JP3211006B2 - Mixing or adjusting a mixture of powder, granules and water - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a method for preparing a mixture comprising powder, granules and water, and relates to powder, granules (including agglomerates) and water (including those containing a water reducing agent, etc.). Predict or control the rational and accurate fluidity and other physical properties of the mixture consisting of the granules, based on the physical properties inherent to the granules and the fluidity of the powder paste, determine the blending plan, and make appropriate mixing adjustments Things.

[0002]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Powders, granules (including agglomerates) and liquids containing water or water mixed with water-reducing agents (including high-performance water-reducing agents), thickeners and other liquid or soluble additives (Hereinafter typically referred to as water) a technique for determining a blending plan for adjusting a mixture (mortar, concrete, etc.) and predicting and controlling properties before and after curing.

[0003]

2. Description of the Related Art A composite mixture using mortar or concrete or various powders, granular materials (fine aggregates), aggregates (coarse aggregates) and water similar thereto is used for various types of civil engineering,
It is widely used in the construction and various mining industries, etc. For the compounding of such a mixture, the material properties of the above-mentioned mortar and concrete, such as granules and agglomerates, are based on the water absorption rate according to JIS and the unit volume weight of fine aggregate. Is adopted as the absolute dry basis, and it is common to find a planned blend according to the purpose by a statistical method and a lot of trial kneading. Even when additives and fiber materials are appropriately added, basically Are the same relationship.

[0004] In such a conventional general technical state, the present inventors clarify the causal relationship between the change in the physical properties of mortar or concrete and the material properties, and establish a scientific and quantitative method of mixing and designing. The following basic proposals were made for the purpose. JP-A-59-131164 JP-A-60-139407 JP-A-62-121360 JP-A-63-284469 JP-A-63-314465 JP-A-1-249306

That is, the present invention relates to a test measurement method for quantifying adsorbed water on the surface of fine aggregate used for concrete or mortar, or to a series of methods and devices for adjusting a mixture using such test measurement results. Regarding such particles or water adhering to the surface of the powder, the water suspended between the particles by capillary action and the water adsorbed on the surface of the particles are considered separately, and the latter is quantitatively determined. It is intended to test and measure efficiently, and moreover, it is possible to efficiently measure a plurality of samples under the same centrifugal force condition, and the adjustment of concrete and mortar as described above is the same as in the past It is understood that water is understood, what is grasped is classified and understood, and the measurement results can be obtained quantitatively in response to each condition. Those that its kneading, tighten the results adjusted on breakthrough improvement since it.

It is also clear that the fluidity of such a mixture is an important factor in terms of moldability or fillability, and the measurement of such fluidity is based on JISR520.
In No. 1, measurement of a flow value is specified as a method for testing physical properties of cement. That is, the fluidity of the above mixture is determined on a flow table as its developed diameter or area.

[0007]

It is well known that physical properties such as separation breathing property, workability, pumpability, compaction property, etc. are necessary in the systematic adjustment of the various kneaded materials as described above. As described above, the properties of the obtained kneaded material generally vary variously even when the water cement ratio and the sand cement ratio are the same. Furthermore, in order to form such a kneaded product densely, it is common to add vibration or other consolidation treatment. However, during such vibration or other consolidation treatment, the behavior or change of the kneaded material is measured in the same manner as specified in JIS. In most cases, the values are significantly different. When concrete is cast into a thick layer or concrete is cast and filled with a vertical formwork, the appearance of the cast and filled ready-mixed concrete or mortar varies in various ways.

Further, the present inventors divided the compounding water for kneading, uniformly adhered a part of the water to the fine aggregate, and then added cement to perform primary kneading, or Are mixed in a state where an appropriate amount of water has been added thereto, and then sand is added to perform primary kneading, and then the remaining water is added to perform secondary kneading, so that brazing and separation are reduced.
In addition, we obtain excellent kneaded materials in workability,
In addition, we have developed an advantageous technology that can significantly increase the strength and other properties of the molded product obtained under the same compounding conditions and have gained a good reputation in the industry.However, even if such a new technology is adopted, the fine aggregate differs. Thus, the degree of the various effects as described above in the kneaded material specifically obtained varies variously.

In the prior art proposed by the present inventors in order to solve such a problem, not only is the adsorbent on the particle surface separated from the adsorbent, but also the adsorbent is quantitatively determined with respect to the adsorbent. This is a very effective method. However, when specific measurements were made on this technology and the results were used to examine the details of numerous adjustments made to concrete and mortar, the accuracy of the adjustment of each mortar and concrete, etc. The tendency which cannot have it was recognized. That is, according to these experimental results, it is necessary to ensure mutual interference between aggregates such as fine aggregates and powder (fitting between cement and aggregate) and control of aggregates (including fine aggregates). Is not easy. In other words, the surface roughness, material, shape, surface adsorption power, etc. of these materials can not be clarified by the conventional JIS regulations etc. The properties of aggregates include the separation breathing property, workability, pumping property, compaction property of concrete and mortar, etc. It is presumed to be greatly involved, but there is a need for further elucidation of such a relationship to improve the accuracy for obtaining a reasonable kneaded material.

