CN107687502B - 具有电机离合设备的复合动力分流电控变速器 - Google Patents

具有电机离合设备的复合动力分流电控变速器 Download PDF

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CN107687502B
CN107687502B CN201710585872.2A CN201710585872A CN107687502B CN 107687502 B CN107687502 B CN 107687502B CN 201710585872 A CN201710585872 A CN 201710585872A CN 107687502 B CN107687502 B CN 107687502B
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planetary gear
gear
transmission
motor
gear set
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CN107687502A (zh
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A·G·霍姆斯
J·R·利特菲尔德
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GM Global Technology Operations LLC
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H3/00Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion
    • F16H3/44Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion
    • F16H3/72Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion with a secondary drive, e.g. regulating motor, in order to vary speed continuously
    • F16H3/727Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion with a secondary drive, e.g. regulating motor, in order to vary speed continuously with at least two dynamo electric machines for creating an electric power path inside the gearing, e.g. using generator and motor for a variable power torque path
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60KARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/36Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings
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    • B60K6/38Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the driveline clutches
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K6/00Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
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    • B60K6/42Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/44Series-parallel type
    • B60K6/445Differential gearing distribution type
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60KARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/50Architecture of the driveline characterised by arrangement or kind of transmission units
    • B60K6/54Transmission for changing ratio
