CN107647273B - 一种具有发酵稳定性的苞谷酸辣椒制备方法 - Google Patents
一种具有发酵稳定性的苞谷酸辣椒制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN107647273B CN107647273B CN201710924123.8A CN201710924123A CN107647273B CN 107647273 B CN107647273 B CN 107647273B CN 201710924123 A CN201710924123 A CN 201710924123A CN 107647273 B CN107647273 B CN 107647273B
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种具有发酵稳定性的苞谷酸辣椒制备方法,属于乳酸菌发酵食品加工领域,所述苞谷酸辣椒的制备方法包括:辣椒用柠檬酸钠溶液浸泡干燥、粉碎处理;制备玉米粉,大米熟化,将红曲霉经过活化后接种至熟大米上,培养制备红曲霉曲,然后将玉米粉、新鲜辣椒粉、红曲霉曲和乳酸菌种子液,厌氧发酵。本发明制备的苞谷酸辣椒与传统手工方法相比,保留了传统苞谷酸主体风味,降低了甲醇、异丁酸等含量,提高了乙酸乙酯、乳酸乙酯、总酯等风味物质含量,解决了传统手工方法发酵过程中品控难,发酵不稳定,良品率不高等问题,同时解决了新鲜辣椒季节性强,难以贮藏,制约苞谷酸辣椒周年化生产的问题,适合工业化大规模周年化生产苞谷酸辣椒,有利于苞谷酸辣椒这一湘西特产走向全国市场。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于乳酸菌发酵食品加工领域,具体涉及一种具有发酵稳定性的苞谷酸辣椒制备方法。
背景技术
玉米是人类三大主食资源之一,是大宗谷物中最适合作为工业原料的品种,其加工空间大,产业链长,具备多次加工增值的潜力,加工品种多样,被誉为“软黄金”。玉米营养丰富,除含蛋白质(10%左右)、淀粉(70%~75%) 和脂肪(4%~5%)外,还含有丰富的钙、磷、铁、钾、硅、镁和硒等人体必须微量元素,以及VB1、VB2、VB6、核黄素、硫胺素、尼克酸、泛酸和生物素等维生素。玉米营养价值比小麦、大米丰富,但口感粗糙,一直认为是“粗粮”,使玉米没有发挥其应有价值。从国内玉米市场供需情况来看,现玉米多为原粮或粗加工商品交易流通在市场上,呈现出市场上玉米供过于求状况,仓储爆满,价格下滑,售粮难,已经影响农民收入,影响农民种粮积极性,因此,采用合适的方式进行解决玉米深加工、解决玉米消费转化、提高产品附加值、增加农民收入的问题已成为我国当前精准扶贫的一个重要问题。
苞谷是玉米的方言,流传在河南省东南地带。陕西南部地区也称玉米为苞谷。湖南、云南、贵州、四川一带也大量种植,也称为“苞谷”。在山里的土家人口中,玉米不叫“玉米”,叫“苞谷”;土豆不叫“土豆”,叫“洋芋”;小麦不叫“小麦”,叫“麦子”。这是土家人、苗人的三大主粮,苞谷排在首位,地位自是不同寻常。民以食为天,苞谷是土家人、苗人的命根子。
苞谷酸是南方地区特别是武陵山区深受欢迎的民族特色发酵食品,它主要以玉米和辣椒为原料,通过乳酸菌、酵母等厌氧发酵,再经炒制(汤制)等加工而成,有着悠久的历史,其色泽亮丽、风味独特;发酵质量的好坏直接影响苞谷酸质量。由于原料、地理环境和加工工艺的不同,不同区域的苞谷酸产品呈现出独特的风味和口感,苞谷酸发酵过程中存在着复杂的微生物群落。它们能够产各种酶类,降解大分子物质,促进苞谷酸风味物质的代谢合成,包括游离氨基酸、有机酸、酯类等,赋予了苞谷酸丰富的营养成分和独特的风味特征。
