CN107696217B - 一种抗弯竹木复合板的制备方法 - Google Patents

一种抗弯竹木复合板的制备方法 Download PDF

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CN107696217B
CN107696217B CN201710926349.1A CN201710926349A CN107696217B CN 107696217 B CN107696217 B CN 107696217B CN 201710926349 A CN201710926349 A CN 201710926349A CN 107696217 B CN107696217 B CN 107696217B
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wood
bamboo
placing
bamboo skin
wood chips
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CN107696217A (zh
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张文飞
殷小祥
陈龙
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Foshan Nanhai Shishan Guanfeng Wood Products Co ltd
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Foshan Nanhai District Shishan Guan Feng Wood Products Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种抗弯竹木复合板的制备方法，属于建筑板材技术领域。本发明将木腐菌和培养基搅拌混合，培养活化，得木腐菌液；将竹篾经过木腐菌液浸泡，进行冻融循环，得预处理竹篾，干燥，涂胶，热压，冷却，切割，得表板；将选好木材粉碎，得木屑，再经过木腐菌液浸泡，取出，进行冻融循环，得预处理木屑，干燥，胶混，热压，冷却，切割，得木芯板；再将表板‑胶粘剂‑木芯板‑胶粘剂‑表板组坯，经过热压，冷却，即得抗弯竹木复合板。本发明提供的竹木复合板具有优异的抗弯性能和胶合强度。

Description

一种抗弯竹木复合板的制备方法
技术领域
本发明公开了一种抗弯竹木复合板的制备方法，属于建筑板材技术领域。
背景技术
随着经济的发展和人口的增长，人类对木材和木制品的需求不断上升；然而，因森林资源的减少和森林砍伐的限制，使得木材供需矛盾日益突显。竹子以其分布广、生长周期短、材性良好等特点，成为补充木材的首选原料。目前竹材资源相对丰富，大力开发利用竹材资源，是缓解木材供需矛盾的有效途径之一。竹材强度高、韧性大、耐磨性好，作为工程结构材料具有广阔的应用前景，尤其以竹材和人工林木材制造竹/木复合材料，可以充分合理地发挥竹材和木材各自的特性，获得既降低生产成本，又保证产品内在和外观质量的双重效益，具有极大的发展潜力。近年来，随着竹木复合结构材料在汽车、船舶、铁路、车辆制造及建筑业等领域的广泛应用，人们也越来越重视对竹木复合结构材料的研究。
以竹材与木材为原料复合成一种新型材料，既能充分利用竹材的优势，又可弥补其性能上的缺陷，对此人们进行了大量的研究。普通竹材板生产工艺简单，产品具有较好的刚性和较高的内结合强度，但其静曲强度较低，表面粗糙，断面孔隙较多。木材板具有较高的静曲强度，断面密实，表面平滑，但其内结合强度和刚度较低。如果将竹材、木材为原料生产一种复合人造板材，使这种竹木复合板充分利用了竹材碎料强度高、硬度大、刚性好和木材纤维柔韧性、交织性、塑性好的特点，二者取长补短。
剪切强度是抵抗剪应力的最大能力或在平行于胶层的载荷作用下，胶接试件破坏时单位面积所承受的剪切力。水平剪切强度主要反映人造板试件在外加载荷的作用下各层间的胶合性能，对人造板在使用过程中的安全性起着重要的作用抗弯强度和胶合强度（剪切强度）。
