CN107706087B - Silicon wafer cleaning method - Google Patents

Silicon wafer cleaning method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN107706087B
CN107706087B CN201710720566.5A CN201710720566A CN107706087B CN 107706087 B CN107706087 B CN 107706087B CN 201710720566 A CN201710720566 A CN 201710720566A CN 107706087 B CN107706087 B CN 107706087B
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cleaning
silicon wafer
solution
mass fraction
texturing
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CN107706087A (en
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钱明明
徐建
贾泰
彭彪
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Huansheng Photovoltaic Jiangsu Co Ltd
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Huansheng Photovoltaic Jiangsu Co Ltd
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01LSEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L21/00Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
    • H01L21/02Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
    • H01L21/02041Cleaning
    • H01L21/02057Cleaning during device manufacture
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C30CRYSTAL GROWTH
    • C30BSINGLE-CRYSTAL GROWTH; UNIDIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION OF EUTECTIC MATERIAL OR UNIDIRECTIONAL DEMIXING OF EUTECTOID MATERIAL; REFINING BY ZONE-MELTING OF MATERIAL; PRODUCTION OF A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; SINGLE CRYSTALS OR HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; AFTER-TREATMENT OF SINGLE CRYSTALS OR A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C30B33/00After-treatment of single crystals or homogeneous polycrystalline material with defined structure
    • C30B33/08Etching
    • C30B33/10Etching in solutions or melts
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01LSEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L31/00Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L31/18Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment of these devices or of parts thereof
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/50Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product

Abstract

The invention discloses a silicon wafer cleaning method which comprises the steps of front cleaning, texturing, post cleaning, acid washing, cleaning and drying. According to the invention, the mixed solution of hydrogen peroxide, ammonia water and deionized water is added before acid washing, so that metal ions of the silicon wafer can be removed more effectively, organic cost and particles on the surface of the silicon wafer can be cleaned, and the surface contamination of the silicon wafer is reduced (the cleaning mode removes the particles on the surface of the silicon wafer through alkaline oxidation, and can oxidize and remove organic matters and metal contamination on the surface), so that the silicon wafer is cleaned more cleanly, and the conversion efficiency of 0.03-0.05% of the cell is improved.

