CN109434109A - A kind of selective laser fusing manufacturing process based on dynamic powder cylinder - Google Patents
A kind of selective laser fusing manufacturing process based on dynamic powder cylinder Download PDFInfo
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- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of, and manufacturing process is melted in the selective laser based on dynamic powder cylinder, and the high-precision forming of arbitrary dimension size complexity metal component theoretically may be implemented.The present invention is to assist 3D printing with 3D printing, according to the sectional dimension of required formation of parts use in real time 3D printing with beat with " dynamic powder cylinder ": powder cylinder size and the interface profile size of required formation of parts match, the layer-by-layer printing-forming of powder cylinder itself, based on each layer of powder cylinder, along the determining track dynamic powdering of powder cylinder, printing, entire part is finally obtained.The present invention breaches the dimension limit of SLM manufacture large scale complex parts；The forming of dynamic powder cylinder is of less demanding to craft precision, and multiple technologies (such as CMT, LENS, FDM) realization can be used, give full play to the advantage of various increases material manufacturing technologies.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to increases material manufacturing technology fields, are related to a kind of increasing material manufacturing manufacturing process, and it is big to be particularly suitable for processing
Size complex component.
Background technique
Increasing material manufacturing (Additive manufacturing, AM), be otherwise known as " 3D printing ", is with digital CAD model
Based on data, using the addition method manufacturing theory of similar mathematic integral, by the manufacture depression of order of 3D solid be two-dimensional section by
The method of point successively tired manufacture, realizes the dimensionality reduction forming of 3 d part, is not limited by complex-shaped degree, can be realized and appoint
Quick, high-quality, efficient, economic, the complete intelligent and Grazing conditionization manufacture of meaning complicated shape part.Increasing material manufacturing is advanced manufacture
The important component of industry is the high end digital manufacturing technology developed rapidly in the late three decades, relative to traditional etc.
Material manufacture (Δ M=0, casting, forging etc. in manufacturing process), subtracts material manufacture (Δ M < 0, turnning and milling dig abrasive drilling etc.), is a kind of " under
On and " material addition forming manufacturing method, embody information network technique and advanced material technology, numerical DC speed technology
It is intimately associated, realizes manufacture from waiting materials, subtracting material to the great change for increasing material, change conventionally manufactured theory and mould
Formula.
Metal increasing material manufacturing is forefront and most potential increases material manufacturing technology, is the important development of advanced manufacturing technology
Direction.In metal increases material manufacturing technology selective laser fusing (Selective Laser Melting, SLM) and laser near net at
Shape technology (Laser Engineered Net Shaping, LENS), is developed rapidly in recent years.SLM technique is due to powder
End can play the role of self-supporting, can shape arbitrarily complicated metal component, but shapable part size is smaller (general
Less than 500mm).And LENS technique, spot diameter are big, it can be with molding large component, but the precision of drip molding is lower, and is difficult into
The metal component of direct forming complexity.Technique Fused Deposition Modeling technology (Fused Deposition Modeling, FDM) is
Development one of nonmetallic increases material manufacturing technology the most mature, maximum feature be it is at low cost, it is high-efficient, but precision compared with
It is low, forming speed is relatively slow, be not suitable for building large scale complex parts.
Manufacture large scale metal component is that SLM technology is difficult the technical bottleneck broken through for a long time, this is because SLM successively adds up
The process characteristic of powdering determines that the size of forming cylinder body has to the sectional dimension greater than formation of parts, no matter shapes great
Part requires layer-by-layer powdering laser scanning forming.Currently, Germany EOS, Fu Lang Hough research institute, SLM Solution,
Concept laser etc. and the domestic Central China University of Science and Technology, the western Supreme Being in Suzhou such as rub at the units, by using multiple beam connecting method,
The forming dimension developed in succession is equipped in 500mm or bigger SLM, but helpless for larger sized part.
By taking thin-walled and internal complicated ring-shaped work pieces as an example, several meters or even more than ten meters easily of part size, traditional processing
Using multistage welding manufacture, manufacture difficulty is very big, precision it is difficult to ensure that, the manufacturing cycle is long, and with high costs, yields is low.?