    • B60K6/543Transmission for changing ratio the transmission being a continuously variable transmission
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H3/00Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion
    • F16H3/001Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion convertible for varying the gear-ratio, e.g. for selecting one of several shafts as the input shaft
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
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    • F16H3/666Gearings having three or more central gears composed of a number of gear trains without drive passing from one train to another with compound planetary gear units, e.g. two intermeshing orbital gears
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    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
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    • F16H3/00Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion
    • F16H3/44Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion
    • F16H3/72Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion with a secondary drive, e.g. regulating motor, in order to vary speed continuously
    • F16H3/727Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion with a secondary drive, e.g. regulating motor, in order to vary speed continuously with at least two dynamo electric machines for creating an electric power path inside the gearing, e.g. using generator and motor for a variable power torque path
    • F16H3/728Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion with a secondary drive, e.g. regulating motor, in order to vary speed continuously with at least two dynamo electric machines for creating an electric power path inside the gearing, e.g. using generator and motor for a variable power torque path with means to change ratio in the mechanical gearing
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K6/00Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
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    • F16H2200/2007Transmissions using gears with orbital motion characterised by the number of sets of orbital gears with two sets of orbital gears
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    • F16H2200/2043Transmissions using gears with orbital motion characterised by the engaging friction means not of the freewheel type, e.g. friction clutches or brakes with five engaging means
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract

公开了电控变速器(EVT)、EVT的制备方法和使用方法和具有EVT的混合动力电动车辆。提供了用于机动车辆的多速动力变速器,其具有发动机、两个电机和主减速器。变速器包括连接在发动机上的输入部件、连接在主减速器上的输出部件,和连接在齿轮系上的固定部件。第一和第二扭矩传递设备(TTD)分别连接在第一和第二电机上。变速器还包括具有由两个互连行星齿轮组所限定的四个接点的复合行星齿轮装置。第一TTD将第一电机可选择地连接在第一接点上,而第二TTD通过齿轮系将第二电机可选择地连接在第四接点上。输入部件在第二接点处连接,而输处部件在第三接点处连接。

Description

具有电机离合设备的复合动力分流电控变速器
技术领域
本发明通常涉及机动车的混合动力系。更具体地,本发明的各方面涉及同时具有电力驱动路径和机械驱动路径的电控变速器(EVT),以在变速器内提供分流模式的运转。
背景技术
传统的机动车辆(如今日的汽车)设置有这样的动力系,该动力系经运转以驱动车辆并且给随车携带的电子元件提供动力。动力系包括并且有时被错误地称为动力传动系,通常由发动机组成,而该发动机通过多速变速器将驱动力传递给车辆的主减速器(例如,前差速器和/或后差速器、前轴和/或后轴,以及车轮)。传统上,由于往复活塞式内燃机(ICE)容易获得并且相对便宜、质量轻和总效率,通过其来为汽车提供动力。此类发动机包括二冲程或四冲程压缩点火柴油发动机和四冲程火花点火汽油发动机,以及六冲程旋缸发动机。
另一方面,混合动力车辆利用备用电源驱动车辆,以使发动机对动力的依赖最小化并因而增加了整个车辆燃料的经济性。例如,混合电动车辆(HEV)同时结合电能和化学能,并且将其转换为机械力,以驱动车辆并且向车辆系统提供动力。HEV通常使用一个或多个电动机(E-machine),如电机/发电机,其单独工作或与内燃机一起工作以驱动车辆。由于混合动力车辆能够从除发动机之外的来源获得其动力,当其它动力源驱动车辆时,混合动力车辆中的发动机可以是关闭的。
串联混合动力结构的特征通常是内燃机驱动地耦连在发电机上。发电机依次给一个或多个电机提供动力,该电机运转以使主减速器部件转动。实际上,在串联混合动力系中,发动机和主减速器之间没有驱动机械连接。发动机和车轮之间机械连接的缺失使得发动机在恒定高效速度下运行,例如,更接近于37%的理论极限,而不是20%的正常平均值,即使车辆速率发生变化时。电机/发电机也可以在电动机运行模式下运转,以启动内燃机。通过“再生制动”,这一系统也可以允许电机回收车辆减速中得到的能量并将其存储在电池中。
对比可知,动力分流混合动力结构的典型可以是内燃机和一个或多个电机/发电机组件,该一个或多个电机/发电机组件的每个具有与动力变速器的驱动机械联轴器。大多数动力分流混合动力设计将大的发电机和电机结合在一个单元中,以提供牵引动力并且取代了传统的起动电机和交流发电机。一个此类动力分流动力系结构包括双模式复合分流电动机械变速器,该双模式复合分流电动机械变速器使用输入部件接受来自ICE的动力,并且使用输出部件将动力从变速器传递给驱动轴。第一和第二电机/发电机独立地或协调地工作以转动变速器的输出轴。这些电机/发电机电连接在诸如电池组的能量存储装置上,以用于交换存储装置和电机/发电机之间的电力。使用动力系控制单元调节能量存储装置和电机/发电机之间的电力交换,以及电机/发电机之间的动力交换。
通过结合串联和并联混合动力系结构中得到的特征,电控变速器(EVT)提供无级变速比。使用内燃机与主减速器间的直接机械路径,EVT是可工作的,因此能获得相对较高的变速效率并且较低成本的应用,较轻便的电机硬件。使用与主减速器机械独立的发动机工作,在不同机械/电分流分布中,EVT也是可工作的,从而能获得高扭矩的无级变速比、电气控制启动、再生制动、发动机停机空转以及双模式工作。
EVT可以使用差速齿轮在输入和输出之间获得无级变速扭矩和速度比,而不会通过无级元件发送所有动力。EVT可以通过电机/发电机利用差速齿轮发送其传输动力的一部分。通过另一平行的路径(其是机械的和直接的(即,固定的比值)或可选择的),发送其动力的剩余部分。差速齿轮的一种形式是行星齿轮装置。行星齿轮提供了以下优点:紧凑以及在行星齿轮组的所有元件中的不同转矩和速度比。传统上,液压致动扭矩建立设备,诸如离合器和制动器(以下使用的术语“离合器”是指离合器和制动器),可选择地啮合,以激活上述用于在变速器输入和输出轴之间建立正转和倒转速率比的所需齿轮元件。通常将速度比定义为变速器输入速度除以变速器输出速度。
