CN107614223A - The method of concrete proportioning is found in shared by the minimum aperture in aggregate and cement mortar - Google Patents
The method of concrete proportioning is found in shared by the minimum aperture in aggregate and cement mortar Download PDFInfo
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- CN107614223A CN107614223A CN201680030058.8A CN201680030058A CN107614223A CN 107614223 A CN107614223 A CN 107614223A CN 201680030058 A CN201680030058 A CN 201680030058A CN 107614223 A CN107614223 A CN 107614223A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28C—PREPARING CLAY; PRODUCING MIXTURES CONTAINING CLAY OR CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28C7/00—Controlling the operation of apparatus for producing mixtures of clay or cement with other substances; Supplying or proportioning the ingredients for mixing clay or cement with other substances; Discharging the mixture
- B28C7/04—Supplying or proportioning the ingredients
- B28C7/0404—Proportioning
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28C—PREPARING CLAY; PRODUCING MIXTURES CONTAINING CLAY OR CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28C9/00—General arrangement or layout of plant
- B28C9/002—Mixing systems, i.e. flow charts or diagrams; Making slurries; Involving methodical aspects; Involving pretreatment of ingredients; Involving packaging
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B40/00—Processes, in general, for influencing or modifying the properties of mortars, concrete or artificial stone compositions, e.g. their setting or hardening ability
- C04B40/0028—Aspects relating to the mixing step of the mortar preparation
- C04B40/0032—Controlling the process of mixing, e.g. adding ingredients in a quantity depending on a measured or desired value
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- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Preparation Of Clay, And Manufacture Of Mixtures Containing Clay Or Cement (AREA)
- Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)
Abstract
It is recommended that method be to find concrete proportioning by mixing minimum aperture in aggregate and the shared of cement mortar, apply the technology for finding the minimum aperture in mixing aggregate, and the shared cement mortar for mixing the minimum aperture in aggregate is found with system by using the adaptation scheme of experimental design, and the film of cement mortar coating film and the cement mortar that aggregate contact surface at shares of the shared basis of cement mortar at particles of aggregates surface calculates.This new method can produce the concrete proportioning being normally applied.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the shared mixed to find of the minimum aperture in engineering field in by aggregate and cement mortar
The part of the method for solidifying soil proportioning.
Background technology
In general, the method for concrete mix design by such as ACI (American Concrete Institute), BS (British Standard) and
IS (Indian Standard) etc. the Standards Institution for concrete proposes.These methods are based on per unit volume concrete proportioning.Meter
It is mainly that the full-size 2 of aggregate 1) is determined according to prespecified standard and performance to calculate step) select to meet that workability will
The free water amount 3 asked) determine reach concrete target compression strength the ratio of mud 4) calculate per unit volume water and cement
Amount and 5) be directed to fine aggregate given fineness modulus, it may be determined that the volume of coarse aggregate.Most coagulations from these methods
Soil proportioning causes concrete production cost too high, because the cement content in concrete is excessive, this will also be produced to environment
Very big influence, due to discharging CO from manufacture of cement2.In addition, in these methods, for determining the volume fraction values of aggregate
Table only provided with some values of the fineness modulus of fine aggregate.Therefore, table data is not directly applicable with different fineness
The fine aggregate of modulus.These may result in limitation of the selection for the aggregate of concrete proportioning.
Due to above mentioned problem, by being used to analyze and create system to analyze from Standards Institution's input data of concrete
Research project, such as patent application publication be present in terms of concrete proportioning for controlling the quality of production and cost
No.WO2013/173764 A1“QUALITY CONTROL AND COST MANAGEMENT SYSTEM FOR
CEMENTATIONS MIXTURES ", it can be applied to mega project, and available for being analyzed using available data, to improve
The property of concrete obtains appropriate concrete mix for some specific purposes.Accordingly, there exist be absorbed in determination to be applied to
The invention of the cement content of the specific products used in different environments, such as patent No.CN101549976A a kind of " immersed tube tunnel
Road pipeline section concrete mix ", it, which is proposed, determines subterranean tunnel product concrete proportioning with the building ring in adaptively lower
Border.In addition to the conventional concrete admixture of adjustment, also come part using some materials and substitute such as flyash and mineral powder
Cement.Other alternative materials are also used for such as patent No.US7025825 B2 " PLASTIC FIBERS FOR IMPROVED
CONCRETE " is proposed for reducing production cost and improving the reinforced plastics fiber of concrete strength, patent
No.US7641731 B2“ULTRAHIGH-PERFORMANCE,SELF-COMPACTING CONCRETE,PREPARATION
METHOD THEREOF AND USE OF SAME " are proposed using the replacement material for being used for the silicon ash for producing strong concrete
Material.However, these natural and synthesis alternative materials there may be some shortcomings, cause such as moisture to concrete, durable
Property adhesion and porosity influence.