In design process of parts, in order to guarantee machinability, is often simplified when structure designs, sacrifice part and answered originally
The function having and innovation structure.Nonetheless, the processing and manufacturing of such part is also extremely difficult, and process flow is cumbersome multiple
It is miscellaneous.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to overcome existing increasing material manufacturing Processes and apparatus to be difficult to shape the skill of large scale complex parts
Art bottleneck provides a kind of selective laser fusing manufacturing process based on dynamic powder cylinder, it is big that arbitrary dimension theoretically may be implemented
The high-precision forming of small complexity metal component.
Core of the invention thought is:
With 3D printing assist 3D printing, according to the sectional dimension of required formation of parts use in real time 3D printing with beat with
" dynamic powder cylinder ": powder cylinder size and the interface profile size of required formation of parts match, the layer-by-layer printing-forming of powder cylinder itself, base
In each layer of powder cylinder, the track dynamic powdering determined along powder cylinder, printing finally obtain entire part.
Technical scheme is as follows:
Melt manufacturing process in the selective laser based on dynamic powder cylinder, comprising the following steps:
(1) dynamic powder cylinder model is established
The section shape and size of dynamic powder cylinder is determined according to the resemblance of required formation of parts: the dynamic powder cylinder
The maximum cross-section overall size of cross section profile and required formation of parts matches；Corresponding to the two sides in required formation of parts section,
The two side walls for remembering dynamic powder cylinder are respectively the first side wall and second sidewall；Then the first side wall and second sidewall be in the horizontal direction
Final closure forms the cross section profile of dynamic powder cylinder；The first side wall and second sidewall of dynamic powder cylinder and the forming as bottom surface
Substrate constituent part shaped region；
(2) single layer of dynamic powder cylinder is generated
One layer of powder cylinder is generated using increasing material manufacturing forming technology, the height of powder cylinder, which meets, carries out one layer zero of SLM process forming
Part slice；This layer of powder cylinder is divided into setting successively continuous several regions along its cross section profile track, for local powdering and
SLM forming；
(3) powdering of regional area
Under inert ambient environment, powder is inserted and is paved in one of region in current powder cylinder, forms local powder bed；
(4) the SLM forming of regional area
Under inert ambient environment, selective melting is carried out using powder of the SLM technique to the local powder bed；
(5) the SLM forming of single layer part slice
It is moved to subsequent region along powder cylinder cross section profile track, by repeating the operation of step (3) to step (4), successively
The powdering and SLM forming for completing the remaining each region of this layer of powder cylinder, complete one layer of part slice；
(6) forming of entire part
The operation of step (2) to step (5) is repeated several times, generates new one layer of powder cylinder again in the upper surface of current powder cylinder,
Corresponding powdering and SLM forming are successively carried out, until entire part forming terminates.
Based on above scheme, the present invention has also further made following optimization:
One layer of powder cylinder is generated using increasing material manufacturing forming technology in step (2), concrete technology is using fused glass pellet
(Fused Deposition Modeling, abbreviation FDM), laser near-net-shape (Laser Engineered Net
Shaping, abbreviation LENS) and cold metal transfer welding technique (cold metal transfer, abbreviation CMT) in it is any one
Kind.
Before step (3), the upper surface of the powder cylinder also generated to step (2) carries out Milling Process, keeps its flat and smooth.
After step (6), milling refine also is carried out to part side.
The settable local powder bed shield for following powdering and SLM forming process synchronous marching, the part powder bed are anti-
The powder feeding of the leading flank installation miniaturization of shield and power spreading device, step (3) are by the quantitative real-time powder feeding in outside, and powder is via this
Powder feeding and power spreading device fall into regional area in powder cylinder and pave, and form the local powder bed.
There are two types of implementations for the inert ambient environment:
One is realized by being continually fed into inert gas in the local powder bed shield.Further, described
Local powder bed shield also utilizes Coanda effect that the flue dust of generation is quickly guided discharge, and forms inertia in flue dust exit
Air curtain further prevents the air of ambient enviroment to enter in local gas protective device.
