CN107637441B - Cultivation method of regenerated aromatic tobacco - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a cultivation method of regenerated aromatic tobacco, which comprises the following steps: 1) cutting off the top and retaining the stem; 2) b, fertilizer supplement is carried out; 3) bud picking and branch remaining; 4) reasonable irrigation; 5) promoting the maturation; 6) and (6) harvesting for multiple times. The cultivation method is scientific and reasonable, not only is the cultivation of the regenerated aromatic tobacco effectively realized, but also the yield level of the regenerated aromatic tobacco can reach 95-110 kg/mu and reach 70% -80% of the yield of the aromatic tobacco in the positive season; the value of the regenerated aromatic tobacco can reach 65-75% of the value of the aromatic tobacco in the normal season. According to the soil fertility condition of planting the aromatic tobacco, the fertilizer is reasonably supplemented, so that the growth of the regenerated tobacco is effectively promoted, the residual fertilizer efficiency of the original aromatic tobacco is effectively utilized, the cost is reduced, and the economic benefit is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of tobacco cultivation, and particularly relates to a cultivation method of regenerated aromatic tobacco.
Background
The aromatic tobacco is a sun-cured tobacco with small leaf shape and unique fragrance style. It is a variation of nicotiana tabacum in botanicals. It is known by western people as oriental tobacco (oriental tobacao) because it grows and plants mainly in the middle east. The aromatic tobacco leaf has special fragrance, mellow taste, easy combustion and strong filling power, and is an important raw material of blended cigarettes and some tobacco products. Thus, while the proportion of aromatic tobacco among the 3 major types of tobacco (flue-cured, burley and aromatic) is minimal, it is also highly appreciated by the world tobacco industry.
However, in the world today, due to the large price fluctuation of aromatic tobacco, a large number of tobacco growers quit the aromatic tobacco planting industry, so that the production amount of aromatic tobacco is affected. And because tobacco planting is not a simple work, and the amount of labor of tobacco growers can be reduced by using automatic equipment, on one hand, the cost of the used machine is high, the tobacco growers are difficult to bear, on the other hand, the tobacco growers tend to age and are difficult to learn new technologies, so that the automatic equipment cannot be popularized, the planting work is heavy, fewer people for planting aromatic tobacco are needed, and the yield is insufficient. Chinese aromatic tobacco is entering the international market, and the demand of the international market for Chinese aromatic tobacco is gradually increasing. The annual export amount of the Yunnan aromatic tobacco accounts for 50-60% of the purchasing amount of the Yunnan aromatic tobacco.
The Yunnan aromatic tobacco is generally planted in winter and is generally collected before No. 4 and No. 10. Due to climate reasons, Yunnan aromatic tobacco is easy to suffer from hail disasters and freezing damage; after the tobacco leaves suffer from hail disasters, the tobacco leaves of the aromatic tobacco are broken by the hail, and the tobacco leaves are possibly produced in an outmost mode; or the aromatic tobacco suffers continuous low temperature in the early growth stage, and the upper tobacco leaves and growing points are frozen and necrotic and are difficult to continue to grow normally; in order to protect the benefits of tobacco companies and tobacco growers, the production of the regenerated aromatic tobacco can recover equivalent tobacco yield and economic value. However, in recent years, the research on tobacco is more focused on the production of flue-cured tobacco, and the research on aromatic tobacco is relatively less; according to the results of literature search, the research on the regenerated cigarette of the aromatic tobacco is blank. The special cultivation mode of the regenerated aromatic tobacco affects the synthesis and metabolism of various organic compounds in tobacco plants, and finally affects the yield, the formation of aromatic substances and the flavor quality of tobacco leaves. Compared with the normal season aromatic tobacco, the regenerated aromatic tobacco has more side branches and small leaves, but because the growth period is prolonged later, the field moisture condition in the middle and later growth periods is good, the air temperature is high, the photosynthetic rate of the leaves is higher, if the growth and development of the tobacco are not controlled, the yield of the tobacco is higher, and the quality of the tobacco is difficult to meet the raw material quality requirement of industrial enterprises. In view of the above, there is a need to develop a cultivation method for regenerating aromatic tobacco.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a cultivation method of regenerated aromatic tobacco.