苞谷酸辣子作为一种传统特色食品传统,是将苞谷打成面,和剁碎的红辣椒拌好,舂成坨后放到坛子里腌起来,吃的时候把腌好的苞谷酸辣坨坨从坛子里取出,用茶油或菜油炒熟(或汤制)后酸辣爽口。做法包括下述步骤:1)备料:玉米洗净干燥粉碎,新鲜红辣椒清洗、去蒂、晾干、粉碎;2)拌料:玉米粉和辣椒以一定比例混匀;3)自然发酵:将混匀料入坛密封自然发酵2-3个月;4)烹制:将发酵好的苞谷酸辣子置于炒锅(或汤锅)中,加入一定量的植物油及配料炒制(煮)10分钟左右。
传统苞谷酸制备多采用传统手工作坊式工艺生产,生产标准化水平差、劳动强度大、规模小、发酵周期长、质量不稳定、装备自动化程度低、受环境温度、湿度、杂菌等因素影响,良品率较低,难以周年化大规模生产,其保质期无法满足现代化包装食品的要求,且存在质量安全隐患等,严重制约其产业化。因此,申请人研究了包谷酸辣椒的传统工艺,结合现代微生物发酵技术,旨在寻找一种具有发酵稳定性的苞谷酸辣椒制备方法。
发明内容
为了解决传统苞谷酸辣椒因原料季节性强、贮藏难、受环境因素影响大等导致其产品在制备过程中具有不稳定性、品质不高、难以周年化生产等缺陷,导致苞谷酸辣椒无法大规模工厂化生产的问题,本发明提供了一种具有发酵稳定性的苞谷酸辣椒制备方法,本发明采用干辣椒为原料,不经过高温灭菌,能够保留传统苞谷酸辣椒的风味,但使产品更稳定。通过接种红曲霉及从自然发酵的苞谷酸辣椒中分离出来的Lactobacillus spicheriIZ,抑制了杂菌污染的现象,使得整个发酵体系更加的稳定。
本发明提高工厂化苞谷酸辣椒制备稳定性的方法的具体包括如下步骤:
a)将新鲜辣椒清洗完成后用0.01%~0.2%(m/V)的柠檬酸钠溶液浸泡20~80min,浸泡后干燥至辣椒中的水分含量低于10%,粉碎并过2~6mm孔径筛网,得到新鲜辣椒粉;
b)将玉米洗净,在45~50℃的条件下干燥4~6h;剥出玉米粒,粉碎,并过10~20目筛,再过40~60目筛,得到玉米粉;
c)将红曲霉接种至玉米粉培养液中,并置于摇床培养箱中活化,得到红曲霉种子液;
d)将红曲霉种子液接种至熟大米上,在26±3℃的条件下培养4~5天,培养结束得到红曲霉曲;
e)将CGTCC编号为M 2017450的Lactobacillus spicheri IZ置于液态MRS培养基中活化,在37±1℃恒温静置培养20~26h,得到Lactobacillus spicheri IZ种子液;
f)混合发酵:按照混合曲发酵后的玉米粉:77~87%(m/m),红曲霉曲:2~10%(m/m),新鲜辣椒粉:5~15%(m/m),食用盐:0~4%,Lactobacillus spicheri IZ种子液:0.3~2%(m/m)的比例将原料混合均匀,再用无菌水将混合物的水分含量调节至43%~55%,置于密闭发酵容器中,控制压力0.01~0.10Mpa,在温度为25~30℃的条件下,厌氧发酵10~20d,得到苞谷酸辣椒。
进一步,步骤d)中,所述玉米粉培养液的配方为:玉米粉:10g/L,葡萄糖:15g/L,蛋白胨:15g/L, K2HPO4:5g/L,MgSO4:1g/L,余量为无菌水。
进一步,步骤c)中,摇床培养箱的培养温度26~30℃,摇床转速150~200r/min,培养时间36~60h。
进一步,步骤d)中,红曲霉种子液的添加量为5%~10%。
进一步,步骤b)中,按照10~20目的玉米粉占20~30%,40~60目的玉米粉占70~80%进行混合。
进一步,所述熟大米的制备工艺为:将大米除米糠、碎米、谷皮和杂质后,浸泡20~60h,并蒸煮25~30min,冷却,得到熟大米。