Another kind is closed chamber to be arranged by the periphery in entire dynamic powder cylinder, and be continually fed into the closed chamber
Inert gas is realized.
The invention has the following advantages:
1, with 3D printing assist 3D printing, according to the sectional dimension of required formation of parts use in real time 3D printing with beat with
" dynamic powder cylinder ", powder cylinder size and the interface profile size of required drip molding match, and along the track that powder cylinder determines, dynamic is spread
Powder, printing dramatically save powder dosage, breach the dimension limit of SLM manufacture large scale complex parts, are such part
Functional Design provide originality space, really realize think i.e. obtained by.
2, the forming of dynamic powder cylinder is of less demanding to craft precision, and it is real that multiple technologies (such as CMT, LENS, FDM) can be used
It is existing, give full play to the advantage of various increases material manufacturing technologies.
3, in forming process, material processing (refine is carried out to powder cylinder and part) can also be subtracted with the use of milling, further
Obtain the formation of parts of high-precision and great surface quality.
4, it can be convenient based on local powder bed shield and the powder feeding minimized and power spreading device be installed, realization synchronous powder feeding system,
Powdering.After the completion of local powdering, being shaped in time on local powder bed surface, powdering process does not need to recycle extra powder,
It can be continuously servo-actuated powdering, breach the structure design of traditional upper powder falling and lower powder feeding formula, it is big that powdering process does not need storage
Powder is measured, but can greatly simplify the structure of powder feeding and power spreading device by real-time external powder feeding, reduce operation function
Consumption, while can also realize the recycling to powder.SLM shape required for metal powder according to powdering dosage continually
Be transported to local powdering region, on-demand weight feed.
It is 5, avoidable that large-scale closed chamber is additionally set by designing local gas shield to local powder bed shield,
Ar consumed by forming process is saved to a certain extent, saves cost.Especially with Coanda cavity, by Coanda
Gas (can be argon gas, be also possible to air) is passed through in cavity, gas generates negative pressure and make during the water conservancy diversion of Coanda surface
With on the one hand the flue dust by generation inside local powder bed shield quickly siphons away, on the other hand due in Coanda deflector
It is formed under effect inertia " air curtain ", the air of surrounding cannot be introduced into local powder bed shield, also play the gas to forming process
Atmosphere protective effect.
6, by regulating and controlling the flow of the gas circulation on local powder bed shield top, lower part, forming process argon gas can be shortened
The time of circulating purification reduces the dosage of protective gas.
7, the present invention is especially in the biggish part of increasing material manufacturing length-width ratio (including annular, strip, irregular curved etc. zero
Part) when have significant advantage.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the operation schematic diagram of one embodiment of the present of invention.
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of Coanda cavity cross-section.
Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram that the present invention applies Coanda cavity.
Fig. 4 is hardware system architecture schematic diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is the Y-direction side view of Fig. 4.
Fig. 6 is the top view of Fig. 4.
Fig. 7 is that laser printing shapes the capital equipment rough schematic view being related to.
Fig. 8 is the part section detail based on Fig. 7.
Drawing reference numeral explanation:
1- rotary table；The direction 2-X horizontal guide rail system (lead screw guide rails translation stage)；The direction 3-Y horizontal guide rail system；
The direction 4-Z riser guide system；5- laser printing light path system；6-FDM print system；7- milling subtracts material system of processing；8- innings
Portion's powder bed shield；9, powdering and dust feeder；10- dynamic powder cylinder；11- molded part；12- powder；
101- the first side wall；102- second sidewall；
501- galvanometer；502-f- θ field lens；503-QBH connector and collimator and extender module；
801- light passing glass；802- is located at the porous air inlet of lower part；803- is located at the porous gas outlet of lower part；804-
Air inlet pipe in top；The superposed escape pipe of 805-；806- air blowing inclined hole；807- Coanda cavity；8071- Coanda chamber
Body air guide fine crack；
901- powder feeding pipeline；902- surge bunker；903- scraper.