The object of the invention is achieved by the following steps:
1) cutting off the top and retaining the stem: after the aromatic tobacco leaves are harvested, cutting the upper end of the main stem of the aromatic tobacco plant by using a cutter, keeping the main stem with the end of 30-35cm to continue growing, and disinfecting the cutter every time 45-55 tobacco plants are treated;
2) fertilizer supplement: 1-2 days after the top cutting, 3-5kg of nitrogen potassium fertilizer is mixed with water for watering and applying per mu; 10-12 days after the top cutting, 10-12kg of compound fertilizer and 4-5kg of potassium sulfate fertilizer are mixed with water for pouring per mu;
3) bud picking and branch remaining: 7-10 days after the cutting, 6-8 lateral buds grow on the main stem of the regenerated aromatic tobacco, redundant lateral buds are removed, 1-2 lateral buds at the uppermost part of the stem are remained, and the lateral buds grow into lateral branches;
4) reasonable irrigation: furrow irrigation is carried out on the tobacco field once 6-8 days after the top cutting; furrow irrigation is carried out on the tobacco field once again 25-30 days after the top cutting;
5) and (3) maturation promotion: spraying 0.03% gibberellic acid solution on the regenerated aromatic tobacco side branches 25-35 days after the top cutting when the maximum tobacco leaves on the regenerated aromatic tobacco side branches grow to 10cm long; after 35-45 days of top cutting, the regenerated aromatic tobacco leaves enter a mature period, and if the tobacco leaves are dark green and not mature well, monopotassium phosphate can be applied to promote the maturation;
6) and (4) harvesting for multiple times: after 40 days of top cutting, the tobacco gradually matures from bottom to top, and the mature harvest standard is as follows: lower lobe: increasing the stem leaf angle to 48-52 degrees, changing the leaf color from dark green to light green, and harvesting; middle leaf: increasing the stem leaf angle to 44-46 ℃, whitening tobacco stems, and harvesting when the leaf color is green yellow; upper leaf: harvesting when the leaf color is yellow green; cutting and collecting leaves at the top of the lateral branches: the number of the leaves is less than 6, and the leaves are harvested after the central blossom is declined.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the cultivation method is scientific and reasonable, not only is the cultivation of the regenerated aromatic tobacco effectively realized, but also the yield level of the regenerated aromatic tobacco can reach 95-110 kg/mu and reach 70% -80% of the yield of the aromatic tobacco in the positive season; the value of the regenerated aromatic tobacco can reach 65-75% of the value of the aromatic tobacco in the normal season.
2. According to the soil fertility condition of planting the aromatic tobacco, the fertilizer is reasonably supplemented, so that the growth of the regenerated tobacco is effectively promoted, the residual fertilizer efficiency of the original aromatic tobacco is effectively utilized, the cost is reduced, and the economic benefit is improved.
3. According to the invention, by effectively sterilizing the cutter, the disease transmission is avoided, the lateral bud growth is promoted by reasonable irrigation, and the opening of the tobacco leaves is promoted by spraying gibberellin solution on the lateral branches, so that the obtained regenerated aromatic tobacco has high yield and good quality.
4. The method is suitable for regeneration cultivation of the aromatic tobacco, is particularly suitable for receiving the aromatic tobacco produced by hail or imminent freezing disaster, can improve the yield of the existing aromatic tobacco, has simple technology and easy popularization, and effectively improves the economic benefit of aromatic tobacco planting.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by the following examples, which are not intended to be limiting in any way, and any modifications or alterations based on the teachings of the present invention are intended to fall within the scope of the present invention.