At present, many countries are it has been noted that appropriate conservation of nature and management and the preferably recovery of environment.One kind side
Method is using waste or the byproduct from industry.This method is the main trend of research.However, many follow-up ask be present
The amount of the byproduct of topic, such as waste or industry is not enough to reach commercial size, or the quality of these materials is undesirable.
Alternative method is to determine the new concrete proportioning without any alternative materials, but cause it is having had or even preferable
Concrete, such as concrete of quality may be finer and close, therefore more robust.The quality of the concrete obtained should meet all pre-
Standard as defined in elder generation and specification.The method of concrete proportioning is for the bone from different structure and any locality source of engineering properties
Should be flexible for material.
The content of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is solved the above problems by development approach, and methods described is by using in mixing aggregate
New concrete proportioning is found in the technology of minimum aperture and the shared of cement mortar.This method consists of：The engineering of aggregate
The collection or test of property；The maximum nominal size of aggregate is determined according to the condition of product or condition of work；The aggregate of selection
The nominal size of nominal size quantity and available aggregate；Adaptation scheme system based on experimental design is found in mixing aggregate most
Small space；For the space in the mixing aggregate of selection, it is determined that meeting prespecified or condition of work the target according to product
The ratio of mud of compression strength；The surface for adding, being coated on each particles of aggregates in the space in selected mixing aggregate
Cement mortar amount and it is all contact surfaces at share cement serous coats amounts determine need cement mortar lower and upper limit,
Which reflects the confidence interval level statistic in needs is uncertain；From main concrete proportioning according to the prespecified of product
Or condition of work determines other admixtures for other properties；It is mixed for the concrete proportioning of per unit volume, somewhat adjustment
Solidifying soil proportioning；And last casting concrete test specimen is used for a series of tests, a series of tests may cause slightly to adjust each mix
Solidifying soil proportioning.
The purpose of the present invention is to find the concrete proportioning being normally applied without any alternative materials using new method,
To reduce cement consumption, finer and close and more robust coagulation of the production with the property for meeting all prespecified specification of works
Soil.Proposed method can apply to the concrete production in any aggregate source.
Brief description of the drawings
It is by reference to the following drawings it is appreciated that of the invention and some embodiments described in detail below：
Figure 1A, 1B and 1C show the model that cement mortar is shared at contact surface.
Fig. 2A, 2B, 2C, 2D, 2E show the water of the particle of the cladding aggregate on the contact surface of shared varying number with 2F
The model of the film of mud.
Fig. 3 A, 3B, 3C, 3D, 3E and 3F show the model that cement mortar coating film is shared between different types of aggregate.
Fig. 4 A and 4B show sharing for the cement mortar cladding in the cross section and longitudinal section of standard cylinder concrete.
Fig. 5 shows that cement mortar coats shared in the cross section of concrete-pile product.
Fig. 6 shows the flow chart that concrete proportioning is determined with proposed method.
Fig. 7 shows the value of the sample at percentage p.
Fig. 8 is shown determines average value according to specification of works.
Fig. 9 shows the distribution function suitable for one group of given data.
Embodiment
For appropriate and the present invention is expressly understood, concrete, fine aggregate, coarse aggregate, the type of cement mortar and every kind of
The definition and description of the compression strength of the construction of the cement mortar of type will be shown below：
1. the compression strength of concrete refer to a diameter of 15cm during 28 day age, high 30cm standard cylinder test specimen resistance to compression
Intensity.
2. fine aggregate (1) is the aggregate that particle size is less than 4.75mm.
3. coarse aggregate (2) is the aggregate that particle size is not less than 4.75mm.
4. the form of cement mortar consists of：
Cement mortar coating film (3) is each particle and such as mold wall, additional materials and reinforcing member around aggregate
The cement serous coat of other materials cladding.The film calculates according to by diameter of the water around its surface coated cement granules.Moisture film
Amount must be enough to make the complete aquation of cement.
It is the cement mortar shared between the contact surface of each particle of aggregate and other materials to share cement serous coat (4)
Coating film.
