CN107695351A - Successively alternative dual-mode laser cleaning method and cleaning device in metal 3D printing - Google Patents

Successively alternative dual-mode laser cleaning method and cleaning device in metal 3D printing Download PDF

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Publication number
CN107695351A
CN107695351A CN201710898857.3A CN201710898857A CN107695351A CN 107695351 A CN107695351 A CN 107695351A CN 201710898857 A CN201710898857 A CN 201710898857A CN 107695351 A CN107695351 A CN 107695351A
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laser
auxiliary
printing
cleaning
impurity
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CN201710898857.3A
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CN107695351B (en
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申胜男
李辉
张磊
沈威
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Hunan Luojia Intelligent Technology Co ltd
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Wuhan University WHU
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
    • B22F12/40—Radiation means
    • B22F12/44—Radiation means characterised by the configuration of the radiation means
    • B22F12/45—Two or more
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y50/00—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing
    • B33Y50/02—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing for controlling or regulating additive manufacturing processes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
    • B22F10/28—Powder bed fusion, e.g. selective laser melting [SLM] or electron beam melting [EBM]
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/30—Process control
    • B22F10/36—Process control of energy beam parameters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/50—Treatment of workpieces or articles during build-up, e.g. treatments applied to fused layers during build-up
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/70—Recycling
    • B22F10/77—Recycling of gas
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
    • B22F12/40—Radiation means
    • B22F12/41—Radiation means characterised by the type, e.g. laser or electron beam
    • B22F12/43—Radiation means characterised by the type, e.g. laser or electron beam pulsed; frequency modulated
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
    • B22F12/90—Means for process control, e.g. cameras or sensors
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/25—Process efficiency

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses successively alternative dual-mode laser cleaning method and cleaning device in a kind of metal 3D printing, passes through and auxiliary dot laser, auxiliary linear laser and impurity detection device are set in 3D printer；First with auxiliary wire laser scanning cleaning 3D printer substrate surface；After first layer powdering starts printing, impurity detection device is detected one by one by printing path, start auxiliary linear laser when impurity particle is more than setting to clean the path for having printed completion, start auxiliary dot laser when impurity particle is less than setting and impurity particle is purged in turn；After the completion for the treatment of first layer processing cleaning, then the method for first layer starts next layer of processing and cleaning, by that analogy, successively process and clean, the processing until completing whole workpiece.The present invention controls print quality on source, has saved time and cost, has had a good application prospect.

Description

Successively alternative dual-mode laser cleaning method and cleaning device in metal 3D printing
Technical field
The invention belongs to 3D printing technique field, in particular to successively alternative dual-mode laser in a kind of metal 3D printing Cleaning method and cleaning device.
Background technology
Metal 3D printing technique can be used for manufacture complexity, lightweight, the three-dimensional structure part of infusibility, particularly some traditional handicrafts The structural member that can not be processed.It is every by controlling for example the technology is in the preparation process of space flight and aviation specific function functionally gradient material (FGM) The dusty material attribute of layer, makes two kinds of different materials of function appear on same structural member, can obtain function gradient structure Part；The technology produces special hollow structure by metal 3D printing technique so that structural member is light in new-energy automobile field Quantify, reach the purpose for saving the energy；The technology produces bone, tooth etc. in medical field by metal 3D printing technique Some tissues, patient can be helped quickly to repair or replace above-mentioned corrupted structure.Sum it up, metal 3D printing technique is each More and more extensive application is obtained in field.
In metal 3D printing manufacturing process, the metal dust of the horizontal laying of laser scanning, it is completely melt powder, then It is rapidly solidificated into metal level；Then continue to lay new powder on the metal level of shaping, laser scans again makes new powder melting To the upper surface of preceding layer, to form new metal level.The process is constantly repeated afterwards, and final accumulation forms a three-dimensional manufacture Part.
