CN107671112A - Wild plant restoration method for heavy metal contaminated soil - Google Patents
Wild plant restoration method for heavy metal contaminated soil Download PDFInfo
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- CN107671112A CN107671112A CN201710814181.5A CN201710814181A CN107671112A CN 107671112 A CN107671112 A CN 107671112A CN 201710814181 A CN201710814181 A CN 201710814181A CN 107671112 A CN107671112 A CN 107671112A
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- soil
- heavy metal
- plant
- fiddlehead
- wild
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C1/00—Reclamation of contaminated soil
- B09C1/10—Reclamation of contaminated soil microbiologically, biologically or by using enzymes
- B09C1/105—Reclamation of contaminated soil microbiologically, biologically or by using enzymes using fungi or plants
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C2101/00—In situ
Abstract
The invention relates to a method for restoring wild plants in heavy metal contaminated soil, which restores the heavy metal contaminated soil by using wild pteridium aquilinum, so that the wild plants can meet the characteristics of strong adsorption capacity to heavy metals and strong environmental adaptability, and the method has the advantages of low planting difficulty, easy management, suitability for large-area contaminated soil, rapid growth and large biomass. Furthermore, in order to increase the restoration efficiency, a microbial regulator and an environment-friendly fertilizer are used in a combined manner, so that the growth capacity of the bracken is increased, and the growth period is prolonged; meanwhile, the situation that the soil structure is changed and damaged in the heavy metal polluted soil remediation and treatment process is avoided.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to agricultural technology field, relates generally to a kind of plant restoration method of contaminated soil, more particularly to one
The wild plant restorative procedure of kind heavy metal polluted soil in mine field.
Background technology
Soil is not only the important component of earth ecology circle, and important natural resources for the survival of mankind it
One, soil environment is an open system affected by many factors, with the rapid hair of the industrial activities such as exploitation of mineral resources, smelting
Exhibition, and the progress of the rural activity such as sewage irrigation, applying sludge and chemical fertilizer inferior, soil environment quality change, mining area
Or even mining city's Soil Surrounding heavy metal pollution problem turns into one of hot issue of environmental pollution, caused by mining
Mine tailing and melting waste slag make harmful element be transferred in soil through Weathering And Leaching caused by barren rock, ore dressing, and harmful heavy metal is continuous
Into in soil environment, cause soil quality to pollute crops while decline, enter human body finally by food chain, influence people
Class health.Therefore, administer heavy metal pollution of soil to conservation culture set and the life of human health is significant.
Have much currently for the administering method of heavy-metal contaminated soil, but some offices in practical application often all be present
Limit.Phytoremediation of Soils Contaminated by Heavy Metals technology is a kind of environment-friendly, economic, efficient soil environment recovery technique, is referred to
Using the absorption of plant and its root system to soil pollutant, volatilization, conversion, degraded, fixation and remove pollutant in soil
Recovery technique.After Phytoremediation of Soils Contaminated by Heavy Metals technology heavy metal is absorbed by plants, if into plant edible part,
Human health will be endangered.To avoid the exposure to human body, select non-consumption commercial crop plants to carry out plant in recent years and repair
Multiple research increasingly causes concern, because the phytoremediation technology of current metallic pollution soil is in potted plant experiment rank mostly
Section, or need extra implantation to be not belonging to the plant of institute's contaminated areas originally to absorb heavy metal, this for seriously polluted area and
Speech, typically a kind of extreme habitat, soil physico-chemical property extreme difference, the successful plant of traditional laboratory test are difficult to multiple
Settle down, therefore be very difficult to apply in practice in miscellaneous, rugged environment.Most of plant restoration methods reported usually require
Using the plant of artificial growth rehabilitating soil, it is necessary to expend a large amount of manpower, material resources and financial resources, economic effect does not show for a certain given area
Work, slowly effect, repairing effect are unstable, along with being limited by weather, soil environment so that the heavy metal product of these plants
Tired amount is limited, so as to be above restricted in its application.