有益效果
本发明主要优点如下:
申请人通过对传统苞谷酸辣椒的制备原料和工艺进行了研究,从传统苞谷酸辣椒中分离并保藏了一株Lactobacillus spicheri IZ,该菌株在苞谷酸制备中具有极高的发酵稳定性,所述的发酵稳定性体现在两个方面,首先是自身生长及发酵稳定,从而保证了苞谷酸辣椒制备过程的稳定性,第二是抵制杂菌的能力,在苞谷酸的制备环境中,能够有效抑制杂菌,代谢风味稳定,从而提高产品稳定性。
申请人将此菌种应用至苞谷酸辣椒的工业化生产中,通过接种本发明保藏的Lactobacillus spicheri IZ后,其能够使发酵出的苞谷酸辣椒各方面指标基本一致。再辅助添加红曲霉曲,使得其发酵环境更加稳定,两个微生物处于一个平衡的制约状态,达到提高苞谷酸辣椒发酵稳定性的目的。
本发明在辣椒预处理上采用了柠檬酸钠溶液浸泡,在不改变风味的前提的下能够有效降低残留污染,进一步提高了生产过程中的发酵稳定性,同时也保留了新鲜辣椒上原有的风味。
申请人采用本发明方法制备的苞谷酸辣椒经过感官评定,其保留了采用传统人工泡菜坛制备的苞谷酸辣椒的酸度与主体风味,色泽稳定亮丽。由此可见,引入本发明保藏的乳酸菌进入苞谷酸辣椒制备工艺保留了苞谷酸辣椒应具有的口感和风味,而采用一般乳酸菌容易造成产品酸度过高或色泽、风味不稳定等问题。
本发明解决了传统手工自然发酵方法发酵过程中品控难,良品率不高,成品品质不稳定等问题,适合工业化大规模生产苞谷酸辣椒,通过自动化的固态发酵设备实现发酵过程的自动化控制及全程监控,改变传统手工作坊模式,降低劳动强度,提高产品均一性。有利于苞谷酸辣椒这一武陵山区特产走向产业化生产,走向全国市场。同时,本发明还解决了新鲜辣椒季节性强难于贮藏,难以周年化生产的问题,筛选保藏了一株适合苞谷酸辣椒发酵的Lactobacillus spicheri IZ,解决了生玉米和生辣椒自身携带各种杂菌造成杂菌污染的问题,可实现苞谷酸辣椒周年化精准发酵生产,而且保留苞谷酸辣椒的传统风味。
附图说明
图1:自然发酵次品苞谷酸辣椒气相色谱图;
图2:自然发酵良品苞谷酸辣椒气相色谱图;
图3:本发明实施例气相色谱图;
图4:有机酸标准色谱图;
图5:本发明对照组1有机酸色谱图;
图6:本发明实施例1有机酸色谱图。
具体实施方式
该菌株已于2017年8月保藏于中国典型培养物保藏中心,该菌株保藏号为:CCTCCM 2017450,拉丁名Lactobacillus spicheri IZ, 地址:湖北省武汉市武汉大学,邮编:430072,电话:027-68754052。
本发明保藏的Lactobacillus spicheri IZ菌落特征为:MRS琼脂平皿生长菌落乳白色,圆形,菌落中等大小,直径2mm±1mm,微凸起,湿润,边缘整齐,细胞形状为杆状,适宜生长温度25℃~35℃,兼性厌氧。所述Lactobacillus spicheri IZ属于细菌界Bacteria,厚壁菌门Phylum Firmicutes,芽孢杆菌纲Bacilli,乳杆菌目Lactobacillales,乳杆菌科Lactobacillaceae,乳杆菌属 Lactobacillus。
实施例1
本实施例提供了一种高稳定性的工厂化苞谷酸辣椒的制备工艺,具体步骤如下:
1)辣椒预处理:将新鲜辣椒用清水洗净,清洗完成后用0.03%(m/V)的柠檬酸钠溶液浸泡50min,浸泡后并去蒂,用40℃的鼓风干燥箱烘干36h,至辣椒中的水分含量低于13%,将干燥的辣椒用蔬菜粉碎机中粉碎,粉碎后过4mm孔径筛网,得到新鲜辣椒粉。