During current metal 3D printing, each printable layer can all occur metal oxide, metal sputtering thing and The impurity such as metallic particles are not completely melt.If not handling impurity, continue to print next layer, these impurity will strengthen nodularization effect Should, so that metallic particles can not be completely melt, and then produce cavity, these cavities are also possible to form stress raiser, aggravate The defects of warpage, deformation.It is relatively rough to also result in current shaping upper surface for these impurity simultaneously, generates foreign object debris, influences Next layer of cladding, and then influence the performances such as the intensity of molding part.
Connecing between the powder particle and unfused powder particle of fusing generally occurs for the defects of 3D printing process Touch interface.The metallic particles not being completely melt, metal sputtering thing in preceding layer are relatively large in diameter, the powder of generally new laying layer Twice of particle diameter (20um-50um).Thus current powder bed particle size distribution is changed, causes the gold after laser scanning Belong to and hole and gap are produced in layer, and aggravate spherical effect.
So far, for the metal 3D printing structural member completed, trigger because producing impurity in print procedure Internal flaw is difficult to be repaired, and especially for the workpiece with complex geometry, the possibility of reparation is smaller.
The content of the invention
In view of the deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention provides one kind is easily installed implementation, can effectively improve 3D printing part matter Successively alternative dual-mode laser cleaning method and cleaning device in the metal 3D printing of amount.
To achieve these goals, successively alternative dual-mode laser cleaning side in metal 3D printing involved in the present invention Method, it is characterized in that：Comprise the following steps：
S1 sets auxiliary dot laser, auxiliary linear laser and impurity detection device in 3D printer；
S2, which is utilized, aids in wire laser scanning to clean 3D printer substrate surface；
Starting scanning machining using 3D printing laser after s3 first layer powderings, impurity detection device is detected one by one by printing path, Start auxiliary linear laser when impurity particle is more than setting to clean the path for having printed completion, when impurity particle is small Start auxiliary dot laser when setting to be purged impurity particle in turn, wherein, auxiliary linear laser and auxiliary dot laser Cleaning is scanned to the part for having printed completion in the case of no more than 3D printing laser scanning hot spot；
S4 treats that first layer is processed after the completion of cleaning, then starts next layer of processing and cleaning with step s3 method, by that analogy, Successively process and clean, the processing until completing whole workpiece.
Further, in addition to laser beam transformation device, auxiliary dot laser and the auxiliary linear laser are become by laser Changing device will convert gained with a branch of auxiliary laser.Using a branch of auxiliary laser independently of main laser, method is easy, existing Metal 3D printing equipment in be easily installed, formed and possess the all-in-one of double excitation
Further, the laser beam transformation device includes auxiliary laser X-axis galvanometer, auxiliary laser Y-axis galvanometer peace field lens,
The auxiliary laser X-axis galvanometer is used to auxiliary laser carrying out X-axis deflection；
The auxiliary laser Y-axis galvanometer is used to auxiliary laser carrying out Y-axis deflection；
The flat field mirror is used to auxiliary laser diverging to a linear laser.
Further, in step s3, per paths after the completion of scanning cleaning, impurity detection device does one again to this path Secondary detection, if any residual impurity, then enable auxiliary dot laser and the impurity particle on this path is cleaned.
Further, the impurity detection device includes industrial camera and wire detection laser generator, and wire detection swashs Optical generator is used to launch wire detection laser action in detected object surface, and the industrial camera is used to capture detected pair The detection laser reflected as surface.
Yet further, the original position of the wire hot spot is located remotely from the side of Print direction, can be very good to keep away Exempt to overlap with 3D metallic print laser beams.
Yet further, the Print direction angle of the auxiliary wire laser facula and 3D printing laser is 90 degree.Can be more Impurity in good cleaning print procedure in two adjacent printing path gullies.