复合材中，水平剪切强度又称层间剪切强度，当层合板复合材料在横向载荷作用下，将在横截面内产生剪应力，按照剪应力互等定律，构成层间剪应力，很容易导致层间的分层破坏，而层间分层将会严重降低层合板的刚度和强度。所以，层间应力和层间强度等层间问题是复合材料设计中必须考虑的重要问题。
因此，制备一种兼具优异的抗弯性能和胶合强度的竹木复合板，成为其在建筑板材行业的发展及更广阔的领域应用亟待解决的问题。
发明内容
本发明主要解决的技术问题是：针对传统竹木复合板抗弯性能差及胶合强度低的问题，提供了一种抗弯竹木复合板的制备方法。
为了解决上述技术问题，本发明所采用的技术方案是：
（1）木腐菌液的制备：将木腐菌和培养基按质量比1：10～1：20搅拌混合，培养活化，得木腐菌液；
（2）表板的制备：将竹篾经过木腐菌液浸泡，进行冻融循环，得预处理竹篾，干燥，涂胶粘剂，热压，冷却，切割，得表板；
（3）木芯板的制备：将选好木材粉碎，得木屑，再经过木腐菌液浸泡，进行冻融循环，得预处理木屑，干燥，与胶粘剂混合，热压，冷却，切割，得木芯板；
（4）竹木复合板的制备：将表板-胶粘剂-木芯板-胶粘剂-表板组坯，经过热压，冷却，即得抗弯竹木复合板。
步骤（1）所述培养基的制备过程为：按重量份数计，将50～60份甘蔗渣，10～20份干牛粪，1～2份滑石粉球磨，得混合粉末，按质量比1：100～1：120将混合粉末和水搅拌混合，得培养基。
步骤（2）所述热压条件为：温度为120～130℃，压力为2.3～3.2MPa。
步骤（2）所述预处理竹篾还可以浸泡于双氧水中；所述双氧水的质量分数为10～20%。
步骤（3）所述热压条件为：温度为130～140℃，压力为10～15MPa。
步骤（3）所述木材为杨木，杉木或松木中的任意一种。
步骤（3）所述预处理木屑还可以浸泡于双氧水中；所述双氧水的质量分数为10～20%。
步骤（4）所述热压条件为：温度为120～130℃，压力为3.3～4.3MPa。
所述胶粘剂为酚醛树脂胶粘剂，脲醛树脂胶粘剂或环氧树脂胶粘剂中的任意一种。
本发明的有益效果是：
（1）本发明提供的抗弯竹木复合板，冷冻过程中，板材内部间隙及细胞内水分结冰而发生体积膨胀，使板材内部间隙拓宽，促使胶粘剂在胶合过程中深入木屑孔隙中，增强复合板的胶合强度，解冻后，再次浸泡过程中，水分携带木腐菌更进一步渗入板材内部间隙，使板材细胞壁中蜡质成分降解，使板材中影响粘结强度的蜡质成分得到充分去除，通过反复的冻融，丰富了竹篾和木屑内部的孔隙率，增强表板与板芯间的界面相容性，进一步增强复合板的胶合强度；其次，通过将木屑粉碎，再用胶粘结成板芯，增强复合板的韧性，从而增强复合板的抗弯强度；
（2）本发明提供的抗弯竹木复合板，在制备过程中，当竹篾和木屑浸泡木腐菌液后，再用双氧水浸泡，一方面，可杀死竹篾与木屑中残留的木腐菌，避免后期残留的木腐菌腐蚀复合板，另一方面，由于竹篾和木屑中的木质素含有大量羟基，通过双氧水浸泡，将部分羟基氧化成羧基，在胶合过程中，反应生成的羧基与未反应的羟基形成化学键合，增强复合板的胶合强度。
具体实施方式
按重量份数计，将50～60份甘蔗渣，10～20份干牛粪，1～2份滑石粉球磨，得混合粉末，按质量比1：100～1：120将混合粉末和水搅拌混合，得培养基；将木腐菌和培养基按质量比1：10～1：20加入单口烧瓶中，于转速为300～400r/min条件下，搅拌混合20～30min后，将单口烧瓶移入温室中，培养活化5～6h，得木腐菌液；先将竹篾置于木腐菌液中浸泡15～30min后，取出，得浸泡竹篾，再将浸泡竹篾置于冰柜中，于温度为-10～-15℃条件下冷冻3～4h，得冷冻竹篾，并将冷冻竹篾置于室温条件下，自然解冻3～5天，如此浸泡冻融循环5～7次，得预处理竹篾，再将预处理竹篾置于质量分数为10～20%的双氧水中浸泡20～30min，得活化竹篾，随后将活化竹篾置于真空冷冻干燥箱中干燥20～30min，得干燥竹篾，再向干燥竹篾上涂胶粘剂，胶层厚度为1～3mm，得竹篾坯料，将所得竹篾坯料置于热压成型机，于温度为120