Description

Silicon wafer cleaning method
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of solar cell processes, particularly relates to an alkali texturing process in a solar cell manufacturing process, and particularly relates to a silicon wafer cleaning method.
Background
In the conventional alkali texturing process, after the alkali texturing corrosion is finished, only by soaking in a mixed solution of hydrochloric acid, hydrofluoric acid and deionized water, the concentration of the hydrofluoric acid is 3-7%, the concentration of the hydrochloric acid is 68-12%, and cleaning for 5 minutes, the method can only remove part of metal ions and oxide layers on the surface of the silicon wafer, and has poor effect on removing particulate matters and organic components.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a cleaning process scheme of a silicon wafer, and aims to improve the cleaning effect of the silicon wafer in an alkali texturing process and reduce the concentration of organic matters, particles and metal impurities on the surface of the silicon wafer, so that the conversion efficiency is improved.
The technical scheme is as follows: a method for cleaning a silicon wafer, which is used in an alkali texturing process, comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: front cleaning, wherein the volume ratio of the front cleaning liquid is 1: 8: 100 parts of a mixed solution of sodium hydroxide solution, hydrogen peroxide and deionized water, and cleaning the silicon wafer for 2-5 min by using a cleaning solution before use at 40-80 ℃;
step two: texturing: the volume ratio of the texturing cleaning solution is 7: 1: 120, cleaning a silicon wafer at 75-90 ℃ for 10-20 min by using a texturing cleaning solution, wherein the additive is a Nikko TS41 additive;
step three: post-cleaning: the volume ratio of the post-cleaning liquid is 1: 1: 10, using the silicon wafer at 40-80 ℃, and then cleaning the silicon wafer for 1-5 min by using a cleaning solution;
step IV: acid washing: the volume ratio of the pickling solution is 1: 2: 5, washing the silicon wafer by using hydrofluoric acid, hydrochloric acid and deionized water solution at the temperature of 20-40 ℃ for 2-8 min by using a pickling solution;
step five: washing with deionized water at 20-40 ℃ for 2-8 min;
step (c): carrying out slow pulling cleaning at 60-80 ℃ by using deionized water, wherein the speed is controlled at 2-10 mm/s;
step (c): drying with 60-80 deg.C hot air for 4-8 min.
Preferably, in the step I, the mass fraction of the sodium hydroxide solution is 30-45%, and the mass fraction of the hydrogen peroxide solution is 10-30%.
Preferably, in the step II, the mass fraction of the sodium hydroxide solution is 30-45%.
Preferably, in the third step, the mass fraction of the hydrogen peroxide is 10-30%, and the mass fraction of the ammonia water is 10-30%.
Preferably, in the step (iv), the mass fraction of the hydrofluoric acid is 20% -50%, and the mass fraction of the hydrochloric acid is 20% -50%.
Preferably, ultrasonic treatment is performed in the post-cleaning process in the step III.
More preferably, the frequency of the ultrasonic wave is 20-30 KHz.
Preferably, the bubbling treatment is performed in the acid washing process of the step (iv).
Preferably, the bubbling treatment is carried out in the washing process of the step (sixthly).
The invention has the advantages of
The mixed solution of hydrogen peroxide, ammonia water and deionized water is added before acid washing, so that metal ions of the silicon wafer can be removed more effectively, organic cost and particles on the surface of the silicon wafer can be cleaned, and surface dirt of the silicon wafer is reduced (the cleaning mode removes particles on the surface of the silicon wafer through alkaline oxidation and can oxidize and remove organic matters and metal pollution on the surface), so that the silicon wafer is cleaned more cleanly, and the conversion efficiency of the cell is improved.
By using the cleaning method disclosed by the invention, metal ions and organic solvents on the surface after texturing can be effectively removed, and the tip of the gold sub-tower generating the textured surface is subjected to tip elimination treatment, so that the damage of diffused PN junctions on the tower tip is reduced, and the open voltage of the battery piece is improved, thereby achieving the effect improvement effect of 0.03-0.05%. The efficiency of the battery end is improved by 0.05 percent, the power is improved by 0.012W, 60 pieces of the module end can be increased by 0.75W, the power generation power of the module is increased by about 0.25 percent, the power consumption cost of a photovoltaic power station can be reduced, and the photovoltaic power station plays a positive role in the leveling of the photovoltaic power generation on the internet.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated by the following examples, without limiting the scope of the invention:
the method is suitable for the alkali texturing process for producing the conventional battery piece, the PERC battery piece and the double-sided battery piece in a large scale by taking the P-type and N-type monocrystalline silicon pieces as raw materials, wherein the thickness of the silicon pieces is suitable for 140-220 micrometers.
Example 1:
a method for cleaning a silicon wafer, which is used in an alkali texturing process, comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: front cleaning, wherein the volume ratio of the front cleaning liquid is 1: 8: 100 of sodium hydroxide solution, hydrogen peroxide and deionized water, and cleaning the silicon wafer for 2min by using a pre-cleaning solution at 40 ℃;
in the first step, the mass fraction of the sodium hydroxide solution is 30 percent, and the mass fraction of the hydrogen peroxide is 10 percent.
Step two: texturing: the volume ratio of the texturing cleaning solution is 7: 1: 120, and cleaning a silicon wafer for 10min at 75 ℃ by using a texturing cleaning solution, wherein the additive is a Shishao TS41 additive;
in the second step, the mass fraction of the sodium hydroxide solution is 30%.
Step three: post-cleaning: the volume ratio of the post-cleaning liquid is 1: 1: 10 of hydrogen peroxide, ammonia water and deionized water solution, and cleaning the silicon wafer for 1min by using a cleaning solution at the temperature of 40 ℃;
in the third step, the mass fraction of the hydrogen peroxide is 10 percent, and the mass fraction of the ammonia water is 10 percent.