The cultivation method of the regenerated aromatic tobacco comprises the following steps:
1) cutting off the top and retaining the stem: after the aromatic tobacco leaves are harvested, cutting the upper end of the main stem of the aromatic tobacco plant by using a cutter, keeping the main stem with the end of 30-35cm to continue growing, and disinfecting the cutter every time 45-55 tobacco plants are treated;
2) fertilizer supplement: 1-2 days after the top cutting, 3-5kg of nitrogen potassium fertilizer is mixed with water for watering and applying per mu; 10-12 days after the top cutting, 10-12kg of compound fertilizer and 4-5kg of potassium sulfate fertilizer are mixed with water for pouring per mu;
3) bud picking and branch remaining: 7-10 days after the cutting, 6-8 lateral buds grow on the main stem of the regenerated aromatic tobacco, redundant lateral buds are removed, 1-2 lateral buds at the uppermost part of the stem are remained, and the lateral buds grow into lateral branches;
4) reasonable irrigation: furrow irrigation is carried out on the tobacco field once 6-8 days after the top cutting; furrow irrigation is carried out on the tobacco field once again 25-30 days after the top cutting;
5) and (3) maturation promotion: spraying 0.03% gibberellic acid solution on the regenerated aromatic tobacco side branches 25-35 days after the top cutting when the maximum tobacco leaves on the regenerated aromatic tobacco side branches grow to 10cm long; after 35-45 days of top cutting, the regenerated aromatic tobacco leaves enter a mature period, and if the tobacco leaves are dark green and not mature well, monopotassium phosphate can be applied to promote the maturation;
6) and (4) harvesting for multiple times: after 40 days of top cutting, the tobacco gradually matures from bottom to top, and the mature harvest standard is as follows: lower lobe: increasing the stem leaf angle to 48-52 degrees, changing the leaf color from dark green to light green, and harvesting; middle leaf: increasing the stem leaf angle to 44-46 ℃, whitening tobacco stems, and harvesting when the leaf color is green yellow; upper leaf: harvesting when the leaf color is yellow green; cutting and collecting leaves at the top of the lateral branches: the number of the leaves is less than 6, and the leaves are harvested after the central blossom is declined.
The aromatic tobacco in the step (1) is Yunxiang Basman No. 1 or Yunxiang No. 2.
The sowing time of the aromatic tobacco in the step (1) is 9 months, 15 days to 10 months and 10 days, and the transplanting time is 11 months, 1 day to 12 months and 5 days.
The time for harvesting the aromatic tobacco leaves in the step (1) is 2 months and 5 days to 3 months and 30 days.
The disinfection in the step (1) is to dip the cutter into 8-12% bleaching powder solution for scrubbing and disinfection.
N: P of the nitrogen-potassium fertilizer in the step (2)2O5:K2O =15%:0%:30%, and N: P of said compound fertilizer2O5:K2O =10%:10%:25%, K of the potassium sulfate fertilizer2O%=50%。
The spraying amount of the 0.03% gibberellic acid solution in the step (5) is 28-32 kg per mu.
And (5) applying 3-5kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution with the concentration of 2-3% per mu of irrigation, or spraying 28-32 kg of 1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution per mu of leaf surface.
Example 1
A cultivation method of regenerated aromatic tobacco comprises the following steps:
1) cutting off the top and retaining the stem: after the aromatic tobacco leaves are harvested, cutting the upper end of the main stem of the aromatic tobacco plant by using a cutter, keeping the main stem with the end of 35cm to continue growing, and disinfecting the cutter every time 50 tobacco plants are treated;
the aromatic cigarette is Yunxiang Basman No. 1; the sowing time of the (normal season) aromatic tobacco is 9 months and 15 days, and the transplanting time is 11 months and 1 day; the time for collecting the aromatic tobacco leaves is 2 months, 5 days to 3 months and 30 days;
the disinfection is to dip the cutter into 8 percent bleaching powder solution for scrubbing and disinfection;
2) fertilizer supplement: 1 day after the top cutting, 3kg of nitrogen potassium fertilizer is mixed with water for watering and applying per mu; 10 days after the top cutting, 10kg of compound fertilizer and 4kg of potassium sulfate fertilizer are mixed with water for watering and applying per mu; n: P of the nitrogen potassium fertilizer2O5:K2O =15%:0%:30%, and N: P of said compound fertilizer2O5:K2O =10%:10%:25%, K of the potassium sulfate fertilizer2O%=50%；
3) Bud picking and branch remaining: 7 days after cutting, 6-8 lateral buds grow on the main stem of the regenerated aromatic tobacco, redundant lateral buds are removed, 2 lateral buds on the top of the stem are remained, and the stem grows into lateral branches;
4) reasonable irrigation: 6 days after the top cutting, furrow irrigation is carried out on the tobacco field once; after 25 days of top cutting, furrow irrigation is carried out on the tobacco field once again;
5) and (3) maturation promotion: spraying 0.03% gibberellic acid solution to the regenerated aromatic tobacco side branches 25 days after the top cutting, wherein the spraying amount per mu is 28 kg; after 35 days of cutting, the tobacco leaves of the regenerated aromatic tobacco enter a maturation period, and if the tobacco leaves are dark green and are not well matured, monopotassium phosphate can be applied to promote maturation; the potassium dihydrogen phosphate is applied by 3kg of 2 percent potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution applied to each mu of leaves or 28kg of 1 percent potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution applied to each mu of leaves;
6) and (4) harvesting for multiple times: after 40 days of top cutting, the tobacco gradually matures from bottom to top, and the mature harvest standard is as follows: lower lobe: increasing the angle of the stem leaves to 48 degrees, changing the color of the leaves from dark green to light green, and harvesting; middle leaf: increasing the angle of the stem leaves to 44 degrees, whitening tobacco stems, and harvesting when the color of the leaves is green yellow; upper leaf: harvesting when the leaf color is yellow green; cutting and collecting leaves at the top of the lateral branches: the number of the leaves is less than 6, and the leaves are harvested after the central blossom is declined.