In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, what the present invention selected is local indigenous wild plant, especially for sweet
The soil of respectful Longnan Prefecture and wild plant are analyzed and researched.Wild plant be it is a kind of artificially with caused height under natural selection
The plant group evolved is spent, applicant has found wild plant in water and soil conservation, soil improvement and agroecosystem through studying for a long period of time
Maintenance of bio-diversity etc. plays an important role in system.With a varied topography in Longnan City, photo-thermal is sufficient, there is white fungus, wood
The multiple eating bacterium of ear, mushroom, hedgehog hydnum, common vetch dish, dish of fainting etc. 100 and wild vegetables.Wherein, fiddlehead belongs to Pteridiaceae Cyclosorus pteridophyte,
Strong stress resistance, wide adaptability, light, moistening, nice and cool weather conditions, both high temperature resistant, also low temperature resistant, to light sensitive, Qiang Guang
With energy normal growth, but grown soon in the case where lighting delay number is longer under dim light, robust plant is tall and big.Plantation is once
It can harvest more than 10 years, growing power is vigorous, after harvesting once, can harvest within 10~15 days second, can continuously harvest 2~3 times within 1 year,
This enrichment and removal for heavy metal provides advantageous condition.And fiddlehead is Longnan of Gansu Province one with common wild
Plant, vitality is indomitable, adapts to the weather and soil and water resources of Longnan Prefecture, is easily settled in the band of south of Gansu Province one.Therefore the life of fiddlehead
Object amount is big, strong stress resistance, rapid growth the features such as cause it particularly suitable in practice.
Meanwhile by for Longnan Prefecture's heavy metal pollution soil carry out Analysis of Heavy Metals, Longnan City Minxian County,
The main small towns cloth point sampling such as Wudu, from the heavy metal species of Hg, As, Pb, Cd, Cr etc. five as the Soil Contamination Evaluation factor, with
Country《Standard of soil environment quality》(GB15618-2009) and soil and Soil In Gansu Province environmental background value are evaluation criterion,
Comprehensive pollution indexes classification is carried out to soil pollution index, the results showed that Cd metallic pollutions index is high, illustrates that sampling area is universal
Cd metallic pollutions are serious.Meanwhile mobility of the Cd in soil is significantly larger than the heavy metals such as Cu, Pb, Zn, thus contain in extremely low
Lower its of amount can also endanger animal and health.
As described above, in order to preferably administer the soil of macromycetes resources inLonglan area of Gansu heavy metal pollution, it is badly in need of solving following technology
Problem：
1st, the method for preferably utilizing local wild plant particularly fiddlehead restoration of soil polluted by heavy metal is found, makes it full
The characteristics of sufficient adsorption capacity for heavy metal is strong, strong to environment-adapting ability.
2nd, find more preferable combination treatment method so that this wild plant of fiddlehead reach plantation difficulty is low, be easily managed,
Suitable for pollution in wide area soil, grow the characteristics of rapid, biomass is big；Avoid heavy-metal contaminated soil repairing and treating mistake simultaneously
Change and destroy the situation of soil texture in journey.
The content of the invention
Therefore, the technical problems to be solved by the invention are to overcome technological deficiency of the prior art, so as to provide one
Kind strong stress resistance, easily colonization, growing power is vigorous and is easily used to actual phytoremediation for soil method, and simple to operate,
Cost is cheap, repairing effect is good, does not destroy soil fertility, suitable for pollution in wide area soil remediation.
Therefore, the present invention provides a kind of wild plant restorative procedure of heavy-metal contaminated soil, comprise the following steps：
Step A：Site preparation：The serious soil of Cr metallic pollutions is selected, utilizes wild pteridophyte or artificial growth fiddlehead so that be wild
Plant density reaches line-spacing 35-45cm, spacing in the rows 25-35cm；
Step B：Management：The plant time of infertility sprays brassinosteroid once without irrigating and applying fertilizer, in leaf stretching period oil；
Step C：Harvesting：Between plantation starts 3 years annual months summer 6-8, choose total scope of cultivated area 50% and only gather in ground
Upper part, continuous 3 years annual；Chosen respectively in three times between annual month summer 6-8 simultaneously total cultivated area 20%, 20%,
10% scope gathers in part 3 times above and below the ground；
Step D：Supplement site preparation：50% cultivated area that the previous year has been gathered in part above and below the ground reseeds fresh fern
Dish, Second Year continue repeat step B, step C；
Step E：Post processing：The aerial part gathered in every time is ashed according to a conventional method, heavy metal is extracted, persistently planted
Journey to heavy metal in soil Cr tenors reach environmental safety standard.