2)玉米预处理:将玉米用清水洗净,并在50℃的干燥箱中鼓风干燥24h,至玉米水分含量低于13%;剥出洗净后的玉米粒,用粉碎机粉碎,过10目筛,再过40目筛,其中40目玉米粉占30%,10目玉米粉占70%,混合后得到颗粒直径在≤2mm的玉米粉。
3)大米预处理:将市售大米除米糠、碎米、谷皮和杂质后,浸泡30h,并蒸煮25min,冷却,得到熟大米。
4)红曲霉曲种子液制备:将中国普通微生物菌种保藏管理中心CGMCC编号为3.2666,分离自汾酒小曲的红曲霉接种至玉米粉培养液中,其中,所述玉米粉培养液的配方为:玉米粉:10g/L,葡萄糖:15g/L,蛋白胨:15g/L, K2HPO4:5g/L,MgSO4:1g/L,余量为无菌水。红曲霉在种子液在振荡培养箱中活化,活化温度28℃,振荡培养箱转速175r/min,培养时间48h,得到红曲霉种子液。
5)红曲霉曲制备:将活化后红曲霉种子液接种至熟大米上,接种量10%,在26±3℃的条件下培养4~5天,培养结束得到红曲霉曲。
6)Lactobacillus spicheri IZ种子液制备:CGTCC编号为M 2017450的Lactobacillus spicheri IZ于液态MRS培养基中活化,37℃恒温静止培养24h,得到Lactobacillus spicheri IZ种子液。
7)混合发酵:按照混合曲发酵后的玉米粉80%(m/m),红曲霉曲4.7%,新鲜辣椒粉15%(m/m),盐0%,Lactobacillus spicheri IZ种子液0.3%(m/m)的比例将原料混合均匀,用无菌水调节水分含量至50%,置于密闭发酵容器中,控制压力0.01~0.10Mpa,温度为25~30℃的条件下,厌氧发酵15天,得到苞谷酸辣椒。
其中,所述MRS培养基按照如下配方配制:蛋白陈 10.0g,牛肉粉6.0g,酵母粉4.0g,葡萄糖 20.0g,吐温80 1.0mL,磷酸氢二钾 2.0g,乙酸钠 5.0g,柠檬酸三铵 2.0g,硫酸镁 0.2g,硫酸锰 0.05g,水1000ml。
实施例2
本实施例提供了一种高稳定性的工厂化苞谷酸辣椒的制备工艺,具体步骤如下:
1)辣椒预处理:将新鲜红辣椒用清水洗净,清洗完成后用0.01%(m/V)的柠檬酸钠溶液浸泡80min,浸泡后并去蒂,用40~45℃的鼓风干燥箱烘24~48h,至辣椒中的水分含量低于10%,将干燥的辣椒用蔬菜粉碎机中粉碎,粉碎后过2~6mm孔径筛网,得到新鲜辣椒粉。
2)玉米预处理:将玉米用清水洗净,并在45~50℃的干燥箱中鼓风干燥24~36h,至水分含量低于13%;剥出洗净后的玉米粒,用粉碎机粉碎,过10目筛,再过40目筛,其中40目玉米粉占20%,10目玉米粉占80%,混合后得到颗粒直径在≤2mm的玉米粉。
3)大米预处理:将市售大米除米糠、碎米、谷皮和杂质后,浸泡20h,并蒸煮25~30min,冷却,得到熟大米
4)红曲霉曲种子液制备:将中国普通微生物菌种保藏管理中心CGMCC编号为3.2666,分离自汾酒小曲的红曲霉接种至玉米粉培养液中,其中,所述玉米粉培养液的配方为:玉米粉:10g/L,葡萄糖:15g/L,蛋白胨:15g/L, K2HPO4:5g/L,MgSO4:1g/L,余量为无菌水。红曲霉在种子液在振荡培养箱中活化,活化温度30℃,振荡培养箱转速200r/min,培养时间60h,得到红曲霉种子液。
5)红曲霉曲制备:将活化后红曲霉种子液接种至熟大米上,接种量5%,在26±3℃的条件下培养4~5天,培养结束得到红曲霉曲。