Example 2
A cultivation method of regenerated aromatic tobacco comprises the following steps:
1) cutting off the top and retaining the stem: after the aromatic tobacco leaves are harvested, cutting the upper end of the main stem of the aromatic tobacco plant by using a cutter, keeping the main stem with the end of 30cm to continue growing, and disinfecting the cutter every 45 tobacco plants are treated;
the aromatic cigarette is Yunxiang No. 2; the sowing time of the (normal season) aromatic tobacco is 10 months and 10 days, and the transplanting time is 12 months and 5 days; the time for harvesting the aromatic tobacco leaves is 2 months and 15 days to 3 months and 15 days;
the disinfection is to dip the cutter into 12 percent bleaching powder solution for scrubbing and disinfection;
2) fertilizer supplement: 2 days after the top cutting, 5kg of nitrogen potassium fertilizer is mixed with water for watering and applying per mu; 12 days after the top cutting, 12kg of compound fertilizer and 5kg of potassium sulfate fertilizer are mixed with water for watering and applying per mu; n: P of the nitrogen potassium fertilizer2O5:K2O =15%:0%:30%, and N: P of said compound fertilizer2O5:K2O =10%:10%:25%, K of the potassium sulfate fertilizer2O%=50%；
3) Bud picking and branch remaining: after 10 days of cutting, 6-8 lateral buds grow on the main stem of the regenerated aromatic tobacco, redundant lateral buds are removed, 1 lateral bud at the uppermost part of the stem is reserved, and the lateral buds grow into lateral branches;
4) reasonable irrigation: after 8 days of top cutting, furrow irrigation is carried out on the tobacco field once; 30 days after the top cutting, furrow irrigation is carried out on the tobacco field again;
5) and (3) maturation promotion: 35 days after the topping, spraying 0.03% gibberellic acid solution to the regenerated aromatic tobacco lateral branches when the maximum tobacco leaves on the regenerated aromatic tobacco lateral branches grow to 10cm long, wherein the spraying amount per mu is 32 kg; 45 days after the top cutting, the tobacco leaves of the regenerated aromatic tobacco enter a mature period, and if the tobacco leaves are dark green and not mature well, monopotassium phosphate can be applied to promote the maturation; the potassium dihydrogen phosphate is 5kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution with the concentration of 3% applied to each mu of the leaf surface, or 32kg of 1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution is sprayed to each mu of the leaf surface;
6) and (4) harvesting for multiple times: after 40 days of top cutting, the tobacco gradually matures from bottom to top, and the mature harvest standard is as follows: lower lobe: increasing the angle of the stem leaves to 52 degrees, changing the color of the leaves from dark green to light green, and harvesting; middle leaf: harvesting when the stem leaf angle is increased to 46 ℃, the tobacco stems are white, and the leaf color is green yellow; upper leaf: harvesting when the leaf color is yellow green; cutting and collecting leaves at the top of the lateral branches: the number of the leaves is less than 6, and the leaves are harvested after the central blossom is declined.