Preferably, during the above-described brassinosteroid sprinkling phase preferably annual 4-5 months, spray concentration 0.30mg/L,
Annual sprinkling is once.
Preferably, above-described harvesting aerial part refers to that harvesting is ripe or grows higher fiddlehead, does not include new hair
Bud plant.
Preferably, withered to prevent after several years of fiddlehead root growth gradually aging, fiddlehead, which grows every 3 years, to be added
Thin fertilizer, fertilizer type are preferably：Humic acid fertilizers.Likewise it is preferred that content of humic acid is more than 20%, available nitrogen is more than
2.0%.
In wherein step C, i.e., gathered in three times between the annual summer 6-8 months, choose total scope of cultivated area 20% for the first time and receive
Cede territory upper and under ground portion, choosing the total scope of cultivated area 20% harvesting for the second time, part, third time are chosen always above and below the ground
The scope of cultivated area 10% gathers in part above and below the ground.
The applicant by studying for a long period of time discovery, fiddlehead in Longnan of Gansu Province one with very common, and this wild plant
Vitality is indomitable, adapts to the weather and soil and water resources of Longnan Prefecture, is easily settled in the band of south of Gansu Province one.Therefore the biomass of fiddlehead
Greatly, strong stress resistance, growth it is rapid the features such as cause in its soil particularly suitable for repairing heavy metal pollution.By calculating
Go out plant heavy metal transhipment coefficient and absorption coefficient, to the overall merit of fiddlehead rehabilitating soil ability, it is believed that it is applicable very much
In large area Cultivate administration, the reparation of heavy-metal contaminated soil is carried out.
In research process, in order to further increase the repair ability of fiddlehead heavy metal soil in specific period, improve
The absorbability of the root, stem and leaf heavy metal of fiddlehead, the present invention especially carry out microorganism life in the planting season of fiddlehead and management phase to it
The sprinkling of long conditioning agent, lost with adding leaf r elative water content and critical saturation, be especially the increase in length, the width of blade
And thickness, so as to increase the effective area for absorbing heavy metal.In addition, in order to further increase heavy metal under ground portion on the ground
Partial transfer, while ensure the growth ability of under ground portion, strengthens the growth cycle of fiddlehead, to every 3 years of fiddlehead in growth
Carry out adding thin fertilizer processing, while fertilizer type is preferably humic acid fertilizers, using its chesson, increase soil temperature, is improved
Soil anion exchange capacity and soil buffer performance etc. act on, and can provide a certain amount of nutrient to fiddlehead rhizome, increase its growth
Ability and extend its growth cycle.
The above-mentioned technical proposal of the present invention has advantages below compared with prior art：Compared with existing plant restoration method,
The present invention is repaired using local wild plant heavy metal contaminated soil, wild plant is disclosure satisfy that for heavy metal
The characteristics of adsorption capacity is strong, strong to environment-adapting ability, and plant difficulty is low, be easily managed, suitable for pollution in wide area soil,
Growth is rapid, biomass is big.Further, to increase remediation efficiency, microbial modulator and environment-friendly fertilizer is used in combination, makes
Obtain the growth ability increase growth cycle extension simultaneously of fiddlehead；Avoid changing during heavy-metal contaminated soil repairing and treating simultaneously
With the situation for destroying soil texture.
Brief description of the drawings
In order to make the purpose , technical scheme and advantage of the present invention be clearer, below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention is entered
Row is further described.
Fig. 1：For after harvesting to the photo of sample treatment, continuous mode.
Embodiment
In order to make the purpose , technical scheme and advantage of the present invention be clearer, with reference to embodiments, to the present invention
It is further elaborated.
