CN107674548B - 一种基于磁梯度自愈合防腐涂层的制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明设计了一种基于磁梯度自愈合防腐涂层的制备方法,属于金属防腐涂层领域。基于磁梯度自愈合防腐涂层的制备方法,其特征在于,向涂层中添加包封缓蚀剂的磁性纳米颗粒,在涂层制备过程中通过施加外部磁场,使磁性纳米颗粒在涂层中呈纵向梯度分布,近金属表面的纳米颗粒浓度高,该方法制备工艺简单,安全环保,降低了的智能纳米容器或功能性高分子微球的使用量,提高了常规自愈合涂层的防腐效果。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种基于磁梯度自愈合防腐涂层的制备方法,属于金属防腐涂层领域。
背景技术
钢结构的腐蚀容易引发油气泄露、环境污染、人身伤亡等突发性灾难事故。有机防腐涂层是将有机涂料和功能性填充物通过一定的方法涂敷在金属表面而形成的保护膜层。有机防腐涂层具有稳定性和致密性,可以长期隔离金属材料与腐蚀介质,成为钢结构的重要防护手段。涂层在长期使用中,会遭受磨损、磨耗和磨蚀,发生鼓泡、针孔和微裂纹等现象,从而使小面积的金属暴露在腐蚀介质中,引发局部腐蚀,导致涂层提前失效。近年来,人们针对智能自愈合防腐涂层的研究逐年增多。该类涂层破裂时,分散在涂层中的功能性微球、纳米容器能够释放愈合剂或缓蚀剂,在金属表面生成保护膜,减缓金属的腐蚀过程。自愈合涂层成为改善涂层防腐效果的一种新颖而有效的方法。
人们研究开发的自愈合涂层大致可以分为两种:一种是将封装愈合剂的功能性高分子微球分散在涂层中,当有机涂层遭到破坏,高分子微球由于脆性和毛细管的虹吸作用,会向涂层微裂纹处释放愈合剂,愈合剂遇到特定物质或条件(催化剂、水、氧气、光)发生固化,会填堵涂层的微裂纹,起到愈合涂层的效果;另一种是将包有缓蚀剂的高分子微球或纳米容器分散到涂层中,涂层破裂时,缓蚀剂渗入到金属基体表面,生成一层保护膜,从而防止金属腐蚀。
目前,关于自愈合防腐涂层的研究还存在以下问题:涂层中愈合剂或缓蚀剂的装载量供不应求,无法达到理想的愈合效果,如果单纯依靠增加纳米容器或高分子微球的含量来提高装载量又会带来填料的分散问题;另一方面,纳米容器或高分子微球在常规自愈合防腐涂层中是均匀分布的,而实际上具有显著自愈合效果的纳米容器或高分子微球是靠近腐蚀微区的,因为缓蚀剂或愈合剂的释放、迁移和成膜过程最好在金属发生腐蚀之前完成。
发明内容
本发明的目的是针对上述几个问题,提出一种基于磁梯度自愈合防腐涂层的制备方法,通过向涂层中添加包封缓蚀剂的磁性纳米颗粒,在涂层制备过程中通过施加外部磁场,使磁性纳米颗粒在涂层中呈纵向梯度分布,近金属表面的纳米颗粒浓度高,该方法制备工艺简单,安全环保,降低了的智能纳米容器或功能性高分子微球的使用量,提高了常规自愈合涂层的防腐效果。
为实现上述目的,本发明采用的具体施工方案为:
(1)制备包封缓蚀剂的磁性纳米颗粒;
(2)将包封缓蚀剂的磁性纳米颗粒分散到环氧树脂中;
(3)将上述环氧树脂与一定量的环氧树脂固化剂、分散剂、消泡剂混合制成涂层;
(4)将金属浸泡在上述涂层中,在外加磁场的作用下,制备基于磁梯度自愈合防腐涂层。
作为优选,所述步骤(1)包封缓蚀剂的磁性纳米颗粒的制备过程为:
在反应器中加入2-10g FeCl3·6H2O、1-5g Na2SO3、50-100mL去离子水,在氩气保护下反应30min,加入2-8mL的浓氨水,调节温度至70℃,反应1-1.5小时,得到稳定的Fe3O4胶体。
称取上述Fe3O4胶体0.01-0.1g,依次加入0.1-1g十六烷基三甲基溴化铵、10-50mL去离子水、1-5gNaOH和0.5-5mL正硅酸乙酯,在70℃下搅拌反应2 h,反应产物用去离子水冲洗3遍,过滤。
将上述反应产物在500-600℃的马弗炉中煅烧30-60min,得到磁性纳米SiO2颗粒。
将磁性纳米颗粒与缓蚀剂溶液混合,在20-40℃下恒温搅拌48 h,反应结束后,加入一定量的去离子水稀释,减压过滤,在40℃鼓风干燥箱中放置2-3天,得到封装缓蚀剂的磁性纳米颗粒。
作为优选,所述步骤(1)中的缓蚀剂可以是8羟基喹啉、苯并三氮唑或二巯基苯并噻唑。
作为优选,所述步骤(2)中包封缓蚀剂的磁性纳米颗粒在涂层中所占的质量比为0.1%~5%。
作为优选,所述步骤(3)中环氧树脂固化剂与环氧树脂的质量比为2:1。