通常执行从一个速度比换位另一个速度比的换挡以响应发动机节气门和和车辆速度,并且一般涉及释放一个或多个与当前或所获得速度比相关的“常闭”离合器,并且应用一个或多个与所需或受到指令速度比相关的“常闭”离合器。在上述方式中执行的换挡被定义为“离合器到离合器”换挡,并且需要精确的计时,以便获得最佳品质的换挡。通常,从高速度比至较低速度比的换挡被称之为“加档”,反之,从低速度比至较高速度比的换挡被称之为“减档”。换挡控制包括“动力开启”换挡和“动力关闭”换挡。动力开启换挡是指发生在驾驶员“轻踩油门”期间(即,当驾驶员踩下油门踏板时)的换挡操作,而动力关闭换挡是指发生在驾驶员“轻松油门”期间(即,当油门踏板部分或完全释放时)的换挡操作的换挡操作。
发明内容
本文公开了用于机动车辆动力系的电控变速器,使用此类电控变速器的制备方法和使用方法,和具有复合动力分流电控变速器的机动车辆。通过非限制性的示例,公开了具有多个专用的离合器的改进复合动力分流EVT结构,其中,每个离合器作用在两个电机/发电机的一个,或断开电机/发电机或将电机/发电机减速齿轮换挡为高速工作。可以使用第三“冗余”电机/发电机实现多模混合动力变速器的这一新形式,例如,第三“冗余”电机/发电机驱动主减速器的后轴以及一个或多个离合器以断开冗余电机,而冗余电机有助于消除冗余电机阻力。可以使用此类断开离合代替全套模式选择硬件。至少对于一些实施,可以使用两组或多组传动齿轮,代替使用行星齿轮组,以将扭矩从电机/发电机传动给驱动系统的剩余部分。
也公开了装备有复合动力分流动力系统的插电式混合动力电动车辆(PHV/PHEV)和其它混合动力电动车辆(HEV)结构。动力系含有两个或多个电机/发电机,复合行星齿轮组,以及至少一组降低速度和放大从电机/发电机至行星齿轮组扭矩的齿轮。在电机/发电机和行星齿轮组的第一元件之间的第一齿轮比,至少一个离合设备连接具有行星齿轮组的电机/发电机。电机/发电机是可断开的,从而保持静止或寻找最小损耗速度,而车辆在向前运动,特别是在高车辆速度下向前运动。另外,在电机/发电机和行星齿轮组的部件之间的第二齿轮比,电机/发电机可以被第二离合设备连接。
根据至少一个优选实施例,复合动力分流动力系包括两个驱动单元,一个在车辆的前轴上,而一个在车辆的后轴上。使用两个电机/发电机中的第一个和复合行星齿轮组之间的离合器,配置第一驱动单元以用于复合动力分流工作,并且第二驱动单元含有第三电机/发电机。当第一电机/发电机断开时,使用在道路上的共用连接和第二和第三电机/发电机,第一和第二驱动单元可以一起形成输入动力分流装置。第一电机/发电机可以从一个比值换挡为另一比值,而当第一电机/发电机所需的扭矩小于或为0以使输出干扰最小化时执行这一换挡。例如,由第二电机/发电机产生的电力可以临时从第一电机/发电机转移至电池组或当存在第三电机时转移至第三电机/发电机。
公开构思的至少一些所伴随优点包括解决了相对低的输出扭矩和单模式复合分流动力流结构的不灵活性。其它优点包括增加速度和扭矩的组合(“拐角功率(cornerpower)”),其由于驱动单元内的固定比,从其它单模式复合分流驱动单元获得。如果施用在具有独立电机的HEV系统上(例如,在P4混合动力电结构中),通过断开的离合器、降低或其它消除任何冗余电机/发电机的阻力,系统可以换挡为多模工作。系统可以实现全轮驱动(AWD)功能,增加高速下巡航的电机效率,以及降低高速下的机械阻力。
本发明的各个方面涉及具有无极动力分流差速齿轮并且通过变速器独立切换动力路径的多速动力变速器。例如,公开了用于机动车辆的多速动力变速器,其具有用于驱动车辆的发动机、两个电机和主减速器。变速器包括连接发动机的输入部件和连接主减速器的输出部件。也包括齿轮系统,其可以是行星齿轮组或传动齿轮组,并且被配置用于连接的固定部件,例如,通过反作用制动器配置用于连接齿轮系统。第一转矩传递设备(TTD)连接第一电机,而在这一示例中第二TTD连接第二电机。变速器还包括具有两个互连行星齿轮组的复合行星齿轮装置,其每一个具有三个齿轮部件(例如,恒星齿轮、行星齿轮和环形齿轮)。复合行星齿轮装置具有四个动力传递接点。第一TTD将第一电机选择地连接在复合行星齿轮装置的第一接点上,然而第二TTD通过齿轮系统将第二电机选择地连接在第四接点上。相反,变速器输入部件在第二接点处连接复合行星齿轮装置,然而变速器输出部件在第三接点处连接,以将转动动力从变速器传输至主减速器。
本发明的其它方面涉及具有复合动力分流电控变速器的机动车辆。本文中所使用的“机动车辆”可以包括任何相关的车辆平台,诸如乘用车辆(混合动力车辆、电动车辆、燃料电池车辆等)、商用车辆、工业车辆、履带车辆、全地形车辆(ATV)、农业设备、摩托车等。在一示例中,混合动力电动车辆包括内燃机(ICE)、两个或多个电机/发电机(M/G)和具有安装在前轴和/或后轴上驱动车轮的主减速器系统。还包括具有变速箱、连接发动机输出轴的变速器输入轴和连接主减速器系统驱动车轮的变速器输出轴的EVT。