The cement mortar (5) in the space in mixing aggregate is in the space in cladding mixing aggregate and other covering materials
Cement mortar.
5. the construction of all kinds of cement mortars：
In figure ia, the distance between model display mixing particles of aggregates, it is influenceed by fine aggregate (1) and coarse aggregate
(2) composition concrete in contact surface at cement serous coat share.In the case where a pair of two particles are too remote each other, two
It will not be shared between individual particle (5).In the case where a pair of two particles are sufficiently close to each other, two particle weeks can be shared
The cement mortar coating film (3) enclosed, cement serous coat (4) is referred to as shared, it can be shown to amplify in such as Figure 1B and 1C.
Concrete mix is formed by largely mixing particles of aggregates.The each particle for mixing aggregate can be close to single or more
Individual particle.Therefore, this will respectively influence cement mortar cladding share film (4) contact surface quantity, quantity be it is unequal, such as
One, two, three, four, five and six contact surface shown in Fig. 2A, 2B, 2C, 2D, 2E and 2F.
Shared cement serous coat (4) can form the particles of aggregates and a pair of different type particless of aggregates in a pair of identical type
And between the particles of aggregates with other materials, such as：
As shown in Figure 3A, between the particle of fine aggregate (1) and another particle of same type fine aggregate (1),
As shown in Figure 3 B, between the particle of fine aggregate (1) and another particle of coarse aggregate (2),
As shown in Figure 3 C, between the particle and mold wall or additional materials (6) of fine aggregate (1),
As shown in Figure 3 D, between the particle and reinforcing member (7) of fine aggregate (1),
As shown in FIGURE 3 E, between the particle of coarse aggregate (2) and another particle of same type coarse aggregate (2),
As illustrated in Figure 3 F, between the particle and mold wall or reinforcing member (6) of coarse aggregate (2).
The structure of maturing can be shown in the cross section of the standard cylinder test specimen in Fig. 4 A, 4B and 5 and indulge
Section and the cross section of concrete product.These structures are similar with the structure of drag：
The film (8) for forming the shared cement mortar of concrete cylindrical test specimen can be with the model shown in such as Figure 1A, 1B and 1C
The film (4) of shared cement mortar be compared,
Cylinder from concrete mixing aggregate in space in cement mortar (9) can with from as shown in Figure 1A
Cement mortar (5) in the mixing aggregate of model is compared,
Shared (10) of the cement mortar coating film between a pair of fine aggregate particles in cylinder body concrete can be with Fig. 3 A
Illustraton of model be compared,
Shared (11) of cement mortar coating film between fine aggregate particle and coarse aggregate particle can be with Fig. 3 B illustraton of model
It is compared,
The sharing of cement mortar coating film between a pair of coarse aggregate particles (12) can compared with Fig. 3 E illustraton of model,
Shared (13) of cement mortar coating film between fine aggregate particle and mold wall or additional materials can be with Fig. 3 C mould
Type figure is compared,
Fine aggregate particle can be compared with illustraton of model 3D with shared (14) of the cement mortar coating film between reinforcing member.
By mixing the shared method for finding concrete proportioning of minimum aperture in aggregate and cement mortar by below such as
The step of flow-chart form shown in Fig. 6, forms：
1. research, the engineering properties (15) for collecting and testing each type of aggregate needed, including：
Gradually changeable
Fineness modulus
Natural space
Saturated surface-dry proportion
Water imbibition
The property of water：Density under different temperatures
Such as property of the cement of cement type, particle size, proportion and fineness modulus.
Other properties needed for prespecified specification of works and condition of work.
2. determine the maximum nominal size or condition of work (16) of the aggregate for concrete product.
3. determine the source of the aggregate for mixing aggregate or the quantity (17) of nominal size.
4. find the minimum aperture (18) in the mixing aggregate with following condition：
A. the adaptation scheme of experimental design is used, according to following condition, for the nominal size quantity of at least two aggregates,
Find the minimum aperture in mixing aggregate：
I. being used to finding the adaptation scheme in the space in mixing aggregate, leniently each nominal size of aggregate is matched somebody with somebody in section
Than starting, and there is at least one internal point.
Ii. the scheme for finding the space in mixing aggregate utilizes all possible ratio value or one of each type of aggregate
A little values.