And step three, performing ultrasonic treatment in the post-cleaning process, wherein the ultrasonic frequency is 20 KHz.
Step IV: acid washing: the volume ratio of the pickling solution is 1: 2: 5, washing the silicon wafer for 2min by using a pickling solution at the temperature of 20 ℃ by using hydrofluoric acid, hydrochloric acid and a deionized water solution;
in the fourth step, the mass fraction of the hydrofluoric acid is 20%, and the mass fraction of the hydrochloric acid is 20%.
And fourthly, bubbling treatment is carried out in the acid washing process of the step IV.
Step five: washing with deionized water at 20 deg.C for 2 min;
step (c): carrying out slow pulling cleaning at 60 ℃ by using deionized water, wherein the speed is controlled at 2 mm/s;
and sixthly, carrying out bubbling treatment in the cleaning process.
Step (c): drying with 60 deg.C hot air for 4 min.
By using the cleaning method of the embodiment, metal ions and organic solvents on the surface after texturing can be effectively removed, and the tip of the gold sub-tower generating the textured surface is removed, so that the damage of the tower tip out of a diffused PN junction is reduced, the open voltage of the battery piece is improved, and the effect improvement effect is 0.03-0.05%.
Example 2:
a method for cleaning a silicon wafer, which is used in an alkali texturing process, comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: front cleaning, wherein the volume ratio of the front cleaning liquid is 1: 8: 100 of sodium hydroxide solution, hydrogen peroxide and deionized water, and cleaning the silicon wafer for 5min by using a pre-cleaning solution at 80 ℃;
in the first step, the mass fraction of the sodium hydroxide solution is 30-45%, and the mass fraction of the hydrogen peroxide is 30%.
Step two: texturing: the volume ratio of the texturing cleaning solution is 7: 1: 120, and cleaning a silicon wafer for 20min at 90 ℃ by using a texturing cleaning solution, wherein the additive is a Shizuo TS41 additive;
in the second step, the mass fraction of the sodium hydroxide solution is 45%.
Step three: post-cleaning: the volume ratio of the post-cleaning liquid is 1: 1: 10 of hydrogen peroxide, ammonia water and deionized water solution, and cleaning the silicon wafer for 5min by using a cleaning solution at the temperature of 80 ℃;
in the third step, the mass fraction of the hydrogen peroxide is 30 percent, and the mass fraction of the ammonia water is 30 percent.
And step three, performing ultrasonic treatment in the post-cleaning process, wherein the ultrasonic frequency is 30 KHz.
Step IV: acid washing: the volume ratio of the pickling solution is 1: 2: 5, washing the silicon wafer by using a pickling solution at 40 ℃ for 8min by using hydrofluoric acid, hydrochloric acid and a deionized water solution;
in the fourth step, the mass fraction of the hydrofluoric acid is 50%, and the mass fraction of the hydrochloric acid is 50%.
And fourthly, bubbling treatment is carried out in the acid washing process of the step IV.
Step five: washing with deionized water at 40 deg.C for 8 min;
step (c): carrying out slow pulling cleaning at 80 ℃ by using deionized water, wherein the speed is controlled at 10 mm/s;
and sixthly, carrying out bubbling treatment in the cleaning process.
Step (c): drying for 8 minutes by adopting hot air at 80 ℃.
By using the cleaning method of the embodiment, metal ions and organic solvents on the surface after texturing can be effectively removed, and the tip of the gold sub-tower generating the textured surface is removed, so that the damage of the tower tip out of a diffused PN junction is reduced, the open voltage of the battery piece is improved, and the effect improvement effect is 0.03-0.05%.
Example 3:
a method for cleaning a silicon wafer, which is used in an alkali texturing process, comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: front cleaning, wherein the volume ratio of the front cleaning liquid is 1: 8: 100 of sodium hydroxide solution, hydrogen peroxide and deionized water, and cleaning the silicon wafer for 3min by using a pre-cleaning solution at 60 ℃;
in the first step, the mass fraction of the sodium hydroxide solution is 40%, and the mass fraction of the hydrogen peroxide is 20%.
Step two: texturing: the volume ratio of the texturing cleaning solution is 7: 1: 120, cleaning a silicon wafer at 85 ℃ for 10-20 min by using a texturing cleaning solution, wherein the additive is a Nikko TS41 additive;
in the second step, the mass fraction of the sodium hydroxide solution is 40%.
Step three: post-cleaning: the volume ratio of the post-cleaning liquid is 1: 1: 10 of hydrogen peroxide, ammonia water and deionized water solution, and cleaning the silicon wafer for 3min by using a cleaning solution at the temperature of 60 ℃;
in the third step, the mass fraction of the hydrogen peroxide is 20 percent, and the mass fraction of the ammonia water is 20 percent.
And step three, performing ultrasonic treatment in the post-cleaning process, wherein the ultrasonic frequency is 25 KHz.
Step IV: acid washing: the volume ratio of the pickling solution is 1: 2: 5, washing the silicon wafer by using a pickling solution at 30 ℃ for 5 min;
in the fourth step, the mass fraction of the hydrofluoric acid is 35%, and the mass fraction of the hydrochloric acid is 35%.
And fourthly, bubbling treatment is carried out in the acid washing process of the step IV.
Step five: washing with deionized water at 30 deg.C for 5 min;
step (c): carrying out slow pulling cleaning at 70 ℃ by using deionized water, wherein the speed is controlled at 6 mm/s;
and sixthly, carrying out bubbling treatment in the cleaning process.
Step (c): drying for 6 minutes by adopting hot air at 70 ℃.
By using the cleaning method of the embodiment, metal ions and organic solvents on the surface after texturing can be effectively removed, and the tip of the gold sub-tower generating the textured surface is removed, so that the damage of the tower tip out of a diffused PN junction is reduced, the open voltage of the battery piece is improved, and the effect improvement effect is 0.03-0.05%.
The specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the spirit of the invention. Various modifications or additions may be made to the described embodiments or alternatives may be employed by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit or ambit of the invention as defined in the appended claims.