EVT还包括设置在变速器箱内的齿轮系、连接在第一M/G的第一离合器、连接在第二M/G的第二离合器,和将齿轮系的齿轮部件选择性接触变速箱的反作用制动器。还包括具有两个复合行星齿轮组的复合行星齿轮装置,每个复合行星齿轮组包括三个齿轮部件。第一行星齿轮组的三个齿轮部件中的两个与第二行星齿轮组的三个齿轮部件中的两个互连。可以共用每个行星齿轮组的一个齿轮部件,诸如常见的太阳齿轮或常见的环状齿轮。复合行星齿轮装置具有四个接点:第一离合器选择地连接第一M/G和第一结点和断开第一M/G和第一结点;第二离合器通过齿轮系统选择地连接第二M/G和第四结点和断开第二M/G和第四结点;变速器输入轴在第二接点处连接;以及变速器输出轴在第三接点处连接。
在本发明的又一些方面,提供了所公开动力变速器任何一个的制备方法和使用方法。正如另一实例,机动车辆的混合动力系统包括发动机、两个电机、具有一个或多个车轮的主减速器系统,和多速动力变速器。这一变速器包括连接在发动机上的输入部件、连接在主减速器系统上的输出部件、固定部件,和选择地接触固定部件的齿轮系统。第一TTD可操作地连接在第一电机上,并且第二TTD可操作地连接在第二电机上。变速器还包括具有互连行星齿轮组的复合行星齿轮装置,每个行星齿轮组包括三个齿轮部件。复合行星齿轮装置限定了第一、第二、第三和第四接点:第一TTD选择地将第一电机连接在第一接点上,第二TTD通过齿轮系统选择地将第二电机连接在第四接点上,输入部件可操作地连接在第二接点上,并且输出部件可操作地连接在第三接点上。可以设想,上述复合行星齿轮装置的一个或多个或所有以复合双行星齿轮装置的形式出现。
上述发明内容并不旨在披露本发明的每个实施例或每个方面。相反,前述的发明内容仅仅提供一些本文所述新型方面和特征的例证。本发明的上述特征和优点和其它特征和优点,通过以下对本发明说明的具体实施方式和模式,结合附图和附属权利要求而言是显而易见的。
附图说明
图1是示出根据本发明方面作为机动车辆混合动力系部分的复合动力分流电控变速器(EVT)的示意图。
图2是图1所示EVT的杆状示意图。
本发明容许各种修改和替代形式,并且一些具体实施方式通过示例的方式来示出并且将在此进行详细地描述。然而,应当理解,本发明的新颖性方面不受附图中所示具体形式的限制。而是,本发明旨在覆盖所有修改、等同物、组合、子组合,并且修改落入由所附权利要求限定的本发明精神和范围内。
具体实施方式
本发明容许有多种不同形式的实施例。其在附图中被示出并在本发明的具体实施方式中进行了详细描述,但是应当理解,本发明将被认为是本发明的原理的示例并不在于将本发明的宽泛范围限制在所示的实施例中。例如,在摘要、发明内容和具体实施方式部分公开的范围、元件和限定,并没有具体说明明权利要求书中,不应该通过暗示、推断或其它方面单独或共同结合在权利要求书中。为了本详细描述,除非明确地放弃保护:单数的使用包括复数,反之亦然;术语“和”和“或”都应该是连接、转折;术语“所有”是指“任何一个和所有”;术语“所有”是指“任何一个和所有”;并且术语“包括”和“包含”和“具有”是指“包括但不限于”。而且,近似术语、诸如“大约”、“几乎”、“基本”、“约”等等这里可以用于“处于、靠近或近似”、或“在3-5%内”或“在可接受制造容差内”或其任何逻辑结合,例如。
现在参考附图,根据本发明方面,其中在各个视图中相同附图标记是指相同特征,在图1中示出了代表性汽车的示意图,汽车整体标记在10处,复合动力分流混合动力系整体标记为11处。具有不同原动机的示例性车辆动力系11示出在图1中,其包括发动机12和一对电机/发动机组件14和16,电机/发动机组件14和16通过多速电控变速器(EVT)18驱动地连接到主减速器系统13。主减速器系统13在本文中以由车轴15连接在一对驱动车轮19上的差速器17来表示。汽车10(也将其简称为“机动车辆”或“车辆”)仅仅是示例性的应用,可以通过其实现本发明新颖性方面。同样,本构思在混合电动结构上的实施应当理解为本文所公开新颖构思的示例性应用。因此,应当理解,本发明的方面和特征均可并入其它车辆动力系结构并且用于任何逻辑相关类型的机动车辆。例如,在图1所示的实例中,发动机14可以是任何已知或下文设计的发动机,诸如二冲程或四冲程内燃柴油或四冲程汽油发动机,其在每分钟转速(RPM)的数量上容易适用于提供合适的动力输出。
至少对于一些实施,图1的混合动力系11被设计用于发动和驱动车辆10,即,使车辆在所有低道路速度和高道路速度之间的速度范围内工作,并且向随车携带电子器件提供动力。尽管在图1中未明确描述,应当理解,主减速器系统13可以包括任何已知的结构,例如,前轮驱动(FWD)、后轮驱动(RWD)、四轮驱动(4WD)、全轮驱动(AWD)等。动力系统11额外地具有能量存储系统21,例如,能量存储系统21包括一个或多个电池,该电池包括锂离子电池、铅蓄电池和金属氢化物镍电池变体,所述电池设置为堆叠为电池组的电池模块组。能量存储系统21可操作地连接在第一和第二电机/发电机14、16上,使得电机/发电机可以将扭矩传递给变速器18或接受来自变速器18的扭矩。动力系11还包括随车携带的动力系控制器或电子控制单元(ECU)23,其可操作地连接在动力源12、14、16和能量存储系统21,以控制扭矩从这些动力源向EVT 18的分布。