B. each pattern according to any standard testing is directed to, finds the space in mixing aggregate, for each pattern extremely
Rare the step of once having as described below：
I. selection causes the experiment model for mixing minimum aperture in aggregate,
Ii. the ratio section of each nominal size of aggregate is reduced,
Iii. experimental design is used,
Iv. every kind of experiment model is directed to, find the experiment in the space in mixing aggregate,
V. the ratio compared with the mixing aggregate in narrow with minimum aperture is selected.
C. the mixing bone with minimum aperture is found by using for any mathematical modeling of single or multiple variables
The ratio of material, the mathematical modeling should be not less than in mathematical modeling as quantity of the instrument for the purpose based on experiment model
The condition of the quantity of unknowm coefficient, and each step is repeated until having most in horizontal obtain of objective degrees of confidence under the following conditions
The ratio of areolate mixing aggregate：
I. the ratio of aggregate can by weight or by volume,
Ii. mathematical modeling can be the polynomial any kind of of such as second order or higher order, and it can be in aggregate
Optimum value is produced in the domain of each nominal size,
Iii. the unknowm coefficient of mathematical modeling is found by interpolation technique or regression analysis,
D. the independent variable in mathematical modeling is the ratio of each nominal size of aggregate, the quantity of independent variable always bone
The quantity of the nominal size of material subtracts one,
E. the quantity that the experiment model in the space in mixing aggregate is found in the domain considered is applied
The quantity of the unknowm coefficient of mathematical modeling,
F. finding the space in mixing aggregate for every kind of experiment model should be carried out at least once under the following conditions：
I. in the case of the experimental quantities more than one in the space during mixing aggregate is found for each pattern, should use
Space average value in the mixing aggregate of every kind of experiment model.
G. in view of the uncertainty for mixing aggregate void of every kind of experiment model, by using the percentage of mixing aggregate
Than the space in the mixing aggregate of each pattern not less than p as shown in Figure 7.
I. the value of the percentage of the mixing aggregate void of every kind of experiment model is no less than 95.
5. find the cement of the cladding mixing aggregate surface for the minimum aperture being used under the following conditions in aggregate is mixed
The desired value (19) of the desired value of the amount of serous coat and the amount of cement serous coat shared at the contact surface of mixing aggregate：
A. the desired value of the amount of the cement serous coat of each nominal size of aggregate and all nominal sizes in aggregate are coated
Particle contact surface at share cement serous coat amount desired value.
B. according to the system of the particle size of each nominal size of cement granules size, the thickness of cement serous coat and aggregate
Count or mean value calculation be coated on the cement serous coat at particles of aggregates surface amount desired value and aggregate contact surface at
The desired value of the amount of shared cement serous coat.
C. by using every species of the actual type of particle size distribution of cement, the thickness of cement serous coat and aggregate
The particle size of type, the water that the desired value of the amount of the cement serous coat of cladding aggregate can be improved and shared at aggregate contact surface
The desired value of the amount of mud film.
6. under the following conditions, find the border (20) of cement slurry volume：
A. the border of cement slurry volume is according to the desired value of the amount for the cement serous coat being coated at particles of aggregates surface, in bone
Material contact surface at share cement serous coat amount desired value and percentage p as shown in Figure 7 place mixing aggregate in space
What the desired value of the amount of interior cement mortar was calculated.
B. the lower limit of cement slurry volume is to be added according to the desired value for the amount of cement serous coat at aggregate surface that is coated in percentage
Desired value than mixing the amount of cement mortar in aggregate void at p subtracts shared cement serous coat at the contact surface of aggregate
The desired value of amount.
C. the upper limit of cement slurry volume is to be added according to the desired value of the amount for the cement serous coat being coated at aggregate surface hundred
Divide what the desired value than the amount of the cement mortar at p in mixing aggregate void was calculated.
7. find the appropriate ratio of mud (21).The ratio should produce the compression strength value of different service life concrete not
The analog value prespecified less than specification of works, wherein failure probability are less than pf as shown in Figure 8.Different service life concrete
The desired value of compression strength should meet following condition：
A.pf value should be prespecified, and usual pf is arranged to 5%.
B. the average value of the compression strength of different service lives is calculated according to normal distribution.
C. as shown in figure 9, in the case of with enough data before, calculated according to the distribution pattern of reality different
The average value of the compression strength of service life.
8. main concrete proportioning (22) is found, wherein may have multiple formulas, the amount for the cement mortar being each formulated
Desired value is not less than lower limit.
9. find the amount of the air void of each formula of main concrete proportioning, superplasticizer and other additional admixtures
(23) so that the concrete being each formulated meets other required properties.