Embodiment 1
Longnan of Gansu Province Minxian County heavy-metal contaminated soil (Cr content 103.2mg/kg), in spring, utilizes wild pteridophyte
Or artificial growth fiddlehead so that wild plant density reaches line-spacing 35-45cm, spacing in the rows 25-35cm, and 50 meters are that a gradient divides
Sample area.Set 4 processing altogether, respectively treatment group 1 does not spray brassinosteroid and do not add thin fertile treatment group, treatment group 2
Brassinosteroid does not add thin fertile treatment group, treatment group 3 does not spray brassinosteroid and additional thin fertile treatment group, processing for sprinkling
The sprinkling brassinosteroid of group 4 and additional thin fertile treatment group.Between plantation starts 3 years annual months summer 6-8, total cultivated area is chosen
50% scope only gathers in aerial part 3 times, while chooses the total scope of cultivated area 20%, 20%, 10% harvesting ground respectively three times
Upper and under ground portion 3 times, i.e., gathered in three times between the annual summer 6-8 months, choose the total scope of cultivated area 20% harvesting ground for the first time
Upper and under ground portion, choosing the total scope of cultivated area 20% harvesting for the second time, part, third time choose total plantation above and below the ground
The scope of area 10% gathers in part above and below the ground；50% cultivated area that the previous year has been gathered in part above and below the ground is reseeded
Fresh fiddlehead, Second Year continue repeat step harvesting operation.
Enough plant samples are taken in each sample area respectively, plant is complete, above and below ground is to be separated；Near root system
Soil is representative；Mixed soil sample sets up an office collection.Harvested plant sample processing method is：The plant sample adopted back makes
Rinsed with deionized water, finished 30 minutes under 105 degree repeatedly, then Sample storage is dried in 80 degree of baking ovens it is constant,
Using stainless steel pulverizer pulverization process, sieving and preserve.Digested with nitric acid-perchloric acid method, ICP-MS is measured.After harvesting
Pedotheque processing method be：The sample natural air drying of collection, crushing, sieving, chloroazotic acid-perchloric acid method's digestion, ICP-MS enter
Row measure.
The aerial part of herborization, the content of beary metal of under ground portion heavy metal in soil corresponding with its contain respectively
Amount, fiddlehead heavy metal transhipment coefficient and absorption coefficient are calculated, thus carry out the overall merit of fiddlehead rehabilitating soil ability.Its
In,
Transport coefficient=plant shoot heavy metal concentration/below portion respective element concentration
Respective element concentration in absorption coefficient=plant absorption heavy metal concentration/soil.
Table 1, aerial part in each treatment group, content of beary metal heavy metal in soil corresponding with its of under ground portion contain
Amount
| mg/kg | Treatment group 1 | Treatment group 2 | Treatment group 3 | Treatment group 4 |
| Overground part plant | 3.5 | 5.5 | 5.2 | 8.2 |
| Underground part plant | 2.4 | 3.5 | 4.5 | 4.3 |
| Soil near root system | 97.4 | 92.2 | 93.2 | 89.7 |
Table 2, fiddlehead heavy metal transhipment coefficient and absorption coefficient in each treatment group
| Treatment group 1 | Treatment group 2 | Treatment group 3 | Treatment group 4 | |
| Transport coefficient | 1.458 | 1.571 | 1.156 | 1.907 |
| Absorption coefficient | 0.061 | 0.098 | 0.104 | 0.139 |
From table 1, the data analysis of table 2, treatment group 1 does not spray brassinosteroid and does not add thin fertile treatment group, processing
The sprinkling of group 2 brassinosteroid does not add thin fertile treatment group, treatment group 3 does not spray brassinosteroid and additional thin fertile treatment group,
Treatment group 4 sprays brassinosteroid and adds thin fertile treatment group, Cr in soil near overground part plant, underground part plant, root system
The content of element is significantly different, and transports that coefficient, absorption coefficient are significantly different, wherein the overground part plant for the treatment of group 4, underground
The content of Cr elements is minimum in soil near the content highest of Cr elements, root system in portion plant, and transports coefficient, absorption coefficient
It is higher, spill brassinosteroid and additional thin fertilizer processing can not only improve transhipment coefficient absorption coefficient highest simultaneously, illustrate at this
Reason group acts on best in the soil for repairing Cr metallic pollutions.