Specific embodiment
As shown in Figure 1, specific work process of the invention are as follows:
1) firstly, the threedimensional model for the large scale ring-shaped work pieces processed required for designing, carries out data processing, packet is generated
The SLM forming technology file for including slice, support, scan path, technological parameter, scanning strategy etc., by technical papers data, equipment
The information such as parameter, material parameter are imported into technical process numerical simulation software, and it is imitative to carry out numerical value to entire shaping process
Very, deformation and stress buckling deformation in forming process etc. is obtained as a result, preventing stress deformation, heat transfer auxiliary branch by addition
Support and support construction optimization, generate the reversible deformation prediction model of SLM forming process, give birth to again to the reversible deformation prediction model of acquisition
At SLM forming technology file；Meanwhile according to the interface profile shape of required molding large part, the three-dimensional of dynamic powder cylinder is designed
Model generates the FDM forming technology file including slice, support, scan path, technological parameter, scanning strategy etc.；After optimizing
SLM forming technology file and FDM forming technology file data imported into ready-to-print in SLM Forming Equipments simultaneously.
2) forming board is mounted on rotatable workbench and is leveled, guarantee surfacing, flatness error is less than 20 μm.
Initial dynamic powder cylinder the first side wall and second sidewall are printed using FDM technique, install local powder bed shield and powdering dress
It sets, adjusts the position between scraper and powder cylinder, and carry out sealing；Gold required for being shaped SLM by synchronous powder feeding system device
Belong to powder to be endlessly transported in local power spreading device according to powdering dosage, on-demand weight feed；Power spreading device is according to institute
The cross-section profile shape of the dynamic powder cylinder for the heavy parts that need to be processed, according to dynamic powder cylinder cross section profile track in dynamic powder cylinder
Local powdering (powdering in local powder bed shield region) is carried out between one side wall and second sidewall；Then power spreading device and part
Powder bed shield stop motion, the starting of laser printing light path system scans track according to the technical papers imported in advance, technique is joined
The powder on several pairs of powder bed surfaces carries out selective melting；The powder of entire forming process scanning area is in inert gas shielding ring
In border, localised protection gas device air pressure inside balance and lower oxygen content are kept.Covering below local powder bed shield
After the completion of sector scanning, local powder bed shield and power spreading device continue to carry out movement paving according to dynamic powder cylinder cross section profile track
Powder spreads what a region i.e. scanning and printing, then moves again, powdering, scanning and printing, repetitive operation, until complete one layer of dynamic
After the completion of powder cylinder sector scanning, power spreading device and local powder bed shield entirety move up a powdering thickness along guide post
Distance.
3) after first layer forming, milling subtracts material system of processing and finishes to the part side after SLM forming, while right
The first side wall of the dynamic powder cylinder of FDM forming and second sidewall upper surface carry out Milling Process, so that surfacing, guarantees second
Secondary powdering can smoothly uniformly；Then start print second layer powder cylinder, repeat step 2) relevant operation, until one-piece parts at
Shape is completed.
4) after entire part forming, gas-circulating system is closed, starts powder circulation recovery system, by dynamic powder cylinder
In extra powder cleared up automatically, sieve powder, circulation, part is cut down using wire cutting from substrate finally, is completed
The process of entire part.
In laser scanning print procedure, the adjustable technology of big small light spot can be used, large spot scanning preheating, small light may be implemented
Spot focuses forming, it is also possible to which large spot filling scanning, small light spot profile scan improve the efficiency and precision of SLM forming；By big
Small light spot is used cooperatively, and realizes real-time online preheating-scanning-heat treatment to drip molding；By regulation different scanning region, no
With the scanning process parameter and scanning strategy of bisque, the residual stress and stress deformation in forming process can be greatly reduced.