The successively cleaning device of alternative dual-mode laser cleaning method in a kind of metal 3D printing as described above, its is special Part is：Auxiliary magnet laser generator, auxiliary wire laser generator, impurity inspection are provided with including being arranged in 3D printer Device is surveyed, the auxiliary magnet laser generator is used to auxiliary dot laser occur, and the auxiliary wire laser generator is used to occur Linear laser is aided in, the impurity detection device is used to detect the impurity on printing path, and specific work process is as follows：
First with auxiliary wire laser scanning cleaning 3D printer substrate surface；
Carry out starting scanning machining using 3D printing laser after first layer powdering again, impurity detection device is examined one by one by printing path Survey, start auxiliary linear laser when impurity particle is more than setting and the path for having printed completion is cleaned, when impurity Start auxiliary dot laser when grain is less than setting to be purged impurity particle in turn, wherein, aid in linear laser and auxiliary magnet Laser is scanned cleaning in the case of no more than 3D printing laser scanning hot spot to the part for having printed completion；
Treat that first layer is processed after the completion of cleaning, then start next layer of processing and cleaning with the cleaning method of first layer, with such Push away, successively process and clean, the processing until completing whole workpiece.
Further, in addition to laser beam transformation device, the auxiliary magnet laser generator and auxiliary wire laser generator For same device, auxiliary dot laser and the auxiliary linear laser will be converted by laser beam transformation device with a branch of auxiliary laser Gained.
Yet further, the Print direction angle of the auxiliary wire laser facula and 3D printing laser is 90 degree.
The advantage of the invention is that：
1st, successively cleaned during metal 3D printing, realize that successively surface impurity cleans 3D printing metal forming part；
2nd, the upper surface of substrate is cleaned using auxiliary linear laser, substrate can be effectively improved and be molded with metal 3D printing The adhesion of part；
3rd, aid in dot laser and aid in removing of the linear laser only to impurity effective, do not influence metal 3D printing layer, do not influence Metal thickness；
4th, using impurity detection device, impurity particle cleaning can be better achieved with the distribution of oriented detection to impurity.
5th, the gas-circulating system during laser cleaning in caused metallic vapour meeting transit chamber room is discharged and collected, Secondary pollution will not be formed.
6th, auxiliary magnet zlasing mode can realize secondary cleaning, can obtain more preferable superficial layer cleaning quality.
7th, laser cleaning uses line laser, has simple in construction, and control is easy, and clean range is big, and cleaning speed is fast, can be with The advantages that well and 3D printing coordinates.
8th, laser cleaning using dot laser clean, there is clean in place, cleaning quality is good, saving the energy the advantages that.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is that the wire auxiliary laser of the inventive method cleans schematic diagram；
Fig. 2 is that the point-like auxiliary laser of the inventive method cleans schematic diagram
Fig. 3 is the first layer sectional view for the object that metal 3D printing of the present invention is successively cleaned；
Fig. 4 is the second layer sectional view for the object that metal 3D printing of the present invention is successively cleaned；
Fig. 5 is the third layer sectional view for the object that metal 3D printing of the present invention is successively cleaned；
Fig. 6 is the 4th layer of sectional view of the object that metal 3D printing of the present invention is successively cleaned；
Fig. 7 is metal 3D printing of the present invention successively local Cleaning principle figure of the cleaning of objects at every layer；
Fig. 8 is the directional diagram of wire auxiliary laser of the present invention motion；
Fig. 9 is the directional diagram of point-like auxiliary laser of the present invention motion；
Figure 10 is the flow chart of the inventive method specific works；
In figure：Metal 3D printing molding part 101, bar shaped auxiliary magnet laser beam propagation path 102, flat field mirror 103, fill-in light X-axis is shaken Mirror 104, auxiliary laser Y-axis galvanometer 105, optical parametric oscillator 106, auxiliary laser transmitter 107, main laser X-axis galvanometer 108, main laser transmitter 109, main laser Y-axis galvanometer 110, industrial camera 111, the substrate first of 3D printing metal forming part Layer 201, the second layer 202 of 3D printing metal forming part, the third layer 203 of 3D printing metal forming part, 3D printing metal into The 4th layer 204 of type part, last layer 205 of 3D printing metal forming part, substrate 206,3D printing metal forming part 207, Impurity particle 2011；Main laser spot tracks 301, auxiliary wire laser facula 302, auxiliary laser scans to the right 303, main laser Outer ring scans up 304, and main laser inner ring scans up 305, and main laser inner ring scans downwards 306, auxiliary magnet laser facula 307。