Embodiment 2
Longnan of Gansu Province Wudu heavy-metal contaminated soil (Cr content 80.5mg/kg), in spring, using wild pteridophyte or
Artificial growth fiddlehead so that wild plant density reaches line-spacing 35-45cm, spacing in the rows 25-35cm, and 50 meters are that a gradient division is adopted
Sample region.Set 4 processing altogether, respectively treatment group 1 does not spray that brassinosteroid does not add thin fertile treatment group, treatment group 2 is sprayed
Spill that brassinosteroid does not add thin fertile treatment group, treatment group 3 does not spray brassinosteroid and additional thin fertile treatment group, treatment group
4 sprinkling brassinosteroids and additional thin fertile treatment group.Between plantation starts 3 years annual months summer 6-8, total cultivated area is chosen
50% scope only gathers in aerial part 3 times, choose respectively three times the harvesting of the total scope of cultivated area 20%, 20%, 10% on the ground and
Under ground portion, i.e., gathered in three times between the annual summer 6-8 months, choose the total scope of cultivated area 20% harvesting for the first time above and below the ground
Partly, choose for the second time the harvesting of the total scope of cultivated area 20% above and below the ground part, choose total cultivated area 10% for the third time
Scope gathers in part above and below the ground；50% cultivated area that the previous year has been gathered in part above and below the ground reseeds fresh fern
Dish, Second Year continue repeat step harvesting operation.
Enough plant samples are taken in each sample area respectively, plant is complete, above and below ground is to be separated；Near root system
Soil is representative；Mixed soil sample sets up an office collection.Harvested plant sample processing method is：The plant sample adopted back makes
Rinsed with deionized water, finished 30 minutes under 105 degree repeatedly, then Sample storage is dried in 80 degree of baking ovens it is constant,
Using stainless steel pulverizer pulverization process, sieving and preserve.Digested with nitric acid-perchloric acid method, ICP-MS is measured.After harvesting
Pedotheque processing method be：The sample natural air drying of collection, crushing, sieving, chloroazotic acid-perchloric acid method's digestion, ICP-MS enter
Row measure.
The aerial part of herborization, the content of beary metal of under ground portion heavy metal in soil corresponding with its contain respectively
Amount, fiddlehead heavy metal transhipment coefficient and absorption coefficient are calculated, thus carry out the overall merit of fiddlehead rehabilitating soil ability.Its
In,
Transport coefficient=plant shoot heavy metal concentration/below portion respective element concentration
Respective element concentration in absorption coefficient=plant absorption heavy metal concentration/soil.
Table 3, aerial part in each treatment group, content of beary metal heavy metal in soil corresponding with its of under ground portion contain
Amount
Table 4, fiddlehead heavy metal transhipment coefficient and absorption coefficient in each treatment group
| Treatment group 1 | Treatment group 2 | Treatment group 3 | Treatment group 4 | |
| Transport coefficient | 2.500 | 3.667 | 1.680 | 4.313 |
| Absorption coefficient | 0.062 | 0.092 | 0.088 | 0.120 |
From table 3, the data analysis of table 4, treatment group 1 does not spray brassinosteroid and does not add thin fertile treatment group, processing
The sprinkling of group 2 brassinosteroid does not add thin fertile treatment group, treatment group 3 does not spray brassinosteroid and additional thin fertile treatment group,
Treatment group 4 sprays brassinosteroid and adds thin fertile treatment group, Cr in soil near overground part plant, underground part plant, root system
The content of element is significantly different, and transports that coefficient, absorption coefficient are significantly different, wherein the overground part plant for the treatment of group 4, underground
The content of Cr elements is minimum in soil near the content highest of Cr elements, root system in portion plant, and transports coefficient, absorption coefficient
It is higher, it is best to illustrate that the treatment group acts in the soil for repairing Cr metallic pollutions.