10. under conditions of according to step 8,9 and 10, the concrete matched ratio (24) for each formula is found.
11. according to prespecified standard and condition of work, to each formula casting concrete test specimen (25), and to each
The engineering properties of the concrete of formula is tested.
12. somewhat adjust the concrete proportioning being each formulated so that the concrete proportioning being each formulated can pour or life
Concrete is produced, and produces the concrete (26) for meeting the quality with prespecified standard and condition of work.
13. there is the concrete proportioning formula of lowest production cost according to method choice, to find coagulation as described above
Soil proportioning (27).
Example
The data of institute's extracting method material
1. compression strength=350ksc when diameter 15cm, height 30cm standard cylinder concrete seven day age,
2. aggregate maximum nominal size=19mm,
3. Common Portland cement type III：Proportion=3.15,
4. coarse aggregate source 1：Saturated surface-dry proportion=2.779,
Fineness modulus=8.467,
5. coarse aggregate source 2：Saturated surface-dry proportion=2.754,
Fineness modulus=5.896,
6. fine aggregate：Saturated surface-dry proportion=2.636,
Fineness modulus=2.025,
7. air void=1.5%
8. cement mortar：Minimum aperture=0.17778 in mixing aggregate adds 7.062-9.444% scopes
Interior additional cement mortar,
9. the ratio of mud=0.44,
10. material cost：Cement 400=THB/m3, water=14THB/m3, stone=380THB/m3, sand=380THB/
m3。
Data from experiment
1. mix aggregate minimum aperture=0.17778, coefficient of alteration=0.02693.
2. the cement mortar film thickness from analysis, passes through experimental verification=13.756 micron.
Result from calculating
1. mix the part by weight of aggregate：Coarse aggregate 1：Coarse aggregate 2：
Fine aggregate=1015:301:772kg.
2. the Dynamic gene difference=0.960 and 0.955 of lower and upper limit.
3. the ratio of the mixing aggregate of limit weight：Coarse aggregate 1：Coarse aggregate 2：Fine aggregate=974.4:289.0:
741.1kg。
4. the ratio of the mixing aggregate of upper limit weight：Coarse aggregate 1：Coarse aggregate 2：Fine aggregate=969.3:287.5:
737.3kg。
5. increased space reaches 95% confidence level=0.17778 × 0.02693 × 1.645=in mixing aggregate
0.18556。
6. for coating the volume of cement mortar needed for the particle of coarse aggregate 1=0.00173/.
7. for coating the volume of cement mortar needed for the particle of coarse aggregate 2=0.0143/.
8. for coating the volume of cement mortar needed for the particle of fine aggregate=0.29644/.
9. the lower limit for coating the cement mortar needed for the particle of aggregate：
9.1 are used to coat the cement mortar needed for the particle of coarse aggregate 1
=(0.00173 × 974.4/2.779)/998=0.00061.
9.2 are used to coat the cement mortar needed for the particle of coarse aggregate 2
=(0.0143 × 289.0/2.754)/998=0.00156.
9.3 are used to coat the cement mortar needed for the particle of fine aggregate
=(0.29644 × 741.1/2.636)/998=0.08351.
9.4 are used for the volume of shared maximum cement mortar=0.11188/.
9.5 are used for the amount of efficiently shared cement mortar
=0.8 × 0.11188 × 741.1/ (2.636 × 988)=0.02521.
The amount of cement mortar needed for 9.6 coating mixing aggregates
=0.00061+0.00156+0.08351-0.02521=0.06046.
9.7 volume regulatory factors=1.015+0.06774=1.08274.
9.8 lower limit for coating the cement mortar needed for the particle of aggregate
=(0.17778+0.18556)/1.08274+0.06046=0.232.
Additional amount=0.18556/1.08274+0.06046=0.068 of 9.9 cement mortars.
10. the upper limit for coating the cement mortar needed for the particle of aggregate：
10.1 are used to coat the cement mortar needed for the particle of coarse aggregate 1
=(0.00173 × 969.3/2.779)/998=0.00060.
10.2 are used to coat the cement mortar needed for the particle of coarse aggregate 2
=(0.0143 × 287.46/2.754)/998=0.00155.
10.3 are used to coat the cement mortar needed for the particle of fine aggregate
=(0.29644 × 737.26/2.636)/998=0.08308.
10.4 are used for shared maximum cement mortar
=0.00060+0.00155+0.08308=0.08523.