6)Lactobacillus spicheri IZ种子液制备:CGTCC编号为M 2017450的Lactobacillus spicheri IZ于液态MRS培养基中活化,37±1℃恒温静止培养20~26h,得到Lactobacillus spicheri IZ种子液。
7)混合发酵:按照混合曲发酵后的玉米粉77%(m/m),红曲霉曲10%,新鲜辣椒粉10%(m/m),盐2%,Lactobacillus spicheri IZ种子液1%(m/m)的比例将原料混合均匀,用无菌水调节水分含量至55%,置于密闭发酵容器中,控制压力0.01~0.10Mpa,温度为25~30℃的条件下,厌氧发酵10天,得到苞谷酸辣椒。
其中,本实施例中所述MRS培养基按照如下配方配制:蛋白陈 10.0g,牛肉粉6.0g,酵母粉4.0g,葡萄糖 20.0g,吐温80 1.0mL,磷酸氢二钾 2.0g,乙酸钠 5.0g,柠檬酸三铵2.0g,硫酸镁 0.2g,硫酸锰 0.05g,水1000ml。
实施例3
本实施例提供了一种高稳定性的工厂化苞谷酸辣椒的制备工艺,具体步骤如下:
1)辣椒预处理:将新鲜红辣椒用清水洗净,清洗完成后用0.2%(m/V)的柠檬酸钠溶液浸泡20min,浸泡后并去蒂,用40~45℃的鼓风干燥箱烘24~48h,至辣椒中的水分含量低于10%,将干燥的辣椒用蔬菜粉碎机中粉碎,粉碎后过2~6mm孔径筛网,得到新鲜辣椒粉。
2)玉米预处理:将玉米用清水洗净,并在45~50℃的干燥箱中鼓风干燥24~36h,至水分含量低于15%;剥出洗净后的玉米粒,用粉碎机粉碎,过10目筛,再过40目筛,其中40目玉米粉占20%,10目玉米粉占80%,混合后得到颗粒直径在≤2mm的玉米粉。
3)大米预处理:将市售大米除米糠、碎米、谷皮和杂质后,浸泡60h,并蒸煮25~30min,冷却,得到熟大米
4)红曲霉曲种子液制备:将中国普通微生物菌种保藏管理中心CGMCC编号为3.2666,分离自汾酒小曲的红曲霉接种至玉米粉培养液中,其中,所述玉米粉培养液的配方为:玉米粉:10g/L,葡萄糖:15g/L,蛋白胨:15g/L, K2HPO4:5g/L,MgSO4:1g/L,余量为无菌水。红曲霉在种子液在振荡培养箱中活化,活化温度26℃,振荡培养箱转速150r/min,培养时间36h,得到红曲霉种子液。
5)红曲霉曲制备:将活化后红曲霉种子液接种至熟大米上,接种量80%,在26±3℃的条件下培养4~5天,培养结束得到红曲霉曲。
6)Lactobacillus spicheri IZ种子液制备:CGTCC编号为M 2017450的Lactobacillus spicheri IZ于液态MRS培养基中活化,37±1℃恒温静止培养20~26h,得到Lactobacillus spicheri IZ种子液。
7)混合发酵:按照混合曲发酵后的玉米粉87%(m/m),红曲霉曲2%,新鲜辣椒粉5%(m/m),盐4%,Lactobacillus spicheri IZ种子液2%(m/m)的比例将原料混合均匀,再用无菌水调节水分含量至43%,置于密闭发酵容器中,控制压力0.01~0.10Mpa,温度为25~30℃的条件下,厌氧发酵20天,得到苞谷酸辣椒。
其中,所述MRS培养基按照如下配方配制:蛋白陈 10.0g,牛肉粉6.0g,酵母粉4.0g,葡萄糖 20.0g,吐温80 1.0mL,磷酸氢二钾 2.0g,乙酸钠 5.0g,柠檬酸三铵 2.0g,硫酸镁 0.2g,硫酸锰 0.05g,水1000ml。
申请人通过色泽、气味、口感等感官评价对自然发酵的苞谷酸对其进行分类,并对其理化指标进行分析见表1,其中良品苞谷酸乙酸乙酯、乳酸乙酯及总酯含量明显高于其它组,而异丁酸含量显著低于次品苞谷酸,峰型见图1,图2,由此,总酯、异丁酸含量等对苞谷酸品质有重要影响。