[0010]

DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned circumstances and has been devised in view of the above circumstances. The square of the flow value of this kind of mixture (such as mortar) is determined by the water cement ratio (W / C), and it is confirmed that this relationship has a rule under a constant condition of sand-cement ratio (S / C), and furthermore, a minimum water amount is obtained for a constant S / C and required fluidity. It can be predicted that the blending or the blending with the minimum cement amount for the fluidity required with constant W / C can be predicted, and the relationship between W / C and S / C showing uniform flow is determined with high accuracy as a quadratic equation. Know what you get,
In addition, based on these results, the analysis of the uniform flow blended mixture was repeated, and the fluidity was specified without the need for experiments on the mixture based on the characteristic values of the specific material such as the law of blending and fluidity. It was successful in obtaining the predicted compounding value, which is as follows.

(1) In preparing a mixture consisting of powder, granules and water, the fluidity of each of the powder, the powder made of water, and a plurality of mixtures having different water ratios is measured by a flow table. Then, the correlation between these measured values is determined by the following quadratic equation to determine a uniform flow uniform blending system having a limit value, and the mixture having the desired fluidity is selected from the uniform flow uniform blending system. A method for blending or adjusting a mixture comprising powder, granules and water, characterized by the following. W / C = A ₀ + A ₁ · (S / C) + A ₂ · (S / C) ² The coefficients A ₀ , A ₁ and A ₂ in the above equation are related to the flow area (SFL), and Is represented as A ₀ = K ₀₀ + K ₁₀ × SFL A ₁ = K ₀₁ + K ₁₁ × SFL A ₂ = K ₀₂ + K ₁₂ × SFL

(2) In preparing a mixture with powder, granules and water, in a blending system in which the ratio of powder to granules is constant with uniform flow, the unit volume of the granules in water is most closely packed. The free water average film thickness of the granules obtained by dividing the void free water ratio obtained by subtracting the volume of the granules by the relative total surface area of the granules, and the basic flowing water in the mixture divided by the fine particle volume of the granules Utilizing a linear proportional relationship passing through the origin that is established with the fine particle volume concentration obtained, the fluidity of the mixture and the physical properties of the strength are predicted by the inherent characteristic values of the granules and the flow characteristic values of the powder paste. And a method for blending and adjusting a mixture comprising powder, granules and water, wherein the blending conditions of the mixture are determined.

(3) In mixing or adjusting the mixture according to the above item (1) or (2), a powder characterized by adding and mixing gravel and other lumps as granules. Or a method for blending or adjusting a mixture comprising water, granules and water.

(4) In blending or adjusting the mixture described in the above items (1) to (3), it is necessary to obtain a plurality of respective mixtures each having a different powder / particle ratio. A mixture comprising powder, granules and water, wherein water is mixed to obtain the same powder and water ratio, a part of which is added and firstly mixed, and the remainder is added and secondarily mixed. Formulation or adjustment method.

[0015]

In preparing a mixture of powder, granules and water, the fluidity of a mixture of powder and water and a plurality of mixtures having different water ratios is measured using a flow table. Is determined by a quadratic equation to determine an isofluid blending system having a limit value.

A mixture having the desired fluidity is appropriately selected and adjusted by the uniform flow uniform blending system as described above.

In the blending system in which the ratio of powder to granules is constant as described above, a substantial void free water ratio is obtained by subtracting the volume of the granules from the unit volume of the granules in the closest packing in water. Is obtained by dividing the average water thickness of the granules by the relative total surface area of the granules and the fine particle volume concentration obtained by dividing the basic flowing water in the mixture by the fine powder volume of the granules. Can be

Using the linear proportional relationship, the respective coefficients in the quadratic equation of the uniform flow unified blending system are determined from the inherent characteristic values of the granules and the fluidity of the powder paste. The properties of properties and strength are predicted, and the blending conditions of the mixture are determined by such prediction.

By mixing and adding gravel and other lumps as granules, the mixing conditions of concrete are determined according to the above relationship.

In order to obtain a plurality of mixtures each having a different powder / particle ratio, water having the same powder / water ratio is divided, and the mixture is firstly mixed with a part of the water and the remainder is added. Regarding the split kneading for preparing a mixture having excellent physical properties by performing the subsequent mixing, the blending conditions of the mixture can be advantageously determined.

[0021]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention as described above will now be further described. The present inventors have obtained a mixture of granules such as sand, powder such as cement and water as described above by blending and kneading. Precisely predict the properties and the like of the mixture or the product formed by the mixture, determine an appropriate blending design or analyze the planned blending conditions to plan or adjust a reasonable mixture, and furthermore, We made many practical studies and made inferences on what to obtain (hereinafter collectively referred to as adjustment method).

That is, many studies and studies have been made on such a mixture in various fields in the past.
Although various regulations and standard indications have been shown in the Japan Society of Civil Engineers and JIS standards for site formulation, etc., they define the upper or lower limit or define a fairly wide range with sufficient safety. As described above, what should ultimately be determined by trial mixing is described in various documents. However, the difficulty and irrationality of this trial work are clear as described above.

The present inventor has studied to overcome such a situation, and as a result, various kinds of sand or granular slag, natural or artificial, as described above, have been adjusted to have a standard particle size composition of the sand. Regarding a mixture using glass beads or other granules, powder such as cement, and water, fine aggregates having a skeletal structure or function in the mixture, that is, fine aggregates prepared to elucidate the actual state of the granules Means mountain sand (A), river sand (B), crushed sand (C), river sand (D),
Mountain sand (E) and crushed sand (F) 0.6 obtained by cutting 0.6 mm or less from this crushed sand (F) and glass ball sand. Eight types of these fine aggregates are specified in JIS. These are as shown in Table 1.