Embodiment
The present invention is described in further detail with specific implementation below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings：
Successively alternative dual-mode laser cleaning method in metal 3D printing designed by the present invention, comprises the following steps：
S1 sets auxiliary dot laser, auxiliary linear laser and impurity detection device in 3D printer；
S2, which is utilized, aids in wire laser scanning to clean 3D printer substrate surface；
Starting scanning machining using 3D printing laser after s3 first layer powderings, impurity detection device is detected one by one by printing path, Start auxiliary linear laser when impurity particle is more than setting to clean the path for having printed completion, when impurity particle is small Start auxiliary dot laser when setting to be purged impurity particle in turn, wherein, auxiliary linear laser and auxiliary dot laser Cleaning is scanned to the part for having printed completion in the case of no more than 3D printing laser scanning hot spot；
S4 treats that first layer is processed after the completion of cleaning, then starts next layer of processing and cleaning with step s3 method, by that analogy, Successively process and clean, the processing until completing whole workpiece.
Wherein, in order to cost-effective, convenient operation, in addition to laser beam transformation device, auxiliary dot laser and auxiliary wire swash Light will be as obtained by laser beam transformation device will convert with a branch of auxiliary laser.
Laser beam transformation device in apparatus of the present invention includes optical parametric oscillator, auxiliary laser X-axis conversion mirror, auxiliary and swashed Light Y-axis galvanometer peace field lens,
The optical parametric oscillator is used for the wavelength for adjusting auxiliary laser；
The auxiliary laser X-axis galvanometer is used to auxiliary laser carrying out X-axis deflection；
The auxiliary laser Y-axis galvanometer is used to auxiliary laser carrying out Y-axis deflection；
The flat field mirror is used to auxiliary laser launching shape laser into a line.
Preferably, impurity detection device of the invention includes industrial camera and wire detection laser generator, wire detection Laser generator is detected for capturing in detected object surface, the industrial camera for launching wire detection laser action The detection laser of subject surface reflection.
In order to further improve print quality, in step s3, per paths after the completion of scanning cleaning, impurity detection device Try again detection to this path, if any residual impurity, then enables auxiliary dot laser and the impurity particle on this path is carried out clearly Wash.
To avoid overlapping with 3D metallic print laser beams, the original position of wire hot spot is located remotely from Print direction Side.
The Print direction angle for aiding in wire laser facula and 3D printing laser is 90 degree.
This method, which can efficiently reduce, is understood that impurity particle is splashed on printable layer again, is remarkably improved cleaning Quality.
The invention also provides successively alternative dual-mode laser cleaning device, the device include in a kind of metal 3D printing It is arranged in 3D printer and is provided with auxiliary magnet laser generator, auxiliary wire laser generator, impurity detection device, it is described auxiliary Help dot laser generator be used for occur aid in dot laser, auxiliary wire laser generator is used to occur to aid in linear laser, impurity Detection means is used to detect the impurity on printing path.
Wherein, it is convenient to operate to be cost-effective, laser beam transformation device, auxiliary dot laser hair are also included in the cleaning device Raw device and auxiliary wire laser generator are same device, and auxiliary dot laser and auxiliary linear laser pass through laser beam transformation device Gained will be converted with a branch of auxiliary laser.
Laser beam transformation device, auxiliary laser and auxiliary linear laser will be the same as a branch of laser beam transformations by laser beam transformation device Gained.
Laser beam transformation device in apparatus of the present invention includes optical parametric oscillator, auxiliary laser X-axis conversion mirror, auxiliary and swashed Light Y-axis galvanometer peace field lens,
The optical parametric oscillator is used for the wavelength for adjusting auxiliary laser；
The auxiliary laser X-axis galvanometer is used to auxiliary laser carrying out X-axis deflection；
The auxiliary laser Y-axis galvanometer is used to auxiliary laser carrying out Y-axis deflection；
The flat field mirror is used to auxiliary laser launching shape laser into a line.