如附图所示的“电控变速器”,包括变速器行星齿轮系统,其可操作地连接在发动机12的每个、第一电机/发电机14和第二电机/发电机16上。发动机12的沟道效应相关的扭矩和至行星齿轮系统不同部件的两个电机/发电机14和16允许动力源的一个或辅助或平衡另外两个动力源任何一个的运转。因此,操作上连接到EVT 18的发动机12和多个电机/发电机14和16的组合允许发动机和电机/发电机的速度和扭矩被控制并且独立选择,以便更有效地为受试车辆提供动力。
结合在诸如电机/发电机14、16的电动机的EVT 18大致可以描述为电子机械驱动单元,因为其能够驱动车辆10而不需要来自发动机12的作用或动力或不需要存在发动机12。为了简明起见,本说明书将是指结构(电子机械驱动单元和电控变速器)都作为连接至发动机12,以及连接至电机/发电机14、16,可以理解发动机12可以完全被不同的原动机去除或取代。此外,混合动力系11的连接,在以下更详细的描述,可允许整体降低第一和第二电机/发电机14和16组合中的扭矩要求,同时提供可接受车辆的性能,正如与其它系统相比较。
图1的EVT 18包括两个或多个齿轮系统(第一行星齿轮组(PGS)22、第二PGS 24和齿轮系统44(图1)或第三PGS 44'(图2)),其示出在图2的杆状图中。水平图是诸如自动变速器的机械设备构件的示意杆状图。正如本文中所使用的,每个杆可以代表单个行星齿轮组,具有两个或多个互连的行星齿轮组的复合行星齿轮装置,或外部齿轮组。在行星齿轮组的杆上,受试齿轮系统的三个基本机械构件,即太阳齿轮、行星齿轮和机架和环状齿轮部件,其分别由具体杆上的接点来表示。因此,典型的单行星齿轮组的杆含有三个接点:一个用于太阳齿轮部件、一个用于行星齿轮架部件,和一个用于环状齿轮部件。由太阳齿轮、围绕的环状齿轮和与恒星齿轮和环状齿轮相配合的行星组成的简单的单行星齿轮组在此类杆的一端具有太阳齿轮接点,在杆的另一端具有环状齿轮接点,和沿杆上具有轮架接点。根据需要,每个行星齿轮组杆的接点之间的相对长度可以用于表示每个相应PGS的环状齿轮太阳齿轮比。这些杆比值依次用于改变变速器的齿轮比,从而获得合适的比值和比级数。不同行星齿轮组接点之间的机械联结或互连由细长水平线所表示,然而扭矩传递设备,诸如离合器和制动器,被呈现为交叉的指状物和虚线框。假如设备为制动器时,一组指状物为接触的。杆状图的格式、目的和应用的进一步解释可以发现在Benford Howard和LeisingMaurice创作的SAE论文810102“杠杆模拟:传递分析的新工具(The Lever Analogy:A NewTool in Transmission Analysis)”(1981)中,其通过引用全部结合在本文中。
根据图1和图2所示的示例,通过结合复合行星齿轮装置20,EVT 18部分帮助限定了复合动力分流混合动力系11的结构。总之,如图2中所示,通过提供两个分开的固定连接或一个行星齿轮组部件和另一行星齿轮组部件之间的“配对”,建立了四接点杆。例如,可以在一个齿轮组的行星架和另一个齿轮组的环状齿轮之间或一个齿轮组的行星架和另一个齿轮组的太阳齿轮之间,提供此类固定连接。当使用单个此类固定连接时,受试连接作用是降低从6至4单独转动惯量的最大数量(绕共同的中心轴)和从4至2的总自由度。因而受限制的,为了转动速度,复合行星齿轮装置20提供了第一、第二、第三和第四接点。然而,应当理解,可以得到所示复合行星齿轮装置的变化,以提供将完成此类结果四接点杆,而此类变化在本发明的范围内。还设计了复合双行星齿轮装置。
在图1中,复合行星齿轮装置20由第一PGS 22构成。使用第一PGS 22的两个部件,第一PGS 22与第二PGS 24互连,而第一PGS 22可操作地连接在第二PGS 24的两个部件上。正如在图2中可以看到,代表复合行星齿轮装置20杆图26包括分别为第一、第二、第三和第四接点J-1、J-2、J-3和J-4。第一接点J-1代表第二行星齿轮组24的第一部件2-M1或由第二行星齿轮组24的第一部件2-M1至少部分限定,然而第二接点J-2代表第二行星齿轮组24的第二部件2-M2或由第二行星齿轮组24的第二部件2-M2至少部分限定。同样,第三接点J-3代表与第一PGS 22第二部件1-M2互连的第二行星齿轮组24的第一部件2-M3或由第一PGS 22第二部件1-M2互连的第二行星齿轮组24的第一部件2-M3至少部分限定,而第四接点J-4代表与齿轮系统44和第三PGS 44'互连的第一PGS 22的第三部件1-M3或由齿轮系统44和第三PGS 44'互连的第一PGS 22的第三部件1-M3的至少部分限定。
再次参考图1,第一PGS 22由环状齿轮部件28、一个或多个与环状齿轮28相互啮合并且安装在行星架部件30上的行星齿轮,和与行星齿轮30相互啮合并且与环状齿轮28同心对齐的太阳齿轮部件32。此外,第二PGS 24由环状齿轮部件34、一个或多个与环状齿轮34相互啮合并且安装在行星架部件36上的行星齿轮,以及与行星齿轮36相互啮合并且与环状齿轮34同心对齐的太阳齿轮部件38。正如图2中所示,与上述第一和第二齿轮组22、24一致的结构,第一接点J-1可以代表第二PGS 24的太阳齿轮部件38。此外,第二接点J-2可以代表第二齿轮组24的行星架构件36,第二齿轮组24与第一齿轮组22的太阳齿轮部件32互连。另一方面,第三接点J-3可以代表第二齿轮组24的环状齿轮部件34,第二齿轮组24与第一齿轮组22的行星架构件30互连。最终,第四接点J-4可以代表第二齿轮组24的环状齿轮34,第二齿轮组24与第一齿轮组22的行星架构件30互连,诸如传动齿轮或齿轮系44(图1),或第三齿轮组44'的齿轮部件3-M1(图2)。接点J-2和J-3分别被选择和固定的互接,从而在选择转矩传输设备C1接合时,所得结构高效地产生了四接点杆。这样,图1中所示的动力系统10为图2所示杆状图所表示的动力系统10的具体实施例。尽管具体动力系统11表示在图1中,可以理解具体实施例本质上是简单示例性的,并且在图2杆状图范围内的其它动力系统装置也是被考虑的。