[0024]

[Table 1]

Further, with respect to these fine aggregates, apparent specific gravity, absolute dry bulk specific gravity S max, and unit volume weight in water (bulk specific gravity:
Swmax and absolutely dry porosity ε _D , porosity in water ε _W and substantial porosity ε β [ε β = (1-Sw
max / ρ _SD + Sw max · β / 100) / 1000) × 10
0 (where β is the limiting relative adsorbed water rate for fine aggregate)] is as shown in Table 2 below.

[0026]

[Number 1] εβ = (1- (Sw max / ρ SD + Sw max × β / 100) / 1000) × 100 where beta: limit relative adsorption ratio of water fine aggregate (%) ρ _SD: apparent specific gravity (g / Cm ³ ) D _S / (1 + Q / 100) ρ _SD = ────────────────── ｛1-(D _S · Q / 100) / (1 + Q / 100) } D _S:-dry specific gravity of fine aggregate calculated by ^{JIS A1109 (g / cm 3)} Q: water absorption of fine aggregate calculated by JIS A1109 (%) Note bone dry porosity epsilon _D and described above Porosity ε _{W in} water
Is expressed as an equation as follows. ε _D = (1− (Smax / ρ _SD ) / 1000) × 100 Smax: Unit weight (kg / liter) measured according to JIS A1104 ε _W = ((1− (Sw max / ρ _SD ) / 1000) × 100

[0027]

[Table 2]

The fine aggregate obtained by kneading and adjusting the mortar using the fine aggregates described above, together with the paste (S / C = 0) made of only the powder used, and the fluidity (FL)
The result of the measurement shows that the fluidity of the sand-cement ratio (S / C) is low and the fluidity increases almost orderly as the W / C increases, whereas that of S / C of 5 or more It was confirmed that the ascent was disturbed. That is, as an example, paste (S / C = 0) and mortar (S / C = 1-6) prepared using the crushed sand (C) shown in Tables 1 and 2 described above.
FIG. 1 summarizes the relationship between the W / C and the FL value with respect to FIG. 1 and shows that the relationship up to S / C = 3 shows a completely orderly rising relationship, whereas S / C = 4
It was found that slight disturbance was recognized in the case of S / C = 6, and that the case of S / C = 6 was considerably disturbed, and it was impossible to obtain an orderly curve.

The results shown in FIG. 1 are defined as SFL (cm ² ), where the FL value on the vertical axis is the developed area, and
Measurement regression in / C and W / C = A ₀ + A ₁ · SFL,
A ₀ = B ₀ + B ₁ · (S / C), A ₁ = C ₀ · e
The relationship with the calculated value obtained from the regression coefficient by ^{(Cl.S / C)} is B
The mortar flow state diagram shown in FIG. 2 is shown as ₁ · (S / C) = 3.92, where the vertical axis is the mortar flow area SFL and the horizontal axis is W / C, as described above. After plotting the values, each S / C is connected by a straight line. That is, according to FIG. 2, the vertical axis indicates the flow area SFL, which can be shown as a straight line on the chart. However, in FIG. 2, there is a difference between the result based on the actually measured value and the result based on the calculated value. Is S / C = 1.96, S / C = 2.9
It is clear in any of the four cases. In other words, it can be said that the A ₁ term that determines the gradient of the prediction line based on the calculated value substantially coincides, but the A ₁ term that determines the W / C value at the point of SFL = 0.
_{The 0} term is different in each S / C.

Therefore, for the fine aggregates (A) to (C) described above, the actual regression equation lines (FIG. 2) obtained by actual measurement using ordinary Portland cement and those obtained by adding fly ash to medium heat cement. A ₀ (A _OJ ) of the case of the dotted line and four arbitrary measured values (S / C = 0.98)
When the ratio of the 3.92 of W / C and SFL: Value A ₀ that is predicted from the 2 Ten'ate) (A _OK) was calculated by the correction ratio to below, indicating the relationship between the S / C As shown in FIG.

[0031]

(Equation 2)

However, S / C = 0.98 of the measured values and
3.92 W / C and SFL values at any two points (total 4 points)
), The coefficients B ₀ , B ₁ , C ₀ , C ₁ for the above mixture (crushed sand mortar) are calculated, A ₀ , A ₁ of the above equation is calculated, the equation is determined, and a prediction line is drawn. The result is a broken line in FIG. 2, and a slight difference from the actual measurement of S / C = 1.96, 2.94, 5.88 was observed.

Similarly, for each mixture (mortar) using mountain sand A, river sand B and crushed sand C shown in Tables 1 and 2, the degree of deviation (correction ratio) between the actually measured value and the predicted line is calculated for each S / S.
FIG. 3 is a plot for each C, but is not uniform. That is, the correction ratio changes depending on each S / C, and particularly, the S / C
In the vicinity of C = 6, the aspect of the change is different, and it varies considerably depending on the fine aggregate and powder used.

Therefore, with respect to the fine aggregate C, the W / W ratio in each S / C indicating the uniform flowability, that is, the uniform flow value (FL) or the uniform flow area (SFL) obtained therefrom.
FIG. 4 is a plot of the value of C, and the relationship is that any equal flow value (FL) or equal flow area (SFL)
Is also found to be a quadratic equation of S / C, and the general equation can be expressed as follows.