It, can be in laser printing optical path in order to make powdering and laser printing forming process be in inert atmosphere protection environment always
Local powder bed shield is set below system, follows powdering, laser printing synchronous marching.It, can be in office as shown in Fig. 2, Fig. 3, Fig. 8
Coanda cavity is respectively set in portion's forward and backward side inner wall of powder bed shield, and the gas for being passed through Coanda cavity from top (does not show in figure
Anticipate air inlet) be pressurized along Coanda cavity bottom air guide surface, along dynamic powder cylinder the first side wall and second sidewall surface
Air curtain is formed, prevents the air in ambient enviroment from entering in local powder bed shield, oxygen is generated to the high temperature powder of SLM forming
Change；Simultaneously because Coanda effect guides the flue dust generated in local powder bed shield to be quickly discharged.It should be noted that Fig. 2,
Coanda cavity shown in Fig. 3 is only to illustrate and (be intended to simplify and express its working principle), and actual product can be anti-according to local powder bed
The size in shield and dynamic powder cylinder section makees corresponding matching.
The top of the local forward and backward side of powder bed shield is provided with air inlet pipe and an air outlet pipe, runs through Coanda cavity and powdering
Regional connectivity, air inlet pipe constitute circulation line for being passed through inert gas, and with escape pipe.
Since inert gas (generalling use argon gas) density is higher than air, the air in local powder bed shield is compressed to
Part is discharged in the air extractor of local powder bed shield bottom, two sides of a part via local powder bed shield radially
Outside powder bed shield, another part is since the suction function of Coanda effect is to two sides Coanda cavity bottom Coanda air guide
Surface flow is discharged to the outside of local powder bed shield.By adjusting the inert gas entered via air blowing inclined hole, via office
Portion's powder bed shield top air inlet pipe and escape pipe circulation inert gas, via local powder bed shield lower part air inlet and go out
The inert gas and be passed through the intracorporal gas flow of Coanda chamber and pressure that port recycles are realized in local powder bed shield
The air pressure balance in portion and lower oxygen content, the environment of stable inert gas shielding is provided for SLM forming process, prevents from shaping
Powder is oxidized in the process.
In addition to this, directly rotary table can also be arranged in the closed chamber for providing inert atmosphere (or even will be whole
It is arranged and purchases in closed chamber).
The forming of dynamic powder cylinder can there are many implementations, are printed as below with FDM technology printing dynamic powder cylinder+SLM
For shape part, configurable relevant hardware devices are introduced.As shown in Figure 4, Figure 5 and Figure 6, architecture includes revolution work
Platform, X-direction horizontal guide rail system (lead screw guide rails translation stage), Y-direction horizontal guide rail system, Z-direction riser guide system, laser
Printing light path system, FDM print system, milling subtract material system of processing.
Rotary table is mounted on lead screw guide rails translation stage, and rotary table can be along lead screw guide rails translation stage or so (X
Direction) it is mobile, its own any angle can also be rotated within the scope of 360 °.
Lead screw guide rails translation stage two sides are equipped with riser guide system (Z-direction), and more sets are equipped in riser guide system
Horizontal guide rail system (Y-direction), more set FDM print systems are equipped in the horizontal guide rail system of Y-direction and milling subtracts material processing
System and more set laser printing light path systems.
More set horizontal guide rail systems drives mostly set FDM print systems and milling subtract material system of processing and more set laser are beaten
Printing light path system can integrally move up and down along riser guide system.
X-direction horizontal guide rail system, more set Z-direction riser guide systems, cover are respectively mounted more in Y-direction horizontal guide rail system
There is precision linear encoder, provide closed loop feedback for movement, guarantees the positioning accuracy and repetitive positioning accuracy of its operation.
FDM print system is corresponding with required formation of parts with beating for being printed in forming process on rotatable workbench
With dynamic powder cylinder, dynamic powder cylinder is made of the first side wall and second sidewall, and global shape and size are according to required processing
The resemblance of part determines that the size of dynamic powder cylinder is slightly larger than the largest cross-sectional sized (the first side wall of the part of required forming
With second sidewall and as the forming board constituent part shaped region of bottom surface).