～130℃，压力为2.3～3.2MPa条件下热压10～20min后，自然冷却至室温，再经切割，得表板；随后将选好木材置于粉碎机中粉碎20～30min，得木屑，再将所得木屑置于木腐菌液中浸泡15～30min后，取出，得浸泡木屑，再将浸泡木屑置于冰柜中，于温度为-10～-15℃条件下冷冻3～4h，得冷冻木屑，并将冷冻木屑置于室温条件下，自然解冻3～5天，如此浸泡冻融循环5～7次，得预处理木屑，再将预处理木屑置于质量分数为10～20%的双氧水中浸泡20～30min，得活化木屑，随后将活化木屑置于真空冷冻干燥箱中干燥20～30min，得干燥木屑，再将所得干燥木屑和胶粘剂加入混料机中，于转速为600～800r/min条件下搅拌混合，得混合坯料，将所得混合坯料置于热压成型机，于温度为130～140℃，压力为10～15MPa条件下热压10～20min后，自然冷却至室温，再经切割，得木芯板；再按表板-胶粘剂-木芯板-胶粘剂-表板顺序组合，得坯料，再将坯料置于热压成型机，于温度为120～130℃，压力为3.3～4.3MPa条件下热压10～20min后，自然冷却至室温，即得抗弯竹木复合板。所述胶粘剂为酚醛树脂胶粘剂，脲醛树脂胶粘剂或环氧树脂胶粘剂中的任意一种。所述木材为杨木，杉木或松木中的任意一种。
实例1
按重量份数计，将60份甘蔗渣，20份干牛粪，2份滑石粉球磨，得混合粉末，按质量比1：120将混合粉末和水搅拌混合，得培养基；将木腐菌和培养基按质量比1：20加入单口烧瓶中，于转速为400r/min条件下，搅拌混合30min后，将单口烧瓶移入温室中，培养活化6h，得木腐菌液；先将竹篾置于木腐菌液中浸泡30min后，取出，得浸泡竹篾，再将浸泡竹篾置于冰柜中，于温度为-15℃条件下冷冻4h，得冷冻竹篾，并将冷冻竹篾置于室温条件下，自然解冻5天，如此浸泡冻融循环7次，得预处理竹篾，再将预处理竹篾置于质量分数为20%的双氧水中浸泡30min，得活化竹篾，随后将活化竹篾置于真空冷冻干燥箱中干燥30min，得干燥竹篾，再向干燥竹篾上涂胶粘剂，胶层厚度为3mm，得竹篾坯料，将所得竹篾坯料置于热压成型机，于温度为130℃，压力为3.2MPa条件下热压20min后，自然冷却至室温，再经切割，得表板；随后将选好木材置于粉碎机中粉碎30min，得木屑，再将所得木屑置于木腐菌液中浸泡30min后，取出，得浸泡木屑，再将浸泡木屑置于冰柜中，于温度为-15℃条件下冷冻4h，得冷冻木屑，并将冷冻木屑置于室温条件下，自然解冻5天，如此浸泡冻融循环7次，得预处理木屑，再将预处理木屑置于质量分数为20%的双氧水中浸泡30min，得活化木屑，随后将活化木屑置于真空冷冻干燥箱中干燥30min，得干燥木屑，再将所得干燥木屑和胶粘剂加入混料机中，于转速为800r/min条件下搅拌混合，得混合坯料，将所得混合坯料置于热压成型机，于温度为140℃，压力为15MPa条件下热压20min后，自然冷却至室温，再经切割，得木芯板；再按表板-胶粘剂-木芯板-胶粘剂-表板顺序组合，得坯料，再将坯料置于热压成型机，于温度为130℃，压力为4.3MPa条件下热压20min后，自然冷却至室温，即得抗弯竹木复合板。所述胶粘剂为酚醛树脂胶粘剂。所述木材为松木。
实例2
按重量份数计，将60份甘蔗渣，20份干牛粪，2份滑石粉球磨，得混合粉末，按质量比1：120将混合粉末和水搅拌混合，得培养基；再将竹篾置于质量分数为20%的双氧水中浸泡30min，得活化竹篾，随后将活化竹篾置于真空冷冻干燥箱中干燥30min，得干燥竹篾，再向干燥竹篾上涂胶粘剂，胶层厚度为3mm，得竹篾坯料，将所得竹篾坯料置于热压成型机，于温度为130℃，压力为3.2MPa条件下热压20min后，自然冷却至室温，再经切割，得表板；随后将选好木材置于粉碎机中粉碎30min，得木屑，再将木屑置于质量分数为20%的双氧水中浸泡30min，得活化木屑，随后将活化木屑置于真空冷冻干燥箱中干燥30min，得干燥木屑，再将所得干燥木屑和胶粘剂加入混料机中，于转速为800r/min条件下搅拌混合，得混合坯料，将所得混合坯料置于热压成型机，于温度为140℃，压力为15MPa条件下热压20min后，自然冷却至室温，再经切割，得木芯板；再按表板-胶粘剂-木芯板-胶粘剂-表板顺序组合，得坯料，再将坯料置于热压成型机，于温度为130℃，压力为4.3MPa条件下热压20min后，自然冷却至室温，即得抗弯竹木复合板。所述胶粘剂为酚醛树脂胶粘剂。所述木材为松木。