Example 3
A cultivation method of regenerated aromatic tobacco comprises the following steps:
1) cutting off the top and retaining the stem: after the aromatic tobacco leaves are harvested, cutting the upper end of the main stem of the aromatic tobacco plant by using a cutter, keeping the main stem with the end of 32cm to continue growing, and disinfecting the cutter every time 55 tobacco plants are treated;
the aromatic cigarette is Yunxiang Basman No. 1; the sowing time of the (normal season) aromatic tobacco is 9 months and 20 days, and the transplanting time is 11 months and 25 days; the time for collecting the aromatic tobacco leaves is 2 months and 25 days to 3 months and 1 day;
the disinfection is to dip the cutter into 10 percent bleaching powder solution for scrubbing and disinfection;
2) fertilizer supplement: 1 day after the top cutting, 4kg of nitrogen potassium fertilizer is mixed with water for watering and applying per mu; 14 days after the top cutting, each mu is watered with 14kg of compound fertilizer and 4.5kg of potassium sulfate fertilizer mixed with water; n: P of the nitrogen potassium fertilizer2O5:K2O =15%:0%:30%, and N: P of said compound fertilizer2O5:K2O =10%:10%:25%, K of the potassium sulfate fertilizer2O%=50%；
3) Bud picking and branch remaining: 6-8 lateral buds grow on the main stem of the regenerated aromatic tobacco 8 days after the cutting, redundant lateral buds are removed, 2 lateral buds on the top of the stem are remained, and the stem grows into lateral branches;
4) reasonable irrigation: furrow irrigation is carried out on the tobacco field once 7 days after the top cutting; furrow irrigation is carried out on the tobacco field once again 24 days after the top cutting;
5) and (3) maturation promotion: 30 days after the truncation, spraying 0.03% gibberellic acid solution to the regenerated aromatic tobacco side branches when the maximum tobacco leaves on the regenerated aromatic tobacco side branches grow to 10cm long, wherein the spraying amount per mu is 30 kg; 40 days after the top cutting, the tobacco leaves of the regenerated aromatic tobacco enter a mature period, and if the tobacco leaves are dark green and not mature well, monopotassium phosphate can be applied to promote the maturation; the potassium dihydrogen phosphate is applied by 4kg of 2-3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution applied per mu, or 30kg of 1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution sprayed on per mu of leaf surface;
6) and (4) harvesting for multiple times: after 40 days of top cutting, the tobacco gradually matures from bottom to top, and the mature harvest standard is as follows: lower lobe: increasing the angle of the stem leaves to 50 degrees, changing the color of the leaves from dark green to light green, and harvesting; middle leaf: increasing the angle of the stem leaves to 45 degrees, whitening tobacco stems, and harvesting when the color of the leaves is green yellow; upper leaf: harvesting when the leaf color is yellow green; cutting and collecting leaves at the top of the lateral branches: the number of the leaves is less than 6, and the leaves are harvested after the central blossom is declined.
Test example 1 aromatic tobacco regenerated tobacco branching field test
1 materials and methods
1.1 test materials
The test variety is Yunxiang Basman No. 1.
1.2 basic conditions of the test
The test is carried out in Lujiang Zhendadan village in Longyang area of Baoshan city of Yunnan province, field test is carried out by selecting field blocks with medium fertility, smooth topography and convenient irrigation and drainage, and the agricultural character of the soil in the test field is as follows: the pH value is 6.75, the organic matter content is 2.72 percent, the alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen content is 96.75mg/kg, the quick-acting phosphorus content is 15.85 mg/kg, and the quick-acting potassium content is 122.23 mg/kg; the soil fertility is moderate.
1.3 design of the experiment
The test cells are arranged in random blocks, the test is divided into 5 treatments, the treatment is repeated for 3 times, the total number of the 15 cells is 15, 600 tobacco plants (the row spacing is 40 cm multiplied by 10 cm) are planted in each cell, and the area of each cell is 24 m2Protection rows are arranged outside the housing estate, and the total test area of the field housing estate is 667 m 2. Other field management was performed as in example 1, and the contents of the treatments were as follows:
treatment 1: the height of the remained stem is 35cm, and 1 lateral bud is remained;
and (3) treatment 2: the height of the remained stem is 35cm, and 2 lateral buds are remained;
and (3) treatment: the height of the remained stem is 35cm, and 3 lateral buds are remained;
and (4) treatment: the height of the remained stem is 35cm, and 4 lateral buds are remained;
and (4) treatment 5: the height of the stem is 35cm, and 5 lateral buds are left.
