material in the step (3) comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 82.5% of wheat bran, 7.5% of soybean meal and 10% of lard oil; oil content is 10% and protein content is 9-11%.

Preferably, the material No. 4 in the step (4) comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 94% of wheat bran and 6% of lard oil; oil content is 6.0%, and protein content is 7.5-8.5%.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:

(1) the method of the invention is to cultivate the fly maggots in an air-conditioning room, the indoor temperature is controlled at 26-30 ℃, the highest temperature in the maggot feed is 34 ℃ under the condition of light dim, and the temperature is 3 noon. If the cultivation is carried out at natural air temperature, the cultivation may be carried out at a lower air temperature for a prolonged period of time. Incubation times at higher temperatures can take less time.

(2) The method of the invention is a breeding method with a grade enlarged according to the breeding area required by the production and development of the fly maggots, and compared with the traditional breeding method, the method can save more than 60 percent of area and improve the maggot yield by nearly 1 time per unit area.

(3) The method of the invention can ensure that the cultivated fly maggots contain higher oil.

Detailed Description

The following examples are given to better understand the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. The experimental procedures in the following examples are conventional unless otherwise specified.

Through tests, the batch mixture prepared by the invention is divided into 4 stages, namely 4 composts with different fat contents are prepared. The feed comprises a 1# material, a 2# material, a 3# material and a 4# material which are sequentially arranged, and the formula of the feed with each number is shown in the following table 1.

Table 1 batch composition table

Note: the wheat bran in the batch is a commercial grade 3 product, and contains 8.5% of protein. The soybean meal is low-temperature meal and contains 43% of protein. The peanut kernel (cooked) fat content is 43 percent, the protein content is 26 percent, and the lard is the oil-type saturated fat fried by the net oil stripped from the small intestine of the pig.

Example 1：

A method for breeding high-fat fly maggots comprises the following steps:

(1) on day 1, taking the material No. 1 as an induced egg material, wetting the induced egg material with clear water until the water content is 60-70%, then placing the wetted induced egg material in an egg collecting container with the thickness of 3-4cm, taking eggs for 2 times every day, taking out the egg collecting container without stirring egg blocks, and sending the taken out egg collecting container into an incubator for incubation for 10-12 hours to obtain larvae; the egg collecting container is a washbowl-shaped container; eggs were collected 2 times a day as: 1 st at 12 noon: 00 taking out the eggs and simultaneously feeding the eggs into an egg collecting container filled with new materials; second 2 to 18 pm: 00 taking out the eggs and simultaneously feeding the eggs into an egg collecting container filled with new materials; the temperature of the incubator is 30-32 ℃; the material 1 comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 82% of wheat bran and 18% of peanut kernel; oil content is 8% and protein content is 9-11%;

(2) on the 2 nd day, taking a maggot breeding container with the bottom area 1.5-2 times larger than that of the egg collecting container, paving 2-3cm thick maggots after humidity conditioning and moistening according to the density of the larvae breeding of 20-25 ten thousand per square meter by taking 2# material, and uniformly spreading the larvae hatched on the 1 st day and the material on the surface; the 2# material comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 85% of wheat bran, 7.0% of soybean meal and 8% of lard oil; oil content is 8% and protein content is 9-11%;

(3) on the 3 rd day, a maggot raising container with the bottom area 2-3 times larger than that of a maggot raising container used on the 2 nd day is adopted, the maggot raising container is wetted by taking 3# material according to the density of larvae raised by 10-16 ten thousand per square meter, the thickness of the maggot raising container is 3-4cm, and the maggots and the material cultured by the 2# material are uniformly spread on the surface; the 3# material comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 82.5% of wheat bran, 7.5% of soybean meal and 10% of lard oil; oil content is 10% and protein content is 9-11%;

(4) on the 4 th day, a maggot raising container with the bottom area 0.5 times larger than that of a maggot raising container used on the 3 rd day is adopted, the No. 4 material is taken for conditioning and wetting, then the maggot raising container is paved with the material with the thickness of 2-3cm, and then the maggot raised on the 3 rd day and the material are uniformly scattered on the surface; the No. 4 material comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 94% of wheat bran and 6% of lard oil; oil content of 6.0% and protein content of 7.5-8.5%;

Example 2：

The fly maggot breeding method is the same as that in example 1.

The results of obtaining maggot feed ratio, oil content and conversion rate under the condition of varying the oil content and oil form of the batch and fly species are shown in table 2.

TABLE 2 measurement of fly maggot-to-feed ratio, oil content and conversion rate

As can be seen from Table 2, the addition of oil in the fly maggot breeding ingredients enables the bred fly maggots to contain higher oil; the fly maggots can convert saturated fat into unsaturated fat; the fat content in the compound material for cultivating the fly maggots has an optimal value, and the higher the fat content is, the better the fat content is; the fly maggots can absorb and convert various waste oils; the big head flies have stronger capability of tolerating oil and absorbing converted oil than the houseflies.

The foregoing descriptions of specific exemplary embodiments of the present invention have been presented for purposes of illustration and description. It is not intended to limit the invention to the precise form disclosed, and obviously many modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teaching. The exemplary embodiments were chosen and described in order to explain certain principles of the invention and its practical application to enable one skilled in the art to make and use various exemplary embodiments of the invention and various alternatives and modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated. It is intended that the scope of the invention be defined by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A method for breeding high-fat fly maggots is characterized by comprising the following steps:

(5) transferring the maggots cultured in the 4 stages together with maggot materials into a maggot material self-separation device, allowing the maggots to leave the culture materials automatically, collecting maggot loading amount, and collecting maggots;

wherein the temperature of the incubator in the step (1) is 30-32 ℃;

the material 1# in the step (1) comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 82% of wheat bran and 18% of peanut kernel; oil content is 8% and protein content is 9-11%;

the 2# material in the step (2) comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 85% of wheat bran, 7.0% of soybean meal and 8% of lard oil; oil content is 8% and protein content is 9-11%;

the 3# material in the step (3) comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 82.5% of wheat bran, 7.5% of soybean meal and 10% of lard oil; oil content is 10% and protein content is 9-11%;

the 4# material in the step (4) comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 94% of wheat bran and 6% of lard oil; oil content is 6.0%, and protein content is 7.5-8.5%.

2. The method for culturing high-fat fly maggots according to claim 1, wherein said egg collecting container in step (1) is a washbowl-shaped container.

3. The method for culturing high-fat fly maggots according to claim 1, wherein the eggs are collected 2 times a day in step (1) as follows: 1 st at 12 noon: 00 taking out the eggs and simultaneously feeding the eggs into an egg collecting container filled with new materials; second 2 to 18 pm: 00 and taking out the eggs and simultaneously feeding the eggs into a newly-filled egg collecting container.