实例3
按重量份数计，将60份甘蔗渣，20份干牛粪，2份滑石粉球磨，得混合粉末，按质量比1：120将混合粉末和水搅拌混合，得培养基；将木腐菌和培养基按质量比1：20加入单口烧瓶中，于转速为400r/min条件下，搅拌混合30min后，将单口烧瓶移入温室中，培养活化6h，得木腐菌液；先将竹篾置于木腐菌液中浸泡30min后，取出，得浸泡竹篾，再将浸泡竹篾置于冰柜中，于温度为-15℃条件下冷冻4h，得冷冻竹篾，并将冷冻竹篾置于室温条件下，自然解冻5天，如此浸泡冻融循环7次，得预处理竹篾，随后将预处理竹篾置于真空冷冻干燥箱中干燥30min，得干燥竹篾，再向干燥竹篾上涂胶粘剂，胶层厚度为3mm，得竹篾坯料，将所得竹篾坯料置于热压成型机，于温度为130℃，压力为3.2MPa条件下热压20min后，自然冷却至室温，再经切割，得表板；随后将选好木材置于粉碎机中粉碎30min，得木屑，再将所得木屑置于木腐菌液中浸泡30min后，取出，得浸泡木屑，再将浸泡木屑置于冰柜中，于温度为-15℃条件下冷冻4h，得冷冻木屑，并将冷冻木屑置于室温条件下，自然解冻5天，如此浸泡冻融循环7次，得预处理木屑，随后将预处理木屑置于真空冷冻干燥箱中干燥30min，得干燥木屑，再将所得干燥木屑和胶粘剂加入混料机中，于转速为800r/min条件下搅拌混合，得混合坯料，将所得混合坯料置于热压成型机，于温度为140℃，压力为15MPa条件下热压20min后，自然冷却至室温，再经切割，得木芯板；再按表板-胶粘剂-木芯板-胶粘剂-表板顺序组合，得坯料，再将坯料置于热压成型机，于温度为130℃，压力为4.3MPa条件下热压20min后，自然冷却至室温，即得抗弯竹木复合板。所述胶粘剂为酚醛树脂胶粘剂。所述木材为松木。
实例4
按重量份数计，将60份甘蔗渣，20份干牛粪，2份滑石粉球磨，得混合粉末，按质量比1：120将混合粉末和水搅拌混合，得培养基；将木腐菌和培养基按质量比1：20加入单口烧瓶中，于转速为400r/min条件下，搅拌混合30min后，将单口烧瓶移入温室中，培养活化6h，得木腐菌液；先将竹篾置于木腐菌液中浸泡30min后，取出，得浸泡竹篾，再将浸泡竹篾置于冰柜中，于温度为-15℃条件下冷冻4h，得冷冻竹篾，并将冷冻竹篾置于室温条件下，自然解冻5天，如此浸泡冻融循环7次，得预处理竹篾，再将预处理竹篾置于质量分数为20%的双氧水中浸泡30min，得活化竹篾，随后将活化竹篾置于真空冷冻干燥箱中干燥30min，得干燥竹篾，再向干燥竹篾上涂胶粘剂，胶层厚度为3mm，得竹篾坯料，将所得竹篾坯料置于热压成型机，于温度为130℃，压力为3.2MPa条件下热压20min后，自然冷却至室温，再经切割，得表板；随后将选好松木板置于木腐菌液中浸泡30min后，取出，得浸泡松木板，再将浸泡松木板置于冰柜中，于温度为-15℃条件下冷冻4h，得冷冻松木板，并将冷冻松木板置于室温条件下，自然解冻5天，如此浸泡冻融循环7次，得预处理松木板，再将预处理松木板置于质量分数为20%的双氧水中浸泡30min，得活化松木板，随后将活化松木板置于真空冷冻干燥箱中干燥30min，得干燥松木板，再向干燥松木板上涂胶粘剂，胶层厚度为3mm，的松木坯料，将所得松木坯料置于热压成型机，于温度为140℃，压力为15MPa条件下热压20min后，自然冷却至室温，再经切割，得木芯板；再按表板-胶粘剂-木芯板-胶粘剂-表板顺序组合，得坯料，再将坯料置于热压成型机，于温度为130℃，压力为4.3MPa条件下热压20min后，自然冷却至室温，即得抗弯竹木复合板。所述胶粘剂为酚醛树脂胶粘剂。
对比例：安吉县某竹木业有限公司生产的竹木复合板。
将实例1至4所得的抗弯竹木复合板及对比例产品进行性能检测，具体检测方法如下：