检测方法:
样品前处理:准确称取25.000g样品于100ml烧杯中,加入80℃煮沸过的蒸馏水将烧杯中的内容物转移至匀浆机中匀浆2min,再将匀浆的样品全部转移至250ml容量瓶中,75℃水浴中处理40min(摇动3次),冷却,用煮沸过的凉蒸馏水定容至250ml,快速滤纸过滤,备用。
总酸:参照GBT 12456-2008 食品中总酸的测定;
亚硝酸盐:参照GB 500933-2010食品中亚硝酸盐与硝酸盐的测定;
蛋白质:参照GB 5009.5-2016食品中蛋白质的测定;
氨基酸:参照GB/T 5009.124-2003 食品中氨基酸的测定;
甲醇:参照GB 5009.266-2016食品中甲醇的测定;
总酯:参照GB/T10345-2007测定;
乙酸乙酯、乳酸乙酯、异丁酸:取过滤液100ml,加入100ml色谱纯乙醇,混匀,0.25um滤膜过滤,参照GB/T10345-2007测定;
有机酸:取前处理的滤液稀释适当倍数,0.45um滤膜过滤,液相色谱法测定,色谱仪为Dionex Ultimate 3000,ThermoHypersil BDS C18 柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm),VWD-3400 紫外检测器,波长:210 nm,柱温:25 ℃,流速:0.6 mL/min,流动相:V(甲醇)︰V(0.01mol/L 磷酸二氢钾缓冲液,pH 2.7) =3:97;进样量:20μL。
致病菌:参照GB29921-2013食品中致病菌限量;
黄曲霉毒素:参照GB 5009.22-2016食品中黄曲霉毒素B族和G族的测定。
表1 传统自然发酵制备的良品、一般、较差苞谷酸辣椒的各项理化指标表
不同发酵方式制备的苞谷酸辣椒的各项理化指标见表2,其中实施例组为采用实施例2的方法制备出的苞谷酸辣椒;对照组2为采用传统自然发酵法得到的苞谷酸辣椒,对照组2为采用实施例1的方法,但未添加红曲制备出的苞谷酸辣椒。
表2实施例及传统自然发酵制备的苞谷酸辣椒的各项理化指标表
由上表可以看出,本发明实施例方法制备的苞谷酸辣椒的酯类较对照组有显著提高,而且亚硝酸盐、甲醇等有害成分较对照组有显著的下降,其风味物质种类多,而且风味较好。
表3良品苞谷酸及次品辣椒指标
申请人选取20个不知道苞谷酸辣椒制备方法的评定者,让他们评定传统方法和本发明方法制备的苞谷酸辣椒,并进行打分。
申请人按照上述表格的任意两项指标判断发酵完成后是否在发酵过程中产生次品,对不同方法制备得到的苞谷酸辣椒的次品发生率进行统计。
实施例组和对照组的发酵环境温度均为25~30℃,采用本实施例法制备的苞谷酸辣椒的次品率发生概率是0%,即未出现次品苞谷酸辣椒的现象,而对照组1发生次品的比例是31.62%;对照组2发生次品的比例是7.34%,采用普通植物乳杆菌发酵的苞谷酸辣椒发生次品的比例是18.16%,由此可见,本实施例通过加入红曲和CGTCC编号为M2017450Lactobacillus spicheri IZ的共同作用显著降低了苞谷酸辣椒在发酵过程中发生次品的概率。
申请人选择了7个正常自然发酵的苞谷酸辣椒,对其指标进行了检测,结果如下:
表4对照组1各项检测指标表
申请人选择了7个采用本发明实施例的方法,采用保藏菌株,但不添加红曲霉曲制备的苞谷酸辣椒,对其指标进行了检测,结果如下:
表5对照组2各项检测指标表
申请人选择了7个采用本发明实施例的方法,采用保藏菌株,同时添加红曲霉曲制备的苞谷酸辣椒,对其指标经行了检测,结果如下:
表6实施例1组各项检测指标表