In order that must clean more thoroughly, the wire hot spot of dot laser is aided in be with the Print direction angle of 3D printing laser 90 degree.
Wherein, impurity detection device includes industrial camera and wire detection laser generator, wire detection laser generator It is anti-for capturing detected object surface in detected object surface, the industrial camera for launching wire detection laser action The detection laser penetrated.
As illustrated, successively Laser Surface Cleaning detailed process is as follows for metal 3D printing proposed by the present invention：
The first step, using aiding in linear laser to carry out laser cleaning to 3D printer substrate 206, remove on the surface of substrate 206 Sputtering thing during metal oxide and metal 3D printing, because substrate 206 is placed in metal 3D printer, substrate 206 is difficult Exempt to react with the oxygen in air, form metal oxide, also have the dust granule in air in substrate 206 unavoidably Fall above, if directly entering row metal 3D printing, iron powder and above impurity melt together, can cause the surface of fusing metal Power increases, and strengthens spherical effect, and the first layer and substrate printing for causing 3D printing 3D printing metal forming part are bonded loosely, rear Easily occur the influence to misplace in continuous print procedure, therefore before metal 3D printing, sent out first using auxiliary dot laser 106 Go out the laser beam that wavelength is 532nm, sweep speed 250mm/s, laser beam is occurring in the X-axis direction after X-axis galvanometer 105 Deflection, laser beam move on, and laser beam deflects in the Y-axis direction after Y-axis galvanometer 104, and laser beam moves on, Laser beam dissipates into a line after flat field mirror 103, acts on the surface of substrate 206, and auxiliary magnet laser scanning speed is along Y-axis Direction is disposed by the surface impurity of substrate 206；
Second step, after the surface clean of substrate 206 is clean, powdering machine starts first layer powdering；
3rd step, printer main laser starts along shape layer profile scan in computer system, main laser transmitting after completing powder Device 109 is using the optical fiber generator of 200W power, sweep speed 10m/s, 301 a diameter of 80um of main laser spot track, main laser By main laser X-axis galvanometer 108, main laser X-axis galvanometer 110, after act on the shape layer of metal 3D printing molding part 101, Outer ring scans up 304 again to the right, downwards, to the left, scans the outline of the shape layer of 3D printing metal forming part 207；
4th step, start inner ring scanning after the completion of the printing of first layer outline, main laser inner ring scans up 305, and the right side is moved, master swashs Light inner ring downwards move by scanning 306, the right side, so repeats, and as shown in Figure 8, Figure 9, path prints one by one from left to right.Work as master After complete first paths of laser printing, industrial camera 111 starts simultaneously at work, and industrial camera 111 uses 1600* in the present invention 1200 pixels, wire detection laser send the laser of 532nm wavelength by optical parametric oscillator, and using 120 milliamperes of electricity Stream, power output 30mW, wire detect the industrial camera of 1600*1200 pixels after the scanned printed profile of laser facula 111 collect corresponding image, by with 3D printing system built in slicing layer contour shape contrast, 3D printing system calculates figure The region where impurity particle 2011 and impurity particle quantity as in, determine to enable auxiliary dot laser or auxiliary according to amounts of particles Help linear laser.