1.抗弯强度：实验在INSTRON5582万能力学实验机上完成，该机的载荷传感器为10kN，传感器精度为±10N。首先调节两支座跨距为240mm，然后调整加荷辊，使其轴线与支承辊轴线平行，支承辊直径为30mm±0.5mm，支撑方式为简支梁式，在试样长度的中央，以均匀速度（16mm/min）施加集中载荷至试样破坏，求出试样的静曲强度（MOR）和抗弯弹性模量（MOE）；
2.胶合强度：分别测定试件的水平剪切强度，其试件尺寸为宽度b=50mm，厚度h=15mm，长度l=110mm，跨距=60mm。按GB/T17657中静曲强度的测定方法测定最大破坏载荷，按公式（1）计算水平剪切强度，精确至0.1MPa。
f=3·P/（4·b·h） （1）
式中：f为水平剪切强度（MPa），P为试件破坏的最大载荷（N），b为试件宽度（mm），h为试件厚度（mm）。
具体检测结果如表1所示：
表1
检测项目 实例1 实例2 实例3 实例4 对比例
MOR/MPa 178.3 143.1 137.8 121.8 110.7
MOE/MPa 13437 12473 11342 11874 10479
水平剪切强度/MPa 13.1 11.8 8.4 7.3 5.1
由表1检测结果可知，本发明技术方案制备的抗弯竹木复合板具有优异的抗弯性能及胶合强度的特点，促进其在建筑板材行业及更广阔的领域应用与发展。

Claims (2)

1.一种抗弯竹木复合板的制备方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
（1）木腐菌液的制备：按重量份数计，将50～60份甘蔗渣，10～20份干牛粪，1～2份滑石粉球磨，得混合粉末，按质量比1：100～1：120将混合粉末和水搅拌混合，得培养基；将木腐菌和培养基按质量比1：10～1：20加入单口烧瓶中，于转速为300～400r/min条件下，搅拌混合20～30min后，将单口烧瓶移入温室中，培养活化5～6h，得木腐菌液；
（2）表板的制备：将竹篾置于木腐菌液中浸泡15～30min后，取出，得浸泡竹篾，再将浸泡竹篾置于冰柜中，于温度为-10～-15℃条件下冷冻3～4h，得冷冻竹篾，并将冷冻竹篾置于室温条件下，自然解冻3～5天，如此浸泡冻融循环5～7次，得预处理竹篾，再将预处理竹篾置于质量分数为10～20%的双氧水中浸泡20～30min，得活化竹篾，随后将活化竹篾置于真空冷冻干燥箱中干燥20～30min，得干燥竹篾，再向干燥竹篾上涂胶粘剂，胶层厚度为1～3mm，得竹篾坯料，将所得竹篾坯料置于热压成型机，于温度为120～130℃，压力为2.3～3.2MPa条件下热压10～20min后，自然冷却至室温，再经切割，得表板 ；
（3）木芯板的制备：将选好木材置于粉碎机中粉碎20～30min，得木屑，将所得木屑置于木腐菌液中浸泡15～30min后，取出，得浸泡木屑，再将浸泡木屑置于冰柜中，于温度为-10～-15℃条件下冷冻3～4h，得冷冻木屑，并将冷冻木屑置于室温条件下，自然解冻3～5天，如此浸泡冻融循环5～7次，得预处理木屑，再将预处理木屑置于质量分数为10～20%的双氧水中浸泡20～30min，得活化木屑，随后将活化木屑置于真空冷冻干燥箱中干燥20～30min，得干燥木屑，再将所得干燥木屑和胶粘剂加入混料机中，于转速为600～800r/min条件下搅拌混合，得混合坯料，将所得混合坯料置于热压成型机，于温度为130～140℃，压力为10～15MPa条件下热压10～20min后，自然冷却至室温，再经切割，得木芯板 ；
（4）抗弯竹木复合板的制备：再按表板-胶粘剂-木芯板-胶粘剂-表板顺序组合，得坯料，再将坯料置于热压成型机，于温度为120～130℃，压力为3.3～4.3MPa条件下热压10～20min后，自然冷却至室温，即得抗弯竹木复合板；所述胶粘剂为酚醛树脂胶粘剂，脲醛树脂胶粘剂或环氧树脂胶粘剂中的任意一种。
2.根据权利要求1所述一种抗弯竹木复合板的制备方法，其特征在于：步骤（3）所述木材为杨木，杉木或松木中的任意一种。
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