Embodiment 3
Longnan of Gansu Province tailing Kuku tail, tailing dam water inlet plantation fiddlehead, in spring, using wild pteridophyte or
Artificial growth fiddlehead, harvested plant sample processing method is：The plant sample adopted back is rinsed repeatedly using deionized water,
Finished 30 minutes under 105 degree, be then dried to Sample storage in 80 degree of baking ovens constant, crushed using stainless steel pulverizer
Handle, sieve and preserve.Digested with nitric acid-perchloric acid method, ICP-MS is measured.
Table 5, the Longnan of Gansu Province tailing Kuku tail plantation aerial part of fiddlehead, under ground portion content of beary metal and its is right
Content and heavy metal the transhipment coefficient and absorption coefficient for the heavy metal in soil answered
| mg/kg | Treatment group 4 |
| Overground part plant | 775 |
| Underground part plant | 710 |
| Soil near root system | 94 |
| Transport coefficient | 1.09 |
| Absorption coefficient | 0.158 |
Table 6, Longnan of Gansu Province tailing dam water inlet plantation fiddlehead heavy metal transhipment coefficient and absorption coefficient
| Treatment group 4 | |
| Plant | 508 |
| Soil near root system | 97.3 |
| Absorption coefficient | 0.0522 |
It is real in Longnan of Gansu Province tailing Kuku tail, tailing dam water inlet plantation fiddlehead from table 5, the data analysis of table 6
After border harvesting situation processing, the content of Cr elements is high in overground part plant, underground part plant, Cr elements in soil near root system
Content is low, and transports that coefficient, absorption coefficient are higher, illustrates the processing that heavy metal pollution is carried out using fiddlehead of the present invention, repairing
Made good use of in the soil of multiple Cr metallic pollutions.
Obviously, the specific species used in above-described embodiment is only intended to clearly illustrate example, and is not pair
The restriction of embodiment.For those of ordinary skill in the field, it can also be made on the basis of the above description
Its various forms of changes or variation.There is no necessity and possibility to exhaust all the enbodiments.And thus extend out
Obvious changes or variations still in the protection domain of the invention among.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of wild plant restorative procedure of heavy-metal contaminated soil, comprises the following steps：
Step A：Site preparation：The serious soil of Cr metallic pollutions is selected, utilizes wild pteridophyte or artificial growth fiddlehead so that wild plant
Thing density reaches line-spacing 35-45cm, spacing in the rows 25-35cm；
Step B：Management：The plant time of infertility sprays brassinosteroid once without irrigating and applying fertilizer, in leaf stretching period oil；
Step C：Harvesting：Between plantation starts 3 years annual months summer 6-8, choose total scope of cultivated area 50% and only gather in overground part
Divide 3 times, while choose the total scope of cultivated area 20%, 20%, 10% harvesting part 3 times above and below the ground respectively three times；
Step D：Supplement site preparation：50% cultivated area that the previous year has been gathered in part above and below the ground reseeds fresh fiddlehead, the
Continue repeat step B, step C within 2 years；
Step E：Post processing：The aerial part gathered in every time is ashed according to a conventional method, extracts heavy metal, continues planting process extremely
Heavy metal in soil Cr tenors reach environmental safety standard.
2. wild plant restorative procedure according to claim 1, the brassinosteroid sprays the phase preferably annual phase 4-5 months
Between, spray concentration 0.30mg/L, annual sprinkling is once.
3. according to the wild plant restorative procedure described in claim any one of 1-2, the harvesting aerial part refer to harvesting into
It is ripe or grow higher fiddlehead, do not include new germination plant.
4. according to the wild plant restorative procedure described in claim any one of 1-3, fiddlehead, which grows every 3 years, to carry out adding thin fertilizer,
Fertilizer type is preferably：Humic acid fertilizers.
5. according to the wild plant restorative procedure described in claim any one of 1-4, content of humic acid is more than 20%, available nitrogen
More than 2.0%.
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Family
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN108393345A (en) * | 2018-03-09 | 2018-08-14 | 江苏索尔雷米环保科技有限公司 | A kind of integrated restorative procedure being used for contaminated soil and underground water |
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Application publication date: 20180209 |