Granule number is defined as in the present invention and scans 303 to the right using linear auxiliary laser more than 5, as illustrated, auxiliary Generating laser 107 is helped to be located at the left side of main laser transmitter 109, the effect of auxiliary laser transmitter is can to launch wavelength For 532nm, 1000ns pulses 50W laser beam, laser beam is propagated in space line, is acted on optical parametric oscillator 106 After can change wavelength, become wavelength 1064nm laser action on auxiliary laser X-axis galvanometer 104, secondary laser beams continue In spatial, act on auxiliary laser Y-axis galvanometer 105, auxiliary laser continues in spatial, now flat field mirror 103 from Dynamic rotate up is packed up, and secondary laser beams are along spatial, and hot spot is acted on metal 3D printing molding part 101, flat field mirror 103rd, between auxiliary laser X-axis galvanometer 104, auxiliary laser Y-axis galvanometer 105, optical parametric oscillator 106 and industrial camera 111 All connected using cable and the control of 3D printer system, auxiliary wire laser facula 302 is no more than main laser scanning light spot 301 In the case of, the metal impurities particle 2011 on firm printable layer is disposed.When the impurity particle on printing path detected It is to enable auxiliary dot laser to clear up impurity particle 2011 in turn that 2011 numbers, which are less than or equal to 5,.Auxiliary laser transmitter 107 It is 532nm to launch wavelength, 1000ns pulses 50W laser beam, and secondary laser beams are propagated in space line, act on Optical Parametric It can change wavelength after on amount oscillator 106, become wavelength 1064nm laser action on auxiliary laser X-axis galvanometer 104, it is auxiliary Help laser beam to continue in spatial, act on auxiliary laser Y-axis galvanometer 105, auxiliary laser continues in spatial, now Flat field mirror 103 is rotated up and packed up automatically, and secondary laser beams act on metal 3D along spatial, auxiliary magnet laser facula 307 On printing shaping part 101, impurity orientation absorbs the energy of laser, and when the energy of Impurity Absorption is more than vaporization threshold, impurity is opened Begin evaporation, so that impurity is from metal surface nondestructively peeling.To be further ensured that print quality, this path rear impurity inspection has been cleaned Survey device and secondary detection is carried out to this path, if cleaning area does not clean the impurity particle 2011 of completion also, using auxiliary Help dot laser, reorientation cleaning impurity particle 2011.Dot laser and auxiliary linear laser are aided in no more than main laser hot spot. After first layer printing and cleaning terminate, second layer iron powder is spread.Main laser 301 and auxiliary laser 303 start to repeat to operate above, Until the second layer 202 of 3D printing metal forming part, the third layer 203 of 3D printing metal forming part, 3D printing part printing the Four layer 204 ... is terminated until the complete rear system of last surface clean of layer 205 of 3D printing part enters automatic decision printing.Complete 3D Print the successively surface laser cleaning treatment of metal forming part 207.
Successively alternative cleaning method in surface includes dot laser clean in place and line for metal 3D printing proposed by the present invention Two kinds of cleaning models are cleaned in path to laser one by one, can be according to cleaning environment, and the mode that energy is most saved in system automatic switchover is opened Open up laser cleaning.
Successively alternative dual-mode laser cleaning method and cleaning device can be real in metal 3D printing proposed by the present invention Successively 3D printing metal forming layer surface is cleared up during present metal 3D printing, so as to reach 3D printing metal forming Control of Impurities inside part, solve the problems, such as some cavity, stress concentration, crackings of 3D printing metal forming part from inside.Can To significantly increase the yields of metal 3D printer printing shaping part, eliminate need to manually perform after increasing material manufacturing it is scarce The needs removed with surface treatment operations are fallen into, have saved cost, compared with being operated after known, the present invention can save on source About cost and time, there is big advantage.

Claims (10)

  1. A kind of 1. successively alternative dual-mode laser cleaning method in metal 3D printing, it is characterised in that：Comprise the following steps：
    S1 sets auxiliary dot laser, auxiliary linear laser and impurity detection device in 3D printer；
    S2, which is utilized, aids in wire laser scanning to clean 3D printer substrate surface；
    Starting scanning machining using 3D printing laser after s3 first layer powderings, impurity detection device is detected one by one by printing path, Start auxiliary linear laser when impurity particle is more than setting to clean the path for having printed completion, when impurity particle is small Start auxiliary dot laser when setting to be purged impurity particle in turn, wherein, auxiliary linear laser and auxiliary dot laser Cleaning is scanned to the part for having printed completion in the case of no more than 3D printing laser scanning hot spot；
    S4 treats that first layer is processed after the completion of cleaning, then starts next layer of processing and cleaning with step s3 method, by that analogy, Successively process and clean, the processing until completing whole workpiece.