1.3 sampling and investigation
1.3.1 agronomic trait survey
The agronomic character survey of the treated tobacco plants is strictly carried out according to the method for surveying and measuring the agronomic characters of tobacco (YC/T142-2010), and the average value of 20 tobacco plants is taken for each treatment survey.
1.3.2 investigation of the conditions of natural disease in the field
The disease survey of each treated tobacco plant is strictly carried out according to the method for grading and surveying the diseases and the pests of tobacco (GB 23222-2008).
1.3.3 economic character survey
The treated tobacco plants are respectively harvested, prepared and weighed strictly according to the subdistricts, and are processed according to technical requirements for the classification of aromatic tobacco (GB 5991.1-2000).
1.3.4 raw tobacco appearance quality survey
After each processed tobacco leaf is harvested and modulated, the processing is carried out according to technical requirements for classifying aromatic tobacco (GB 5991.1-2000).
2 results and analysis
2.1 agronomic trait status
The agronomic traits of each treated tobacco plant are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 agricultural characteristics survey analysis Table
As can be seen from Table 1, as the number of branches increases, the dry matter of the tobacco plant is mainly used for the growth of lateral branches, resulting in the gradual reduction of the height of the regenerated tobacco plant; the stem circumference increases along with the number of the lateral branches, and the stem circumference of each lateral branch tends to be gradually reduced; the pitch tends to become dense along with the increase of the number of lateral branches, the increase of the number of the lateral branches and the deterioration of illumination conditions can cause the photosynthesis of leaves to be weakened, and the yield and the quality of tobacco leaves are influenced; the maximum leaf length and leaf width are gradually reduced along with the increase of the number of the lateral branches, 1-crotch of the leaves with the maximum leaf length and leaf width is left, 3-5-crotch of the leaves are left too small and too dense, and the illumination condition is poor, so that the quality of the aromatic tobacco is influenced; as the number of the lateral branches increases, the number of leaves of the whole plant tends to increase, but the leaves are more remained and dense, so that the accumulation of dry matters is seriously influenced, and the quality of the tobacco leaves is poor. From the agronomic character, the branch retaining 2 is suitable.
2.2 field Natural disease
TABLE 2 survey of natural onset in the field
As seen from the table 2, as the number of the left twigs increases, the natural morbidity in the field on the whole tends to increase, and the main diseases are powdery mildew, bacterial spot disease and common mosaic disease without leaf curl.
2.3 economic traits
The statistics of the yield, the output value and the upper smoke proportion of each treatment are shown in table 3, and the results of the variance analysis are shown in tables 4-6.
TABLE 3 statistical results of economic traits for each treatment
As can be seen from Table 3, the number of the retained collaterals somewhat affects the economic character of the regenerated tobacco. The tobacco yield tends to increase along with the increase of the number of the remained lateral branches, the yield below 2 branches of the remained lateral branches is below 115.8 kilograms, and the yield reaches about 80 percent of the yield of the aromatic tobacco in the season; the yield value of 3-5 branches of the remaining lateral branches is increased, but the quality of tobacco leaves is reduced, and the proportion of AB-grade tobacco is reduced.
TABLE 4 yield Duncan's New double differential method (SSR method) multiple comparisons
As can be seen from Table 4, the yield of the treatment with 2 forks remained by multiple comparisons of Duncan's new double-polarization method (SSR method) and other treatments all reach the significant level of difference, but not reach the significant level of difference. The yield of the tobacco leaves between 3-5 twigs of treatment can not reach the level with obvious difference.
TABLE 5 multiple comparisons of production values by Duncan's new double-offset method (SSR method)
As can be seen from Table 5, the yield value of the treatment with 2 forks is obtained by multiple comparisons of Duncan's new double-polarization method (SSR method) and reaches a significant level of difference with other treatments, but not reaches a significant level of difference. The yield value of the tobacco leaves between 3-4 twigs of treatment can not reach the level with obvious difference; compared with the treatment of leaving 2 twigs, the treatment of leaving 5 twigs and leaving 1 twigs has the advantage that the yield value does not reach the level with obvious difference; the yield value is expressed, and the best value is that 2 forks are left.