正如图1所描述的,设置发动机12和第一电机/发电机14或至少其各自扭矩传递输入轴以绕共同第一转动轴A1转动。可逆地,设置第二电机/发电机16或至少其各自扭矩传递输出轴以绕第二转动轴A2转动。根据图示的示例,第一轴A1基本上平行于第二轴A2。图1的齿轮系统44,或PGS 44'被配置以用于将第二电机/发电机16在第四连接J-4处可操作地连接在复合行星齿轮装置20。齿轮系统44可以配置为单级或多级平行轴齿轮组。
发动机12、第一电机/发电机14和第二电机/发电机16通过输入部件装置可操作地连接在EVT 18上,输入部件装置将扭矩从动力源传输至复合行星齿轮装置20。作为非限制性的示例,输入部件装置包括发动机12的发动机输出轴,该发动机输出轴作为输入部件46;第一电机/发电机14,该电机/发电机作为输入部件48;和第二电机/发电机16,该电机/发电机作为输入部件50。输入部件46被配置用于向EVT 18的发动机提供扭矩。电机输入部件48和50各自被配置用于将扭矩从其各自电机/发电机14和16提供至EVT 18。如图2中所见,可以期望的是第一电机输入部件48连续地连接或可选择地连接在第一接点J-1上(例如,通过扭矩传递设备C-0)。通过齿轮系统44/PGS 44',第二电机输入部件50可以连续地连接或可选择地连接在第四接点J-4上(例如,通过扭矩传递设备C-4)。EVT 18还包括输出部件52,其本质上为变速器输出轴。这一输出部件52可以连续地连接在第三接点J-3上并且可操作地将输入扭矩从复合行星齿轮装置20传递给主减速器13,以发动并驱动车辆。
正如图1中所见,EVT 18还包括“固定部件”,其本质上是变速箱或变速壳54。通过可选择性控制扭矩传递设备C-3-1,使用变速箱54,第三齿轮组44'的第二齿轮部件3-M2可选择地连接,从而接触齿轮组的部件。通过诸如电磁线圈的电致动设备,任何或全部所示的扭矩传递设备可选择性地啮合和脱开。另外,可以配置扭矩传递设备C-3-1或为带式制动器、滚子-斜面单向离合制动器、齿式离合器,或为斜撑式制动器。其它扭矩传递设备C-0、C-1、C-2和C-4,可以各自包括摩擦离合器、齿式离合器和斜撑式制动器。因此,扭矩传递设备C-3-1可以相对于壳体54来制动第二齿轮部件3-M2。
参照图2,(第一)扭矩传递设备,即第0离合器C-0,连接到第一电机/发电机14并且可操作地选择将第一电机/发电机14与复合行星齿轮装置20的第一接点J-1连接和/或断开。还如图2中所示,另一(第二)扭矩传递设备,即第4离合器C-4,连接到第一电机/发电机16并且可操作地选择连接和/或断开第一电机/发电机16与第四接点J-4,即,通过将电动16和第三PGS 44'的第三齿轮部件3-M3连接和/或断开。正如前款所示的,(第三)扭矩传递设备,即图2的第3-1离合器C-3-1,可操作地选择将第三PGS 44'的第二齿轮部件3-M2与固定部件54接触。(第四)扭矩传递设备,诸如第一离合器C-1,使用第一行星齿轮组22的第一齿轮部件1-M1,促动地选择连接第二行星齿轮组24的第二齿轮部件2-M2。(第五)扭矩传递设备,诸如第二离合器C-2,促动地选择连接3-M1的第一齿轮部件3-M1,并且从而第三齿轮组44'至第四接点J-4,并且从而通过第三齿轮部件1-M3连接至第一齿轮组22。最后,可选的(第六)扭矩传递设备,其本质上可以是闭锁离合器C-3-2,促动地与第四离合器C-4结合,通过PGS 44'的第一齿轮部件3-M1直接将第二电机/发电机16连接复合行星齿轮装置20的第四接点J-4上或将第二电机/发电机16“锁定”在复合行星齿轮装置20的第四接点J-4。离合器C-3-1和C-3-2的实施在高扭矩和高速度下提供了系统运转。当确定电机速度太高时,离合器C-0和C-4从源流上可操作地断开其各自的电机14和16。
如图1和2所示,可以包括在离合器C-0并且可操作地断开第一电机/发电机14,可以包括离合器C-1并且可操作地分开复合行星齿轮装置20并因而断开第二电机/发电机16,可以包括离合器C-2并且可操作地断开齿轮系统44/44'的大部分和第二电机/发电机16,可以包括离合器C-3/C-3-1并且可操作地将额外自由度引入齿轮系44/44'并因而断开第二电机/发电机16,和/或可以包括离合器C-4并且可操作地断开第二电机/发电机16。可以包括离合器(C-3和C-4)或(C-3-1和C-3-2)并且用于在电机/发电机16和复合行星齿轮装置20的相同部件之间获得两个不同的速度比。