10.5 volume adjustment factors=1.015+0.09235=1.01734.
The upper limit of 10.6 cement mortars
=(0.17778+0.18556)/1.10734+0.08308=0.253.
Additional amount=0.18556/1.10734+0.08308=0.092 of 10.7 cement mortars.
11. the water and cement amount of lower limit
11.1 cement content=0.232 × (3.15/ (1+0.44 × 3.15) × 998=305.6kg,
11.2 water content=0.44 × 305.6=134.5kg.
12. the water and cement amount of the upper limit
12.1 cement content=0.253 × (3.15/ (1+0.44 × 3.15) × 998=333.2kg,
12.2 water content=0.44 × 333.2=146.6kg.
The concrete proportioning of 1 extracting method of table
The comparison of result between proposed method and existing method
Data from reference
Compression strength=20MPa (203.9ksc) during 1.15cm 28 day age of concrete cube,
2. aggregate maximum nominal size=20mm,
3. Common Portland cement I types：Proportion=3.15,
4. coarse aggregate：Proportion=2.6, bulk density=1600kg/m3,
Modulus of fineness=6.5, water absorption rate=0.5%
5. fine aggregate：Proportion=2.6, bulk density=1700kg/m3,
Fineness modulus=2.2, water absorption rate=2.0%
6. the ratio of mud=0.55, air void=2%.
It is recommended that method material data, material data of its property close to bibliography
Compression strength=20MPa (203.9ksc) during 1.15cm 7 day age of concrete cube,
2. nominal full-size=19mm of aggregate,
3. Common Portland cement type III：Proportion=3.15,
4. coarse aggregate：Saturation-surface-dry proportion=2.823, fineness modulus=6.89,
5. fineness modulus：Saturation-surface-dry proportion=2.636, fineness modulus=2.025,
6. the ratio of mud=0.55, air void=2%
7. total cement mortar：Mix the additional cement in the range of minimum aperture=0.1998+6.925-9.257% in aggregate
Slurry.
Table 2 compares concrete proportioning by the method and existing method of suggestion
Remarks * results come from M.L.Gambhir, Concrete Technology, and 2nd Ed.,Tata McGraw-Hill
Publishing Company Limited,New Delhi,1996,p.160-165.
It is recommended that method and ACI methods results contrast (calculation procedure for needing formula, chart or form)
The material data of ACI methods and the method suggested
1. nominal full-size=19mm of aggregate.
2. Common Portland cement type III：Proportion=3.15.
3. compression strength=350ksc when diameter 15cm, height 30cm standard cylinder concrete seven day age.
4. coarse aggregate 1：Saturated surface-dry proportion=2.779, fineness modulus=8.467.
5. coarse aggregate 2：Saturated surface-dry proportion=2.754, fineness modulus=5.986.
6. fine aggregate：Saturated surface-dry proportion=2.636, fineness modulus=2.025.
7. the ratio of mud=0.44, space=2%.
8. total cement mortar：Mix minimum aperture=0.17778 in aggregate plus additional cement mortar 7.062-9.444%.
Table 3 compares concrete proportioning using ACI methods and the method suggested
Remarks * S.H.Kosmatka, B.Kerkhoff and W.C.Panarese, Design and Control of
Concrete Mixtures,11th Ed.,2nd Printing,Portland Cement Association,Illinois,
2005, p.151-158 in calculating
The summary of comparison in two examples
It was found that the concrete proportioning to follow the suggested course with by other method for the phase of the compression strength of concrete
Equivalent corresponding cement content is compared with cost produces minimum cement content and minimum cost.In addition, the side for passing through suggestion
The matrix of method maturing is denser than being tended to by the corresponding matrix of other method.Therefore, proposed method obtains
The method that the concrete obtained should compare ratio is more robust.