[0035]

(Equation 3)

In other words, according to the above equation (2), the fluidity of several types of mortars including pastes in which the S / C and W / C were changed was measured by a flow test, and the experimental coefficient was determined. Then, the flow values of all the formulations within a certain range can be accurately predicted.

Although FIG. 4 shows a substantially orderly relationship up to S / C = 4, it deviates when the S / C is close to 5.88 and 6. The vertical axis is SFL (cm ² ) as in the case of FIG. 2 described above, and the relationship between the value obtained from the quadratic regression equation and the actual regression in each S / C (the general equation of W / C) Is the same as above), as shown in FIG. 5. In the range of S / C = 0 to 4, although the calculated value by the quadratic regression equation and the value of the actual regression substantially match, S / C = 5.
In the case of 88, it is still slightly shifted. Note that the broken line in FIG. 5 indicates the W / C and SFL values (S / C) at arbitrary two points of S / C = 0.98 and 3.92 among the actually measured values.
6 points including the case of C = 0) and the coefficients K ₀₀ , K ₁₀ ,
K ₁₁ , K ₀₂ , and K ₁₂ are obtained, and the coefficients A ₀ ,
A ₁ and A ₂ are calculated and the formulas are determined, and are prediction lines, which substantially match actual measurement lines.

Further, similarly to the case shown in FIG. 5, a mixture using the fine aggregate (B) shown in Tables 1 and 2 as the fine aggregate is as shown in FIG. Similar to FIG. 5, but the shifted state is somewhat different. That is, it has been known that the states of FIGS. 5 and 6 are less shifted than the state of FIG. 2 described above, but are inevitably shifted when the S / C is about 6.

The above-described ones up to FIG. 6 are all the case of the batch kneading generally used conventionally, but separately from the above, the divided kneading method (mixed water is used in one unit) developed by the present inventor. Next, the mixture is divided into secondary and secondary water, uniformly attached to the fine aggregate to the primary water, then cement powder is added and mixed to form a shell, then secondary water is added and mixed again). FIG. 7 summarizes the results of adjustment using the fine aggregate (D) shown in Tables 1 and 2, and in this case, S / C = 5.76, which is close to 6. Are almost consistent with each other.

FIG. 8 shows the relationship between SFL and W / C using plain mortar and mortar with a water reducing agent similarly measured using crushed sand different from those shown in FIGS. In this case as well, it is clear that the S / C has a substantially consistent relationship in the range of 0 to 4, and it has been confirmed that the S / C does not vary depending on the additive. The upper and lower dashed lines in FIG.
It shows the measurement limit in the flow table according to S regulations.

The relationship shown in FIGS. 5 to 8 relating to the above-described plain or water-containing, or batch kneading and split kneading is the same between S / C and W / C having equal fluidity.
It is clear that the following relationship is established. Therefore, the blending value of the equal fluidity can be predicted and calculated, and the equal fluid blending state diagrams as shown in FIGS. 9 and 10 can be created.

That is, the equal flow mixing state diagram adopted for the above-mentioned mixture (mortar) to be properly elucidated by the present inventors is as shown in FIGS. 9 and 10, wherein the unit volume of the mortar is as follows. Per volume of water W, cement C and fine aggregate S per cement paste (C +
From W: left end position in the drawing), the amount of fine aggregate is gradually increased, and all the blending amounts can be illustrated from the unit volume of water in the fine aggregate only (right end in the drawing) in water. In other words, the horizontal axis is the particle spacing of fine aggregate, the loosening rate [psi _S, is obtained taking the absolute volume of fine aggregate, cement, water on the vertical axis. 1m of each material
Volume amount occupied per ³ (liters / m ^3), a value obtained by dividing the Sw max the absolute dry weight of fine aggregate included in the mixture 1
This is shown in relation to a value Ψ _S (loose rate) subtracted from the above, and the slack rate Ψ _S can be expressed as the following equation (3).

[0043]

(Equation 4)

FIG. 9 is a diagram showing the uniform flow composition of mortar based on a cement paste having a flow value (FL) of 100 mm, which is the lower limit of measurement in the flow according to JIS. It is shown that the point of about 610 liters for the amount (C) and about 390 liters for water (W) is the origin (P100). This C:
The point of 610 liters and W: 390 liters is a flow value of 100 mm obtained from the cement paste flow area (S _FL ) and the theoretical value of W / C in the mortar flow diagram described above.
And W / C of about 20%. This point is due to the fact that the cement paste was approximately 200 G
This corresponds to a water content when dehydrated by the centrifugal force of the above, and substantially coincides with a point of about 200 G at which the adsorbed water rate of the fine aggregate becomes constant in the centrifugal force test of the fine aggregate using powder as a medium. Therefore, this point can be considered as the origin of the adsorbed water rate α constrained by the cement, and can be set as the limit adsorbed water rate α _{0 of the} cement.

In contrast to FIG. 9, FIG. 10 shows a mortar isofluid blending state diagram based on a cement paste having a flow value of 300 mm. The paste in the state diagram of FIG. ) Is about 410
The origin P is the point where the water (W) is about 590 liters
300 is shown. The point of 410 liters of C and 590 liters of W is a point of about 45% of W / C, which is a theoretical blending value indicating the upper limit of the measurement of 300 mm in a general flow table. Also, W / C about 4
The 5% paste appears to be a compounding limit for ordinary Portland cement. That is, as the W / C of the paste is increased, the breathing rate gradually increases,
According to the internal breathing test, when the W / C becomes about 45%, even if water is further added, almost all of the input water becomes breathing water, and about 45% W / C is considered to be the water retention limit of Portland cement.