Milling subtracts material system of processing for the dynamic powder cylinder the first side wall of FDM print system and second sidewall upper surface
Milling Process guarantees that dynamic powder cylinder surfaces are flat and smooth, and convenient for scraper powdering in SLM forming process, milling subtracts material system of processing
In include tool magazine, can according to different process requirements replace lock need milling cutter；Milling subtracts material system of processing can also be to sharp
The piece surface of light printing light path system SLM forming is finished, and surface quality is improved；Milling subtracts material system of processing and FDM
Print system is mounted in same set of horizontal guide rail system, and milling subtracts the back side that material system of processing is mounted on FDM print system
It sets, convenient for carrying out Milling Process to dynamic powder cylinder upper surface in time after FDM printing.
FDM print system and milling subtract material system of processing can move up and down along riser guide system, to print
With the distance for adjusting remaining dynamic powder cylinder upper surface during milling dynamic powder cylinder, guarantee printing precision and cutting precision；FDM is beaten
Print system and milling subtract material and are mounted in horizontal guide rail system, can install more sets, dynamic to improve printing dynamic powder cylinder and milling
The efficiency of state powder cylinder.The milling cutter direction of rotation that settable milling subtracts material system of processing is outside along dynamic powder cylinder surfaces, so that processing
The cutting generated in the process can be timely discharges, the forming process without influencing SLM.
More set laser printing light path systems, as shown in Figure 4, Figure 5, laser printing optical path system are installed in horizontal guide rail system
System by QBH connector, collimator and extender module, galvanometer, f- θ field lens/dynamic focusing microscope group at, be connected by optical fiber with laser, it is sharp
Light prints light path system for realizing SLM forming process to the track scanning on powder bed surface；Laser printing light path system can edge
(Y-direction) operation before and after horizontal guide rail system, is equipped with precision linear encoder in horizontal guide rail system, guarantees laser printing optical path
The positioning accuracy and repetitive positioning accuracy of system motion；Laser printing light path system integral sealing in optical system shield,
It prevents the flue dust produced in forming process and metal powder metal into laser light path system, bad shadow is caused to the transmission of laser
It rings.
As shown in fig. 7, local powder bed shield is equipped with below laser printing light path system, above local powder bed shield
It is provided with glass light hole.Quartz glass is installed, quartz glass can guarantee that the laser of 1064nm is smooth on glass light hole
Light passing is fully sealed between quartz glass and local powder bed shield.
Local powder bed shield is respectively arranged with porous air inlet, more close to bottom along the two sides of dynamic powder cylinder radial direction
Hole gas outlet (may make up circulation gas circuit), for excluding the flue dust produced in SLM forming process in time, while guarantee local powder bed
Pressure and air balance inside shield.
As shown in figure 8, local powder bed shield is equipped with local power spreading device along the bottom of dynamic powder cylinder circumferential direction, it is main
It to include surge bunker and the scraper for being set to surge bunker bottom.Scraper is flexible scraper or hard scraper.Scraper is located at dynamic powder
It, can (the first side wall and second sidewall be stayed the lower end surface of slightly below local powder bed shield between cylinder the first side wall and second sidewall
There is certain gap, prevent from scratching).Scraper can be replaced in the process of running；Local power spreading device is by powder feeding pipes and together
It walks dust feeder to be connected, metal powder required for synchronous powder feeding system device shapes SLM is endlessly defeated according to powdering dosage
The problem of being sent in local power spreading device, on-demand weight feed, changing conventional powder mass storage also avoids local powdering dress
Set movement and power consumption caused by driving a large amount of powder particles；Laser printing light path system band during horizontal guide rail system motion
Dynamic part powder bed shield and local power spreading device movement, cooperate the operation of rotatable workbench, and local powdering dress may be implemented
It sets and carries out powdering by dynamic powder cylinder cross section profile course bearing in dynamic powder cylinder surfaces, the motion profile of local power spreading device and dynamic
The cross section profile pattern of state powder cylinder it is consistent (local power spreading device during the motion always in dynamic powder cylinder upper surface the
Between one side wall and second sidewall), extra powder will not be generated and overflowed outside dynamic powder cylinder, simultaneously as local powdering dress
It sets and is continuously moved according to dynamic powder cylinder cross section profile track along dynamic powder cylinder surfaces, save traditional SLM powdering process and need back
The process for receiving excessive powder, simplifies structure.