Claims (5)

1. A method for cleaning a silicon wafer, which is used in an alkali texturing process, comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: pre-cleaning: the volume ratio of the front cleaning liquid is 1: 8: 100 parts of a mixed solution of sodium hydroxide solution, hydrogen peroxide and deionized water, and cleaning the silicon wafer for 2-5 min by using a cleaning solution before use at 40-80 ℃; the mass fraction of the sodium hydroxide solution is 30-45%, and the mass fraction of the hydrogen peroxide is 10-30%;
step two: texturing: the volume ratio of the texturing cleaning solution is 7: 1: 120, cleaning a silicon wafer at 75-90 ℃ for 10-20 min by using a texturing cleaning solution, wherein the additive is a Nikko TS41 additive; the mass fraction of the sodium hydroxide solution is 30-45%;
step three: post-cleaning: the volume ratio of the post-cleaning liquid is 1: 1: 10, using the silicon wafer at 40-80 ℃, and then cleaning the silicon wafer for 1-5 min by using a cleaning solution; the mass fraction of the hydrogen peroxide is 10-30 percent, and the mass fraction of the ammonia water is 10-30 percent;
step IV: acid washing: the volume ratio of the pickling solution is 1: 2: 5, washing the silicon wafer by using hydrofluoric acid, hydrochloric acid and deionized water solution at the temperature of 20-40 ℃ for 2-8 min by using a pickling solution; the mass fraction of the hydrofluoric acid is 20-50%, and the mass fraction of the hydrochloric acid is 20-50%;
step five: washing with deionized water at 20-40 ℃ for 2-8 min;
step (c): carrying out slow pulling cleaning at 60-80 ℃ by using deionized water, wherein the speed is controlled at 2-10 mm/s;
step (c): drying with 60-80 deg.C hot air for 4-8 min.
2. The cleaning method according to claim 1, wherein the post-cleaning process of step (c) is performed by ultrasonic treatment.
3. The cleaning method according to claim 2, wherein the frequency of the ultrasonic wave is 20 to 30 KHz.
4. The cleaning method according to claim 1, wherein the bubbling treatment is performed during the acid washing in the step (iv).
5. The cleaning method according to claim 1, wherein the bubbling treatment is performed during the cleaning process in the step (sixty).
CN201710720566.5A 2017-08-21 2017-08-21 Silicon wafer cleaning method Active CN107706087B (en)

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CN108746042B (en) * 2018-03-26 2020-09-01 江苏金晖光伏有限公司 Cleaning method for single and polycrystalline silicon wafers cut by diamond wire saw
CN108649098A (en) * 2018-04-19 2018-10-12 常州捷佳创精密机械有限公司 A kind of method of silicon chip single side etching polishing
CN108766869A (en) * 2018-05-30 2018-11-06 苏州日弈新电子科技有限公司 A kind of silicon chip of solar cell slot type cleaning method
CN109604244A (en) * 2018-11-27 2019-04-12 上海申和热磁电子有限公司 A kind of cleaning method of suitable ultra thin silicon wafers
CN109675858A (en) * 2018-12-20 2019-04-26 天津中环领先材料技术有限公司 A kind of cleaning process after wafer thinning
CN110479691A (en) * 2019-07-29 2019-11-22 江苏顺风新能源科技有限公司 A kind of cleaning method of solar battery dried flower basket
CN111969078B (en) * 2020-08-04 2022-06-14 东莞南玻光伏科技有限公司 Texturing method of monocrystalline silicon wafer, monocrystalline silicon solar cell and preparation method of monocrystalline silicon solar cell
CN112928185B (en) * 2021-02-10 2023-10-20 浙江工业大学 Preparation method of silicon surface passivation layer
CN113253581A (en) * 2021-05-13 2021-08-13 中国振华集团永光电子有限公司(国营第八七三厂) Method for removing photoresist after ion implantation
CN113990984B (en) * 2021-10-26 2023-10-10 通威太阳能(金堂)有限公司 Cleaning method of PERC crystalline silicon battery
CN114653668A (en) * 2022-03-31 2022-06-24 乌海市晶易硅材料有限公司 Method for removing oxide layer on surface of silicon material

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CN104393118B (en) * 2014-12-02 2016-08-17 常州天合光能有限公司 The crystal silicon solar batteries Wet chemical processing method that making herbs into wool is carried out with cleaning substep

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