TABLE 6 multiple comparisons of the AB Smoke ratios by Duncan's New double polar Difference method (SSR method)
As can be seen from Table 6, by multiple comparisons of Duncan's new double polarization method (SSR method), the difference between the AB-grade smoke left at 2 twigs and the AB-grade smoke left at 1 twigs and the AB-grade smoke left at 5 twigs reaches a significant level, and the difference between the AB-grade smoke left at 3 twigs and the AB-grade smoke left at 4 twigs is not significant.
2.4 raw cigarette appearance quality
TABLE 7 tobacco leaf appearance quality
From the table 7, the appearance quality of the tobacco leaves left with 1 branch and 2 branches is better from the appearance quality of the tobacco leaves treated, and the appearance quality of the tobacco leaves becomes worse with the increase of the number of branches, which shows that the appearance quality of the tobacco leaves treated with 1-2 branches is better.
In the comprehensive test example 1, the agronomic characters of the tobacco plants treated by the regenerated aromatic tobacco leaves at 1-2 branches are reasonable, the damage of diseases is light, and the economic indexes of the tobacco plants such as yield, output value and average price are good.
Claims (3)
1. A cultivation method of regenerated aromatic tobacco is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) cutting off the top and retaining the stem: the sowing time of the aromatic tobacco is 9 months, 15 days to 10 months and 10 days, the transplanting time is 11 months, 1 day to 12 months and 5 days, and the harvesting time is 2 months, 5 days to 3 months and 30 days; after the aromatic tobacco leaves are harvested, cutting the upper end of the main stem of the aromatic tobacco plant by using a cutter, keeping the main stem with the end of 30-35cm to continue growing, and disinfecting the cutter every time 45-55 tobacco plants are treated; the disinfection is to dip the cutter into 8-12% bleaching powder solution for scrubbing and disinfection;
2) fertilizer supplement: 1-2 days after topping, 3-5kg of nitrogen potassium fertilizer is mixed with water for watering and applying per mu; 10-12 days after the top cutting, 10-12kg of compound fertilizer and 4-5kg of potassium sulfate fertilizer are mixed with water for watering and applying per mu;
3) bud picking and branch remaining: 7-10 days after the truncation, 6-8 lateral buds grow on the main stem of the regenerated aromatic tobacco, redundant lateral buds are removed, 1-2 lateral buds at the uppermost part of the stem are remained, and the lateral buds grow into lateral branches;
4) reasonable irrigation: furrow irrigation is carried out on the tobacco field once 6-8 days after the top cutting; furrow irrigation is carried out on the tobacco field once again 25-30 days after the top cutting;
5) and (3) maturation promotion: spraying 0.03% gibberellic acid solution to the regenerated aromatic tobacco side branches 25-35 days after topping, wherein the spraying amount per mu is 28-32 kg; 35-45 days after topping, the regenerated aromatic tobacco leaves enter a maturation stage, if the tobacco leaves are dark green and not mature well, monopotassium phosphate can be applied to promote maturation, and monopotassium phosphate is applied to be 3-5kg of 2-3% of potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution applied to each mu of leaf surface, or 28-32 kg of 1% of potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution is applied to each mu of leaf surface;
6) and (4) harvesting for multiple times: after 40 days of top cutting, the tobacco gradually matures from bottom to top, and the mature harvest standard is as follows: lower lobe: increasing the stem leaf angle to 48-52 degrees, changing the leaf color from dark green to light green, and harvesting; middle leaf: increasing the stem leaf angle to 44-46 ℃, whitening tobacco stems, and harvesting when the leaf color is green yellow; upper leaf: harvesting when the leaf color is yellow green; cutting and collecting leaves at the top of the lateral branches: the number of the leaves is less than 6, and the leaves are harvested after the central blossom is declined.
2. The cultivation method of regenerated aromatic tobacco according to claim 1, wherein the aromatic tobacco in step 1) is Yunxiang Basman No. 1 or Yunxiang No. 2.
3. The cultivation method of regenerated aromatic tobacco according to claim 1, wherein the N: P ratio of N to P in the N-K fertilizer in step 2)2O5:K2O =15%:0%:30%, and N: P of said compound fertilizer2O5:K2O =10%:10%:25%, K of the potassium sulfate fertilizer2O%=50%。
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| CN106489570A (en) * | 2016-10-26 | 2017-03-15 | 四川省烟草公司泸州市公司 | A kind of cigarette strain breeding method for improving the early blossoming vega output value |
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