  2. 2. successively alternative dual-mode laser cleaning method in metal 3D printing according to claim 1, it is characterised in that： Also include laser beam transformation device, auxiliary dot laser and the auxiliary linear laser will be the same as a branch of auxiliary by laser beam transformation device Obtained by laser beam transformation.
  3. 3. successively alternative dual-mode laser cleaning method in metal 3D printing according to claim 2, it is characterised in that：
    The laser beam transformation device includes auxiliary laser X-axis galvanometer, auxiliary laser Y-axis galvanometer peace field lens,
    The auxiliary laser X-axis galvanometer is used to auxiliary laser carrying out X-axis deflection；
    The auxiliary laser Y-axis galvanometer is used to auxiliary laser carrying out Y-axis deflection；
    The flat field mirror is used to auxiliary laser diverging to a linear laser.
  4. 4. successively alternative dual-mode laser cleaning method in metal 3D printing according to claim 1, it is characterised in that： In step s3, per paths after the completion of scanning cleaning, impurity detection device tries again detection to this path, miscellaneous if any residual Matter, then enable auxiliary dot laser and the impurity particle on this path is cleaned.
  5. 5. metal 3D printing according to claim 1 successively surface laser cleaning method, it is characterised in that：The impurity inspection Surveying device includes industrial camera and wire detection laser generator, and wire detection laser generator is used to launch wire detection laser Detected object surface is acted on, the industrial camera is used for the detection laser for capturing the reflection of detected object surface.
  6. 6. according to metal 3D printing according to any one of claims 1 to 5, successively surface laser cleaning method, its feature exist In：The original position of the wire hot spot is located remotely from the side of Print direction, can be very good to avoid swashing with 3D metallic prints Light beam overlaps.
  7. 7. according to successively alternative dual-mode laser cleaning method in metal 3D printing according to any one of claims 1 to 5, It is characterized in that：The Print direction angle of the auxiliary wire laser facula and 3D printing laser is 90 degree.
  8. 8. the successively cleaning device of alternative dual-mode laser cleaning method in a kind of metal 3D printing as claimed in claim 1, It is characterized in that：Auxiliary magnet laser generator, auxiliary wire laser generator, impurity are provided with including being arranged in 3D printer Detection means, the auxiliary magnet laser generator are used to auxiliary dot laser occur, and the auxiliary wire laser generator is used to send out Raw auxiliary linear laser, the impurity detection device are used to detect the impurity on printing path, and specific work process is as follows：
    First with auxiliary wire laser scanning cleaning 3D printer substrate surface；
    Carry out starting scanning machining using 3D printing laser after first layer powdering again, impurity detection device is examined one by one by printing path Survey, start auxiliary linear laser when impurity particle is more than setting and the path for having printed completion is cleaned, when impurity Start auxiliary dot laser when grain is less than setting to be purged impurity particle in turn, wherein, aid in linear laser and auxiliary magnet Laser is scanned cleaning in the case of no more than 3D printing laser scanning hot spot to the part for having printed completion；
    Treat that first layer is processed after the completion of cleaning, then start next layer of processing and cleaning with the cleaning method of first layer, with such Push away, successively process and clean, the processing until completing whole workpiece.
  9. 9. successively alternative dual-mode laser cleaning device in metal 3D printing according to claim 8, it is characterised in that： Also include laser beam transformation device, the auxiliary magnet laser generator and auxiliary wire laser generator are same device, described auxiliary Help dot laser and auxiliary linear laser as obtained by laser beam transformation device will convert with a branch of auxiliary laser.
  10. 10. successively alternative dual-mode laser cleaning device, its feature exist in metal 3D printing according to claim 9 In：The Print direction angle of the auxiliary wire laser facula and 3D printing laser is 90 degree.
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