还如图2中所示的是可选的第三“冗余”电机/发电机60,其选择地运转,以在车辆10工作期间将动力供应给可选的主减速器25并从而提供全轮驱动(AWD)的功能。在所示的示例中,第三电机/发电机60持续地连接在可选第四行星齿轮组62的第三齿轮部件4-M3上。(第七)扭矩传递设备,即图2的第5-1离合器C-5-1,可操作地选择将第四PGS 62的第二齿轮部件4-M2与固定部件54接触。可选的(第八)扭矩传递设备,其本质上可以是闭锁离合器C-5-2,通过PGS 62的第一齿轮部件4-M1,可选择性地促动第三电机/发电机60直接连接或“锁定”驱动轴25。
下表列出了图1和2所示EVT 18的不同工作模式下啮合和脱开的离合器机构。作为示例,为在车辆10为FWD或AWD模式时向EVT 18提供复合分流工作模式,第一和第二电机/发电机14和16都为啮合状态,以给EVT 18提供动力。相反,在只有第一电机/发电机14时(第二电机/发电机16脱开时),系统可以过渡为“准齿轮”状态,其中EVT 18的工作为在固定齿轮比附近并且由使用电池动力的比值来进行变化。对于AWD动力系统,可以通过选择性地将功力变速器的所有三个电机啮合在主减速器上来提供“完全”工作模式。或通过啮合第一和第三电机而脱开第二电机,或通过啮合第二和第三电机而脱开第一电机来完成输入分流动力流,其中电机/发电机的一个的速度与车辆的速度成比例,这依赖于包括在三电机系统的离合器。在具有三个电机/发电机的系统结构中,通过得到的断开离合器,系统可以在输入分流动力流和复合分流动力流之间切换,以消除动力流不是必须的电机-发电机的阻力。这提供了具有输入分流和复合分流工作和具有从其它电机工作期间动力流中除去“冗余”第三电机的离合器的多模式混合动力的形式。输入分流和复合分流之间的过渡状态可以是完全或准齿轮,正如下表中所述。
FWD(或RWD)系统的状态 C-4
复合分流 开启
仅仅具有电机-发电机A的准齿轮 关闭
Figure BDA0001353517470000131
Figure BDA0001353517470000141
表1
尽管参考所示的实施例已经描述了本发明的各方面,本领域普通技术人员将认识可以进行许多变化而不偏离本发明的范围。本发明并不限于本文所披露的具体结构和复合形式;从前面的描述中清楚看出任何和所有修改、变化和变型落在所附权利要求限定的本发明的精神和范围内。而且,本发明构思清楚地包括前述元件和方面的任何和所有组合和子组合。

Claims (9)

1.一种用于机动车辆的多速动力变速器,所述机动车辆包括发动机、第一和第二电机,和用于驱动所述车辆的主减速器,所述变速器包括:
配置用于连接在所述发动机上的输入部件;
配置用于连接在所述主减速器上的输出部件;
齿轮系;
固定部件;
配置用于连接所述第一电机的第一扭矩传递设备;
配置用于连接所述第二电机的第二扭矩传递设备;以及
包括第一和第二互连行星齿轮组的复合行星齿轮装置,所述行星齿轮组的每个包括三个齿轮部件,所述复合行星齿轮装置具有第一、第二、第三和第四接点,
其中所述第一扭矩传递设备被配置用于可选择地将所述第一电机连接在所述复合行星齿轮装置的所述第一接点上,
其中所述第二扭矩传递设备被配置用于可选择地通过所述齿轮系将所述第二电机连接在所述第四接点上,
其中所述输入部件在所述第二接点处可操作地连接在所述复合行星齿轮装置,以及
其中所述输出部件在所述第三接点处可操作地连接在所述复合行星齿轮装置;
其中所述第一接点由被所述第二行星齿轮组的第一齿轮部件限定,所述第二接点由与所述第一行星齿轮组的第一齿轮部件互连的所述第二行星齿轮组的第二齿轮部件限定,所述第三接点由与所述第一行星齿轮组的第二齿轮部件互连的所述第二行星齿轮组的第三齿轮部件限定,并且所述第四接点由与所述齿轮系的齿轮部件互连的所述第一行星齿轮组的第三齿轮部件限定。
2.根据权利要求1所述的变速器,其中所述齿轮系包括具有三个各自齿轮部件的第三行星齿轮组。
3.根据权利要求2所述的变速器,还包括第三扭矩传递设备,其配置用于可选择地使所述齿轮系的所述第三行星齿轮组的所述齿轮部件的一个与所述固定部件接触。
4.根据权利要求1所述的变速器,还包括闭锁离合器,其被配置用于将所述第二电机直接连接在所述复合行星齿轮装置的所述第四接点上。
5.根据权利要求1所述的变速器,其中所述第一行星齿轮组的所述三个齿轮部件中的两个与所述第二行星齿轮组的所述三个齿轮部件中的两个互连。
6.根据权利要求1所述的变速器,其中所述互连的齿轮部件包括与所述第二行星齿轮组的行星架部件互连的所述第一行星齿轮组的太阳齿轮部件,以及与所述第二行星齿轮组的环状齿轮部件互连的所述第一行星齿轮组的行星架部件。
7.根据权利要求6所述的变速器,还包括第四扭矩传递设备,其被配置用于将所述第一行星齿轮组的互连的两个齿轮部件中的一个可选择地与所述第二行星齿轮组的互连的两个齿轮部件的一个相连接。
8.根据权利要求1所述的变速器,还包括第五扭矩传递设备,其被配置用于将所述齿轮系可选择地连接在所述复合行星齿轮装置的所述第四接点上。
9.根据权利要求1所述的变速器,其中所述第一和第二扭矩传递设备的每个包括摩擦离合器、齿式离合器或斜撑式制动器。
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