Claims (21)
1. a kind of shared method for finding concrete proportioning by mixing minimum aperture and cement mortar in aggregate, method bag
Include：
(1) engineering properties of each nominal size of aggregate needed for studying, collect and testing,
(2) the maximum nominal size or condition of work of the aggregate for concrete product are determined,
(3) quantity of the nominal size for mixing the aggregate needed for aggregate is determined,
(4) minimum aperture in mixing aggregate is found,
(5) find for coat mixing aggregate particle cement serous coat thickness average value and in aggregate is mixed most
The amount of shared cement serous coat at areolate contact surface,
(6) lower and upper limit of cement mortar needed for finding,
(7) the appropriate ratio of mud is determined,
(8) amount of every kind of main material for concrete mix is found,
(9) in addition to for the main material of each formula of concrete mix, be also predefined air void, superplasticizer and
The dosage of other additives,
(10) amount of all material used for each formula of concrete mix is found,
(11) for each formula casting concrete test specimen, and work is tested relative to all prespecified standards and condition of work
Cheng Xingzhi,
(12) concrete mix is somewhat adjusted for each formula, is suitable for prespecified standard and condition of work,
(13) concrete proportioning is selected with lowest production cost,
The special characteristic of methods described is, sharing for cement mortar is found from calculating described below：
Cement mortar coating film is calculated from the actual size of each particle of mixing aggregate, water should fully meet the complete water of cement
Change,
Calculating can be in the amount of the shared cement serous coat in all contact surfaces of mixing aggregate.
2. according to claim 1 find concrete proportioning by mixing minimum aperture in aggregate and the shared of cement mortar
Method, wherein, the method for minimum aperture found in mixing aggregate includes：
(1) it is empty to find the minimum in the mixing aggregate of at least two nominal sizes using the adaptation scheme for experimental design
Gap,
(2) space found according to every kind of experiment model of any standard testing in mixing aggregate is directed to,
(3) by using the mathematical modeling for single or multiple variables, the minimum aperture in mixing aggregate is found,
(4) every kind of experiment model is directed to, finds the space in mixing aggregate at least once,
(5) p is at least by using the percent void space in the mixing aggregate for every kind of experiment model, to consider to mix aggregate
In space uncertainty.
3. find concrete by mixing minimum aperture in aggregate and the shared of cement mortar according to claim 1 to 2
The method of proportioning, wherein, the independent variable in mathematical modeling is the ratio of each nominal size of aggregate, and independent variable
The quantity of the quantity always nominal size of aggregate subtracts one.
4. find concrete by mixing minimum aperture in aggregate and the shared of cement mortar according to claim 1 to 2
The method of proportioning, wherein, the quantity that the experiment model in the space in mixing aggregate is found in the domain considered is no less than making
The quantity of the unknowm coefficient of mathematical modeling.
5. find concrete by mixing minimum aperture in aggregate and the shared of cement mortar according to claim 1 to 2
The method of proportioning, wherein, the adaptation scheme for experimental design makes since the wide section of each nominal size of aggregate
With the value at boundary and at least one internal point.
6. find coagulation by mixing minimum aperture in aggregate and the shared of cement mortar according to claim 1 to 2 and 5
Soil proportioning method, wherein, for experimental design adaptation scheme use ratio mix aggregate all possible value or some
Value.
7. find concrete by mixing minimum aperture in aggregate and the shared of cement mortar according to claim 1 to 2
The method of proportioning, wherein, the method for finding the space in mixing aggregate according to the experiment model of any standard testing, it is walked
Suddenly include：
(1) the minimum aperture choice experiment pattern mixed in aggregate is utilized,
(2) the scaled down section of each nominal size of aggregate is directed to,
(3) adaptation scheme for experimental design is used,
(4) every kind of experiment model is directed to, find the experiment in the space in mixing aggregate,
(5) selection mixes the ratio of aggregate in compared with narrow.
8. find concrete by mixing minimum aperture in aggregate and the shared of cement mortar according to claim 1 to 2
The method of proportioning, wherein, should be at least equal to using for finding the quantity of experiment model of the minimum aperture in mixing aggregate
The quantity of the unknowm coefficient of mathematical modeling.
9. find coagulation by mixing minimum aperture in aggregate and the shared of cement mortar according to claim 1 to 2 and 8
The method of soil proportioning, wherein, finding the ratio of the mixing aggregate for minimum aperture should repeat until it reaches target confidence
Degree is horizontal.
10. according to claim 1,2,8 and 9 by mix minimum aperture in aggregate and cement mortar it is shared find it is mixed
The method of solidifying soil proportioning, wherein, the ratio for mixing aggregate is by weight or by volume.
11. according to claim 1,2,8 and 9 by mix minimum aperture in aggregate and cement mortar it is shared find it is mixed
The method of solidifying soil proportioning, wherein, the mathematical modeling for single or multiple variables can be each nominal size in aggregate
Any form of optimum value, such as second order or the multinomial of higher order are produced in domain.