As a result of the above, it is recognized that the port cement paste has uniform fluidity in the range of 20 to 45% from the viewpoint of fluidity and water retention.
Also, so that the flow gradient alpha _F Tosureba following formula liquidity SFL and W / C of the relationship cement paste of cement paste than the flow state diagram of mortar 5-8 described above.

[0047]

(Equation 5)

[0048] The blending state of the fine aggregate, 9 mentioned above, in FIG. 10, [psi _s is 0 (shown on the far right) shows a quantitative characteristic value of the newly finding fine aggregate, each The symbols are as follows.

[0049]

(Equation 6)

In the uniform flow mortar composition diagram shown in FIG. 9, the FL100 uniform fluid blend amount obtained from the mortar fluid phase diagram by the quadratic equation is obtained from W / C and S / C, and the blending of each material is performed. The quantities are shown below.

1) As the fine aggregate (S) increases, the S _{w max} on the Ψ _s 0 line from the zero point of the volume of Ψ _s 100 (that is, only cement with 0 of the fine aggregate) is increased as the S / C increases. It changes linearly toward a point. (Β), (β _1im ), (Q ₀ ),
The S _1v amount also changes in proportion to this.

[0052] 2) the amount of cement C _K is, FL100 in [psi _s 100 line shown leftmost in accordance S / C is increased
From the point (P100), the lower right end Ψ _s 0 and fine aggregate S are 0
Draw a curve toward the point of, form the lowest point of the amount of cement,
It reaches the limit blending line (1) in the unified blending of this fine aggregate.

3) The solid content (C _v + S _v ) is drawn as the S / C becomes larger than the above-mentioned point P100, and after passing through the maximum (C _v + S _v ) value, that is, the minimum point of the unit water amount, The curvature sharply changes and decreases, and reaches the blending limit line (1) described above.

4) In the blending state of the uniform flow FL 100 shown in FIG. 9, 100 (S) starting from the point P100
_v + _Cv ) The upper part of the curve is the unit water amount required to impart the uniform flow.

Conventionally, when a fine aggregate in a dry state is mixed with a cement paste having a constant W / C, the water required for the flow in the paste is absorbed by the fine aggregate, so that the fluidity is deteriorated. There is a concept of the water absorption rate, and therefore, to determine the water absorption rate (JIS water absorption rate) that is unique to the fine aggregate, prepare the fine aggregate in a surface dry state, measure it with a flow cone, and dry it in a completely dry state Measurements are taken from these differences. In addition, regarding the change of the unit water amount of the isofluid mortar, a quantitative theory has not yet been established.

On the other hand, according to FIG. 9, which is a diagram of the uniform flow mixing of the FL100, the function of the mixing water can be classified and quantitatively specified as follows.

[0057]

(Equation 7)

With the above-mentioned relationship, the equal fluidity mortar has "basic fluidized water (free water of fine aggregate)" which is not in the conventional concept, and the degree of the basic fluidized water depends on the physical properties of the mortar, It has been known to have a definitive position, especially in terms of workability.

[0059] According to an equal flow blending state diagram of the flow 300 of Figure 10, the cement paste, [psi _s 100, FL30
300 · C _V and 30 from the point P · 300 of 0
0 (C _v + S _v ) corresponds to P · 10 in FIG.
0 substantially parallel and although the unit cement amount nadir and unit water lowest point on each curve as a base point Formulation limit line (2) ... (2)] is shifted to larger [psi _s .

The limit adsorbed water α ₀ restricted by the cement is
· C ₃₀₀ is present on the lower chart in substantially parallel to the limit adsorbed water alpha ₀ · C ₁₀₀ curves in the flow 100. The curve α ₀ · C ₃₀₀ and the water amount C _FW surrounded by the 300 (C _v + S _v ) line are unit water amounts that determine the flowability of the cement paste in the mortar and form the mortar flow value.

Therefore, each material of the unit volume in each composition is as follows.

[0062]

(Equation 8)

[0063] If the unit amount of water required to flow and free water W _F,

[0064]

(Equation 9)

[0065] next, the sum of free water W _F is free water paste determined by the nature of the powder C _FW, and free water fine aggregate determined by the physical properties of the fine aggregate (Basic streaming water) S _FW, To accurately determine the physical properties of mortar, such as fluidity and breathing.

An orderly relationship is confirmed for the state of the adsorbed water of the fine aggregate. That is, using a well-dispersed bone dry fine aggregate,
After dewatering mortar having a constant water / powder ratio in which the fine aggregate / powder ratio is changed under a given dehydration treatment condition, the water retention of the mortar has a constant and orderly relationship regardless of the treatment condition. Was confirmed to be adopted.

That is, as an example, crushed sand having a coarse particle ratio of 2.40, a water absorption ratio Q of 1.03%, and an actual product ratio of 67.9% was used, and the water / powder ratio was constant as described above. Adjust the mortar in various ways,
FIG. 11 is a plot of the results of the dehydration treatment by the centrifugal force method, the pressure difference method and the internal breathing method, in which the water retention ratio W _Z / C of the mortar is plotted on the vertical axis and S / C is plotted on the horizontal axis. In any of the dehydration processes, orderly linear gradients based on the angles θ ₁ , θ ₂ and θ ₃ can be obtained. This gradient is the relative adsorption water ratio beta _A fine aggregate from the surface of the fine aggregate is adsorbed water to restrain.