Glass light hole surrounding offers air blowing inclined hole, and air blowing inclined hole is located on the ring flange of fixed light passing glass, flange
Disk is fixed on local powder bed shield positioning, and guarantees to seal.Argon gas enters office via the air blowing inclined hole of glass light hole surrounding
In portion's powder bed shield, inert ambient environment is formed in local powder bed shield, prevents powder in laser SLM forming process from existing
It is aoxidized under high temperature.The inclination angle of air blowing inclined hole is preferred with 5-25 °, on the one hand, inert protective gas enters part via air blowing inclined hole
During powder bed shield, vortex can produce, prevent the flue dust generated in SLM forming process from depositing on glass light hole,
It prevents from generating bridging effect to laser；On the other hand, use inclination angle for 5-25 ° of air blowing inclined hole, it can be to avoid air-flow face powder
Is brought to powdering process and powder bed by adverse effect for bed surface.
In part SLM forming process, by the FDM print system installed in horizontal guide rail system (Y-direction) and rotatable
The movement of workbench, FDM print system print on rotatable workbench according to the section of outline shape of required processing part
The first side wall and second sidewall of dynamic powder cylinder；Milling subtracts material system of processing will be on the first side wall and second sidewall of dynamic powder cylinder
Surface Milling Process is smooth, it is ensured that powdering plane and dynamic powder cylinder upper surface are in the same plane；Local power spreading device is along dynamic
Synchronous powder feeding system device is sent into the metal powder of local power spreading device along parts profile via powder feeding pipe by the movement of state powder cylinder upper surface
Track is taped against in the cavity between dynamic powder cylinder the first side wall and second sidewall；After local power spreading device completes powder, stop fortune
Dynamic, laser printing light path system is started to work, and by controlling technological parameter, the scanning strategy of laser beam flying, is added according to required
The fusion of metal powder of dynamic powder cylinder surfaces is frozen into the section shape of required formation of parts by the section of outline shape of work part
Shape；Entire forming process carries out under the protection of inert gas；After complete one layer of end of scan, FDM print system, milling subtract material
System of processing, laser printing light path system integrally move up the distance (20-100 μm) of a powdering thickness along guide upright post,
Thickness is determined according to model section data；Dynamic powder cylinder the first side wall and second side of the FDM print system in previous Milling Process
Section of outline shape printing dynamic powder cylinder the first side wall and second sidewall according to required processing part are continued in wall upper surface；So
Afterwards successively according to Milling Process, local powdering, the order formation of parts that laser printing shapes, iterative cycles produce final institute
The part needed；Powder recovering device (explosion-proof vacuum cleaner siphons away unfused powder) is installed, for collecting around powder cylinder
Powder extra in annular powder cylinder, powder recovering device can recycle powder automatically, sieve powder, be recycled into and send after forming
Powder device realizes the recycling of powder.
The settable multiple observation windows in the side of local powder bed shield, in order to observe SLM forming process in real time.Part
Mountable camera on powder bed shield carries out intellectual monitoring to real-time powdering process by camera, can by data analysis
With multiple powdering；By monitoring the fluctuation situation of light path system electric current and voltage, the reality to laser power stability may be implemented
When monitor；Sensor and temperature sensor are monitored by pressure sensor, flow sensor, water oxygen content, to forming process
Parameter carries out intellectual monitoring；Real time on-line monitoring is carried out using the temperature field to forming process molten bath such as thermal infrared imager；Using
App or wechat small routine remotely monitor, and intelligent fault analysis prompt does not need someone and stares at pipe at the scene at the moment；By to forming
The online real-time acquisition of all data of process is excavated and is analyzed, to guarantee long-time part forming quality and subsequent technique optimization
Big data sample is provided to support.
Water cooling, current vortex heating device, electromagnetic system, ultrasonic system etc. can be set around dynamic powder cylinder, are changed to
Heat and Mass Transfer Characteristics, melt flow characteristics, temperature field, the cooling velocity in shape process molten bath change the Solidification Characteristics of tissue, realize
Crystal grain refinement, by technical study, by adjusting technological parameter and external access means, for tissue needed for drip molding customization and
Mechanical property.