12. according to claim 1,2,8 and 9 by mix minimum aperture in aggregate and cement mortar it is shared find it is mixed
The method of solidifying soil proportioning, wherein, the unknowm coefficient of model can be obtained by interpolation technique or regression analysis.
13. it is a kind of according to claim 1 to 2 by mix minimum aperture in aggregate and cement mortar it is shared find it is mixed
The method of solidifying soil proportioning, wherein, will be directed to the space in the mixing aggregate that finds at least twice for every kind of experiment model
The average value of gap value in the mixing aggregate of every kind of experiment model.
14. find concrete by mixing minimum aperture in aggregate and the shared of cement mortar according to claim 1 to 2
The method of proportioning, wherein, the percentage for the mixing aggregate void value of every kind of experiment model should be at least 95.
15. find concrete by mixing minimum aperture in aggregate and the shared of cement mortar according to claim 1 to 2
The method of proportioning, wherein, using the cement mortar coating film at the surface of each nominal size of aggregate amount desired value and
The desired value of the amount of the cement serous coat shared at the contact surface of mixing aggregate.
16. according to claim 1 to 2 and 15 by mix minimum aperture in aggregate and cement mortar it is shared find it is mixed
The method of solidifying soil proportioning, wherein, the desired value of the amount of the cement mortar coating film at the surface of each nominal size of aggregate and
The desired value of the amount of the cement serous coat shared at the contact surface of mixing aggregate is the film according to cement granules size, cement mortar
The statistics or average value of the particle size of each nominal size of thickness and aggregate are calculated.
17. it is a kind of by according to the claim 1 to 2 and 15 by mixing being total to for minimum aperture in aggregate and cement mortar
With the method for finding concrete proportioning, wherein, the amount of the cement mortar coating film at the surface of each nominal size of aggregate
Desired value can be by using cement granules with the desired value of the amount of the film of cement mortar shared at the contact surface of mixing aggregate
The particle size of each nominal size of the actual type of the distribution of size, the film thickness of cement mortar and aggregate is improved.
18. find concrete by mixing minimum aperture in aggregate and the shared of cement mortar according to claim 1 to 2
The method of proportioning, wherein, the lower and upper limit of cement mortar are according to the cement mortar at the surface of each nominal size of aggregate
The desired value and hundred of the desired value of the amount of coating film and the amount of the film of cement mortar shared at the contact surface of mixing aggregate
The desired value of the amount than mixing the cement mortar in the space in aggregate at p is divided to be calculated.
19. according to claim 1 to 2 and 18 by mix minimum aperture in aggregate and cement mortar it is shared find it is mixed
The method of solidifying soil proportioning, wherein, the lower limit of cement mortar is according to the cement mortar bag at the surface of each nominal size of aggregate
The desired value of the amount of overlay film is subtracted mixed plus the desired value of the amount of the cement mortar in the space mixed at percentage p in aggregate
The desired value for closing the amount of the film of the cement mortar shared at the contact surface of aggregate is calculated.
20. according to claim 1 to 2 and 18 by mix minimum aperture in aggregate and cement mortar it is shared find it is mixed
The method of solidifying soil proportioning, wherein, the upper limit of cement mortar is the cement mortar cladding at the surface according to each nominal size of aggregate
The desired value of the amount of film is calculated plus the desired value of the amount of the cement mortar in the space mixed at percentage p in aggregate.
21. the concrete that minimum aperture and cement mortar share in the mixing aggregate according to any one of claim 1 to 20
The method of proportioning, wherein, it should be not less than for main blending for the desired value of the amount of each cement mortar in multiple formulas
The lower limit of the concrete proportioning of material.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| TH1501005751 | 2015-09-23 | ||
| TH1501005751A TH167212A (en) | 2015-09-23 | Method for determining concrete mix with gaps, minimum aggregates and cement paste sharing. | |
| PCT/TH2016/000079 WO2017052481A1 (en) | 2015-09-23 | 2016-09-23 | A method to find concrete mix proportion by minimum void in aggregates and sharing of cement paste |
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| CN113378400A (en) * | 2021-06-25 | 2021-09-10 | 浙江交工集团股份有限公司 | Cement concrete mix proportion design method and system |
| CN114702274A (en) * | 2022-04-21 | 2022-07-05 | 中南大学 | Design method for self-compacting concrete mix proportion |
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| CN117524357B (en) * | 2023-10-13 | 2024-04-26 | 安徽省交通规划设计研究总院股份有限公司 | Method for determining dosage of permeable concrete cementing material |
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