That is, even if the above β _A is the same aggregate,
It varies depending on the powder material, specific surface area, dehydration strength, etc., but has a rule under certain conditions. For example, in the case of centrifugal dehydration, β _A is substantially constant regardless of the strength of centrifugal force and the processing time for about 200 G or more and 10 minutes or more, and a pressure difference of 0.5 kg / cm ² or more in the pressure difference method. When a processing time of 15 minutes or more is taken, the state becomes substantially constant. Similarly, in the internal breathing method, it becomes substantially constant at 1.5 hours or more.

In the case of FIG. 1, the centrifugal force method is 438G, 3
0 minutes, the pressure difference method is 0.6 kg / cm ² for 20 minutes, and the internal breathing method is based on the results of 2 hours. The correlation coefficients based on θ ₁ , θ ₂ , and θ ₃ are the centrifugal force method and the pressure coefficient. The difference method was 0.993, and the internal breathing method was 0.982, and it was confirmed that both methods could be used sufficiently. That is intended to determine the beta _A employ any such methods as appropriate.

The above-mentioned adsorbed water phase diagram of the fine aggregate is obtained by sieving the finely dispersed fine aggregate to obtain several types of fine aggregates. Samples with different M were prepared, and the limit adsorption water rate β was measured for each sample, and this was taken as the vertical axis. Each sample was sieved, and the surface area of the sample was calculated as a sphere for each sieve. The sum of the objects (Sm) can be plotted on the horizontal axis as shown in FIG. According to this, as the surface area (Sm) increases, β increases linearly, and a constant β value also occurs at the Y-fold piece having a surface area of 0, which indicates the water absorption rate inside the fine aggregate. This is defined as the water absorption rate Q _{0 in the} opening (corresponding to the conventional JIS water absorption rate). At this time, tan θ is the shape factor β _K of the fine aggregate. Therefore

[0071]

(Equation 10)

There is the following relationship. This β _1im is a surface-adsorbed water, which is an unconventional concept, and is a surface-adsorbed water restrained by fine aggregate.

The relative total surface area of the fine aggregate was determined based on the assumption that the water absorption rate Q ₀ inside the pores falls within the volume of the fine aggregate, and Sm was determined by regarding the fine aggregate sieved as described above as a sphere. Although the surface area, where considered adsorbed water on the composition of the rocks fall into Q _0, when a constant limit surface thickness of the adsorbed water adsorbed on the surface of the fine aggregate, surface adsorption water ratio beta _HM material Regardless of the surface area of the fine aggregate. Therefore, the cube root of the surface adsorption rate β _1im is the critical surface adsorbed water thickness.

When the surface adsorbed water ratio is measured with the surface area of a glass sphere close to a true sphere being known, the third root is the critical surface adsorbed water thickness. Therefore, if the surface area of the glass sphere having the same Sm as the surface area Sm of the sieved fine aggregate as a sphere is defined as the standard surface area, there is a difference between the two.

[0075]

[Equation 11]

There is the following relationship. S _mH is the relative total surface area per unit volume of fine aggregate. In this example, the calculation was performed with β _K of the standard surface area being 0.001.

The present inventors have reported that the coarse grain ratio F.S. M from 1.53
3.5, various fine aggregate tests, such as underwater close-packed unit weight test, and centrifugation using Portland cement as a powder, using more than 10 types of crushed sand and river sand with a porosity in the range of 32.7 to 40.7. As a result of each adsorption phase diagram creation test and the flow phase diagram creation test with mortar using the same fine aggregate and cement by force, the compounding state of each fine aggregate and mortar was obtained and analyzed as follows. Discovered a law. In addition, a technique was established that could predict the uniform flow of mortar by applying these factors.

(A) There is a flow law between the fine aggregate and the mortar as shown in FIG. In other words, when the fine aggregate / cement ratio is constant in a certain range of uniform flow mortar, the ratio of the free water average film thickness rHβ (εβ / S _mH ) of the fine aggregate to the basic fluidized water fine particle volume ratio (S _FW / S _1V) ) Has a linear proportional relationship passing through the origin, and forms a flow coefficient δ ₀ as in the following equation.
Flow law between fine aggregate and mortar.

[0079]

(Equation 12)

In the above equation, the conditions are as follows. Note: Uniform flow mortar within a certain range; mortar of uniform blending type, that is, mortar falling within the range of quadratic formula, the following are considered out of range. B) Separated mortar b), a chemical reaction between fine aggregate and cement paste c) c) a specific gravity that is large enough to affect the flow area when dropped 15 times in a flow test Mortars or materials outside the range of large fine aggregates, such as fine aggregates, which significantly affect the flow test, such as fine aggregates, can be used by setting a correction factor, or should be treated out of range completely. There is. * Average free water thickness of fine aggregate, rHβ (εβ / S _mH )
Is obtained by subtracting the volume of the fine aggregate and the adsorbed water β from the closest packing of the fine aggregate in water, and dividing the void free water rate εβ of the fine aggregate by the relative total surface area S _mH of the fine aggregate. value. Note: The basic fluidized water fine particle volume ratio (S _FW / S _1V ) is a part of the free water in the mortar, and includes the basic fluidized water S _FW related to the fine aggregate and the adsorbed water β of the fine aggregate. Value divided by fine particle volume S _1v . (In the embodiment, the fine aggregate is 0.15 mm or less.) For example, substantially the same result can be obtained by setting the maximum diameter of the fine aggregate to 0.1 to 0.6 mm.