由表6可以看出,加入红曲霉曲和本发明保藏的菌株后,其苞谷酸辣椒各组的稳定性有显著提升,降低了产品甲醇、异丁酸等含量,增加了乳酸乙酯、乙酸乙酯、总酯等风味及游离氨基酸含量,提高了产品品质;由此可见,采用此方法能显著增强苞谷酸辣椒的产品稳定性,同时缩短了发酵周期,提高产品品质。
表7对照组1和实施例1组的有机酸含量对照表(%,w/w)
草酸 | 甲酸 | 乳酸 | 乙酸 | 柠檬酸 | 琥珀酸 | |
对照 | 0.4516 | 0.4102 | 1.8797 | 1.1603 | 1.2497 | 1.3029 |
实施例 | 0.4253 | 0.3981 | 1.9279 | 1.0729 | 1.2821 | 1.1097 |
由表7及色谱图可以看出自然发酵和强化菌发酵的玉米酸酸类物质中有机酸都有乳酸、乙酸、柠檬酸、琥珀酸酸、甲酸等,实施例与对照组主要有机酸相似,不影响主体风味。
Claims (6)
1.一种高稳定性的工厂化苞谷酸辣椒的制备工艺,其特征在于:所述高稳定性的工厂化苞谷酸辣椒的制备工艺具体包括如下步骤:
a)将新鲜辣椒 清洗完成后用质量体积比0.01%~0.2%的柠檬酸钠溶液浸泡20~80 min,浸泡后干燥至辣椒中的水分含量低于10%,粉碎并过2~6mm孔径筛网,得到新鲜辣椒粉;
b)将玉米洗净,在45~50℃的条件下干燥处理;剥出玉米粒,粉碎,并过10~20目筛,再过40~60目筛,得到玉米粉;
c)将红曲霉接种至玉米粉培养液中,并置于摇床培养箱中活化,得到红曲霉种子液;
d)将红曲霉种子液接种至熟大米上,在26±3℃的条件下培养4~5天,培养结束得到红曲霉曲;
e)将CGTCC编号为M 2017450的乳杆菌(Lactobacillus spicheri) IZ置于液态MRS培养基中活化,在37±1℃恒温静置培养20~26 h,得到乳杆菌(Lactobacillus spicheri)IZ种子液;
f)混合发酵:以质量百分比计,按照混合曲发酵后的玉米粉:77~87%,红曲霉曲:2~10%,新鲜辣椒粉:5~15%,食用盐:0~4%,乳杆菌(Lactobacillus spicheri)IZ种子液:0.3~2%的比例将原料混合均匀,再用无菌水将混合物的水分含量调节至43~55%,置于密闭发酵容器中,控制压力0.01~0.10Mpa,在温度为25~30℃的条件下,厌氧发酵10~20d,得到苞谷酸辣椒。
2.根据权利要求1所述的高稳定性的工厂化苞谷酸辣椒的制备工艺,其特征在于:所述步骤c)中,所述玉米粉培养液的配方为:玉米粉:10g/L,葡萄糖:15g/L,蛋白胨:15g/L,K2HPO4:5g/L,MgSO4:1g/L,余量为无菌水。
3.根据权利要求1所述的高稳定性的工厂化苞谷酸辣椒的制备工艺,其特征在于:所述步骤c)中,摇床培养箱的培养温度26~30℃,摇床转速150~200r/min,培养时间36~60h。
4.根据权利要求1所述的高稳定性的工厂化苞谷酸辣椒的制备工艺,其特征在于:所述步骤d)中,红曲霉种子液的添加量为5%~10%。
5.根据权利要求1所述的高稳定性的工厂化苞谷酸辣椒的制备工艺,其特征在于:所述步骤b)中,按照10~20目的玉米粉占20%~30%,40~60目的玉米粉占70%~80%进行混合。
6.根据权利要求1所述的高稳定性的工厂化苞谷酸辣椒的制备工艺,其特征在于:所述熟大米的制备工艺为:将大米除米糠、碎米、谷皮和杂质后,浸泡20~60h,并蒸煮25~30min,冷却,得到熟大米。
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