Claims (8)
1. manufacturing process is melted in a kind of selective laser based on dynamic powder cylinder, which comprises the following steps:
(1) dynamic powder cylinder model is established
The section shape and size of dynamic powder cylinder is determined according to the resemblance of required formation of parts: the section of the dynamic powder cylinder
The maximum cross-section overall size of profile and required formation of parts matches；Corresponding to the two sides in required formation of parts section, note is dynamic
The two side walls of state powder cylinder are respectively the first side wall and second sidewall；Then the first side wall and second sidewall are final in the horizontal direction
Closure forms the cross section profile of dynamic powder cylinder；The first side wall and second sidewall of dynamic powder cylinder and the forming board as bottom surface
Constituent part shaped region；
(2) single layer of dynamic powder cylinder is generated
One layer of powder cylinder is generated using increasing material manufacturing forming technology, the height of powder cylinder meets progress one layer of part of SLM process forming and cuts
Piece；This layer of powder cylinder is divided into setting successively continuous several regions along its cross section profile track, for local powdering and SLM at
Shape；
(3) powdering of regional area
Under inert ambient environment, powder is inserted and is paved in one of region in current powder cylinder, forms local powder bed；
(4) the SLM forming of regional area
Under inert ambient environment, selective melting is carried out using powder of the SLM technique to the local powder bed；
(5) the SLM forming of single layer part slice
It is moved to subsequent region along powder cylinder cross section profile track, by repeating step (3) to the operation of step (4), is sequentially completed
The powdering and SLM forming in the remaining each region of this layer of powder cylinder, complete one layer of part slice；
(6) forming of entire part
The operation of step (2) to step (5) is repeated several times, generates new one layer of powder cylinder again in the upper surface of current powder cylinder, successively
Corresponding powdering and SLM forming are carried out, until entire part forming terminates.
2. manufacturing process is melted in the selective laser according to claim 1 based on dynamic powder cylinder, it is characterised in that: step
(2) one layer of powder cylinder is generated using increasing material manufacturing forming technology in, concrete technology is using fused glass pellet (FDM), Laser Near
Any one net formed in (LENS) and cold metal transfer welding technique (CMT).
3. manufacturing process is melted in the selective laser according to claim 1 based on dynamic powder cylinder, it is characterised in that: in step
(3) before, the upper surface of the powder cylinder also generated to step (2) carries out Milling Process, keeps its flat and smooth.
4. manufacturing process is melted in the selective laser according to claim 1 based on dynamic powder cylinder, it is characterised in that: in step
(6) after, milling refine also is carried out to part side.
5. manufacturing process is melted in selective laser according to claim 1 based on dynamic powder cylinder, it is characterised in that: setting with
With the local powder bed shield of powdering and SLM forming process synchronous marching, the leading flank installation of the part powder bed shield
The powder feeding of miniaturization and power spreading device, step (3) are by the quantitative real-time powder feeding in outside, and powder is fallen via the powder feeding and power spreading device
Enter regional area in powder cylinder and pave, forms the local powder bed.
6. manufacturing process is melted in the selective laser according to claim 5 based on dynamic powder cylinder, it is characterised in that: described lazy
Property atmosphere, be to be realized by being continually fed into inert gas in the local powder bed shield.
7. manufacturing process is melted in the selective laser according to claim 6 based on dynamic powder cylinder, it is characterised in that: the office
Portion's powder bed shield also utilizes Coanda effect that the flue dust of generation is quickly guided discharge, and forms indifferent gas in flue dust exit
Curtain further prevents the air of ambient enviroment to enter in local gas protective device.
8. manufacturing process is melted in the selective laser according to claim 1 based on dynamic powder cylinder, it is characterised in that: described lazy
Property atmosphere, be and to be continually fed into the closed chamber lazy by the periphery setting closed chamber in entire dynamic powder cylinder
Property gas realize.
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