The flow coefficient δ ₀ as described above is linearly proportional to the flow area SFL as evident in FIG. 14 and the like, and the linear δ _F and K are linearly proportional to the surface area of sand and cement. As shown in FIGS. 15 and 16,
The coefficients _δm1 , _δm2 , _δm3 , _δm4 are obtained. Although FIGS. 15 and 16 show the case of batch kneading using ordinary Portland cement, the same can be obtained in the case where other cements are used and the split kneading or other kneading methods are employed.

From the above-mentioned equi-fluid blending state diagram, 10
The amount of each material of the 00 liter mortar is as follows.

[0083]

(Equation 13)

That is, when this is developed and arranged, it becomes a quadratic equation, which is referred to as an empirical equation, and the predicted mixture is determined only by the material characteristic values.

Note that, even if the relative total surface area is analyzed and developed in the same way as the fine particle surface area (S _mH1 ) as shown in FIG. 17 instead of FIG. 13, the Y intercept A in FIG. A predictive recipe for the degree is determined.

The specific examples of adjustment of the present invention will be described. The physical properties of fine aggregate used by the present inventors are as shown in Table 3 below.

[0087]

[Table 3]

Using the above-mentioned crushed sand and river sand and ordinary Portland cement, preparing mortars of various compositions, and applying the theoretical calculation lines obtained by the theoretical calculation separately according to the method of the present invention as described above. FIG. 18, FIG. 19 and FIG. 20 plot the relationship between the SFL and the W / C value of each mortar prepared as described above.

That is, FIG. 18 shows the results of the mortar using the crushed sand shown in Table 3, but the measured values of those other than S / C = 6 almost coincide with the theoretical calculation lines. According to such a chart, it is known that the characteristics of any mortar made of the crushed sand and the Portland cement can be predicted approximately accurately at least up to S / C = 4, and the desired mortar can be obtained accurately.

FIG. 19 shows the measured values obtained by preparing various mortars by batch kneading in the same manner as in FIG. 18 for the mortar using the river sand (C) shown in Table 3 above, and applying the theoretical calculation line. In this case, the measured values almost coincide with the theoretical calculation line are obtained up to S / C = 3, and even in the case of S / C = 4, almost the theoretical calculation line is obtained. It has been known that the characteristic value can be predicted almost exactly as in the case of FIG.

Further, FIG. 20 shows the measured values obtained by preparing various mortars by batch kneading in the same manner as in FIGS. In this case, the measured values almost coincide with the theoretical calculation line are obtained up to S / C = 4, and in FIG. 18 except for the case of S / C = 6. It is known that the characteristic value can be predicted approximately exactly as in the case of (1).

Using the crushed sand (B) shown in Table 3 above, a coarse aggregate (G) having a size of 20 mm or less is blended with the sand, and ordinary portland cement and sand cement with S / C = 2.75 which minimizes the unit water amount are used. The concrete was adjusted according to the ratio and the amount of water at which the mortar flowability was 230 mm. The result of measuring the breathing rate for the obtained concrete,
2.90% for Ψ _G = 50, 1.9 for Ψ _G = 40
9%, a 1.50% in [psi _G = 30, comparing the S / C, which was 230mm fluidity of 1.0-2.0 or 3.0-4.0 Toshikatsu mortar than the above At least a half compared to the breathing rate of 3.11 to 4.78% in the example.
It has been known that the following can be reduced.

As described above, it is known that the minimum unit water amount S / C having equal fluidity due to the crushed sand (B) is 2.75, and by using this, concrete excellent in quality can be obtained. since revealed, specific needs fluidity as concrete (concrete flow value, etc.) is suitably obtained by choosing [psi _G in unit water minimum S / C as described above. That is, を 得_G for obtaining concrete with a concrete flow value of 500 mm is 46
% And it asked, breathing rate was carried out by the [psi _G is any of workability and durability at 2.5% was able to obtain a good concrete.

Even when the concrete flow value is required to be 600 mm, since the minimum S / C of the unit water having uniform fluidity by the crushed sand (B) is 2.75, the S / C is not required. under conditions, [psi _G for obtaining the concrete flow value 600mm becomes to be identified as about 60%, a breathing rate of 4.8% was performed by the [psi _G 60%, workability, durability It was confirmed that all the properties were good.

[0095] The [psi _G when further concrete flow value by crushed sand (B) and the coarse aggregate and ordinary Portland cement as described above to obtain a 400mm concrete 31
% And asked, breathing rate in when adjusting the concrete by the [psi _G is workability 1.5%, durability was highest state in the conditions.

That is, according to the concrete example, the balance of gravel: sand is conventionally determined, and the unit water amount is changed in the gravel: sand balance.
In order to obtain the desired concrete by selecting the fluidity of the concrete, in this case, the unit water volume is not the minimum with respect to the desired fluidity, and the bleeding rate is 程_G breathing rate even with the same [psi _G conditions as showing a high value by higher is a 2 to 2.5 times that of commonly present invention, the quality inevitably resulting concrete (durability) However, in the case of the present invention, the workability and the characteristics of the concrete were always elucidated and predicted, and it was confirmed that concrete with very little deviation from the predicted values was obtained.