本发明有益效果在于:
本发明基于磁梯度自愈合防腐涂层,由于磁性纳米颗粒在涂层中是呈纵向梯度分布的,金属近表面的磁性纳米颗粒浓度高,因此,在涂层破损处释放足够的缓蚀剂,缓蚀剂与金属生成的保护膜直接覆盖在金属基体上,结合力更好,缓蚀效率更高。
具体实施例
下面结合具体实施例对本发明作进一步说明:
实施例1
在反应器中加入10g FeCl3·6H2O、5g Na2SO3、100mL去离子水,在氩气保护下反应30min,加入8mL的浓氨水,调节温度至70℃,反应1小时,得到稳定的Fe3O4胶体。
称取上述Fe3O4胶体0.1g,依次加入1g十六烷基三甲基溴化铵、50mL去离子水、5gNaOH和5mL正硅酸乙酯,在70℃下搅拌反应2 h,反应产物用去离子水冲洗3遍,过滤。
将上述反应产物在550℃的马弗炉中煅烧60min,得到磁性纳米SiO2颗粒。
将磁性纳米颗粒与饱和二巯基苯并噻唑水溶液混合,在40℃下恒温搅拌48 h,反应结束后,加入一定量的去离子水稀释,减压过滤,在40℃鼓风干燥箱中放置3天,得到封装缓蚀剂的磁性纳米颗粒。
取上述封装缓蚀剂的磁性纳米颗粒1g,分散到环氧树脂中;再加入环氧树脂固化剂、分散剂、消泡剂混合制成涂层;
将上述涂层在外加磁场下涂覆于AZ91镁合金表面形成基于磁梯度的自愈合防腐涂层。
实施例2
在反应器中加入10g FeCl3·6H2O、5g Na2SO3、100mL去离子水,在氩气保护下反应30min,加入8mL的浓氨水,调节温度至70℃,反应1小时,得到稳定的Fe3O4胶体。
称取上述Fe3O4胶体0.1g,依次加入1g十六烷基三甲基溴化铵、50mL去离子水、5gNaOH和5mL正硅酸乙酯,在70℃下搅拌反应2 h,反应产物用去离子水冲洗3遍,过滤。
将上述反应产物在550℃的马弗炉中煅烧60min,得到磁性纳米SiO2颗粒。
将磁性纳米颗粒与饱和苯并三氮唑水溶液混合,在40℃下恒温搅拌48 h,反应结束后,加入一定量的去离子水稀释,减压过滤,在40℃鼓风干燥箱中放置3天,得到封装缓蚀剂的磁性纳米颗粒。
取上述封装缓蚀剂的磁性纳米颗粒1g,分散到环氧树脂中;再加入环氧树脂固化剂、分散剂、消泡剂混合制成涂层;
将上述涂层在外加磁场下涂覆于H62铜合金表面形成基于磁梯度的自愈合防腐涂层。
上述具体的实施方式是为了说明本发明的特点,实施案例介绍了发明构思,实验反应的时间以及操作方法,但并不能对本发明的权利要求进行限定,其它任何未背离本发明的技术方案都包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (4)
1.一种基于磁梯度自愈合防腐涂层的制备方法,其特征在于,制备包封缓蚀剂的磁性纳米颗粒,将包封缓蚀剂的磁性纳米颗粒分散到环氧树脂中,将环氧树脂与一定量的环氧树脂固化剂、分散剂、消泡剂混合制成涂层;
所述包封缓蚀剂的磁性纳米颗粒的制备过程为:
在反应器中加入2-10gFeCl3·6H2O、1-5gNa2SO3、50-100mL去离子水,在氩气保护下反应30min,加入2-8mL的浓氨水,调节温度至70℃,反应1-1.5小时,得到稳定的Fe3O4胶体;
称取上述Fe3O4胶体0.01-0.1g,依次加入0.1-1g十六烷基三甲基溴化铵、10-50mL去离子水、1-5gNaOH和0.5-5mL正硅酸乙酯,在70℃下搅拌反应2h,反应产物用去离子水冲洗3遍,过滤;
将上述反应产物在500-600℃的马弗炉中煅烧30-60min,得到磁性纳米SiO2颗粒;
将磁性纳米颗粒与缓蚀剂溶液混合,在20-40℃下恒温搅拌48h,反应结束后,加入一定量的去离子水稀释,减压过滤,在40℃鼓风干燥箱中放置2-3天,得到封装缓蚀剂的磁性纳米颗粒;
将所述涂层在外加磁场下涂覆于H62铜合金表面形成基于磁梯度的自愈合防腐涂层。
2.根据权利要求1所述的基于磁梯度自愈合防腐涂层的制备方法,所述的磁性纳米颗粒为介孔SiO2包覆Fe3O4的磁性纳米颗粒。
3.根据权利要求1所述的基于磁梯度自愈合防腐涂层的制备方法,所述的包封缓蚀剂的磁性纳米颗粒在涂层中所占的质量比为0.1%~5%。
4.根据权利要求1所述的基于磁梯度自愈合防腐涂层的制备方法,所述的缓蚀剂为8-羟基喹啉或苯并三氮唑或二巯基苯并噻唑。
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