[0097]

According to the present invention as described above, accurate flowability and other physical properties are predicted or controlled with respect to this kind of mixture of powders such as cements, sand and other granules, and water. It is an invention that can appropriately determine the design and plan and always adjust the mixture in the best condition under given conditions, and is industrially highly effective.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a chart showing the relationship between W / C and flow value of crushed sand mortar.

FIG. 2 shows values obtained from regression coefficients of FIG. 1 and respective S / C values.
5 is a table showing the relationship between the actual measurement regression and the flow area in FIG.

FIG. 3 is a table showing a relationship between a correction ratio of a combination function formula and S / C.

FIG. 4 is a chart showing a relationship between equal flows W / C and S / C of crushed sand.

FIG. 5 is a table showing a relationship between a value obtained by a quadratic regression equation and actual measurement regression in each S / C.

FIG. 6 is a table showing a relationship between a value obtained by a quadratic regression equation and actual measurement regression in each S / C in a case of batch kneading.

FIG. 7 is a table showing the same relationship as in FIG. 6 in the case of divided kneading.

FIG. 8 is a flow diagram for plain and water reducing agent added mortar.

FIG. 9 is a phase diagram of a uniform-flow unified blending mortar for a flow value of 100 mm.

FIG. 10 is a phase diagram of an equal-flow unified blending mortar similar to FIG. 9 when the flow value is 300 mm.

FIG. 11 is a drawing showing the relationship between W _Z / C and S / C.

FIG. 12 is an adsorption state diagram in relation to a specific surface area of fine aggregate.

FIG. 13 is a chart showing the relationship between the basic fluidized water fine particle volume ratio and the free water average film thickness.

FIG. 14 shows the flow area (SFL) and δ at each S / C.
₉ is a table showing a relationship with ₀ .

FIG. 15 is a table showing a relationship between a coefficient K and S / C.

FIG. 16 is a chart showing the relationship between δ _F and S / C.

FIG. 17 is a chart obtained by similarly analyzing the relative total surface area as the surface area of fine particles instead of FIG.

FIG. 18 is a flow diagram showing the relationship between measured values of mortar using crushed sand and theoretical calculation lines.

FIG. 19 is a flow diagram showing the relationship between measured values of mortar using river sand (C) in Table 3 and theoretical calculation lines.

FIG. 20 is a table showing the relationship between measured values obtained by batch kneading of each mortar using river sand (D) in Table 3 and theoretical calculation lines.

──────────────────────────────────────────────────の Continuing from the front page (72) Inventor Kazumasa Ozawa 3-5-7-701 Honkomagome, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo (72) Inventor Satoshi Kadokura 4-5-24-405 Konandai, Konan-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa Prefecture ( 56) References JP-A-59-13164 (JP, A) JP-A-60-139407 (JP, A) JP-A-62-121360 (JP, A) JP-A-63-284469 (JP, A) 63-314465 (JP, A) JP-A-1-249306 (JP, A) (58) Fields investigated (Int. Cl. ⁷ , DB name) B28C 5/00 B28C 7/02

Claims (4)

(57) [Claims] In preparing a mixture consisting of powder, granules and water, the fluidity of each of the powder, the powder of water, and a plurality of mixtures having different water ratios is measured using a flow table. The correlation between these measured values is determined by the following quadratic equation to determine a uniform flow unified blending system having a limit value, and that the mixture having the desired fluidity is selected from the uniform flowing unified blending system. A method of blending or adjusting a mixture comprising a characteristic powder, granules and water. W / C = A ₀ + A ₁ · (S / C) + A ₂ · (S / C) ² The coefficients A ₀ , A ₁ and A ₂ in the above equation are related to the flow area (SFL), and Is represented as A ₀ = K ₀₀ + K ₁₀ × SFL A ₁ = K ₀₁ + K ₁₁ × SFL A ₂ = K ₀₂ + K ₁₂ × SFL 2. In preparing a mixture with powder, granules and water, in a blending system in which the ratio of powder to granules is constant with uniform flow, the granules are obtained from a unit volume of the closest packed water in water. The free water average film thickness of the granules obtained by dividing the void free water ratio obtained by subtracting the volume of the body by the relative total surface area of the granules or the fine particles, and the basic fluidized water in the mixture, the fine particle volume of the granules Utilizing a linear proportional relationship that holds in relation to the fine particle fraction volume ratio divided by the inherent property value of the granules and the flow property value of the powder paste by the flow property value of the powder paste, to predict the physical properties of the strength, A method for blending and adjusting a mixture comprising powder, granules and water, wherein the blending conditions of the mixture are determined. 3. A mixture of powder, granules and water, characterized in that in mixing or adjusting the mixture according to claim 1 or 2, gravel or other lumps are added and mixed as granules. Method of blending or adjusting the mixture. 4. A method for blending or adjusting the mixture according to claim 1, wherein the same powder and water ratio are used to obtain a plurality of mixtures each having a different powder and granule ratio. A method of blending or adjusting a mixture of powder, granules and water, wherein water obtained in step (1) is divided, a part of the water is added, the mixture is firstly mixed, and the remainder is added and secondarily mixed.