CN107587959A - 涡轮增压器 - Google Patents

涡轮增压器 Download PDF

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CN107587959A
CN107587959A CN201710546954.6A CN201710546954A CN107587959A CN 107587959 A CN107587959 A CN 107587959A CN 201710546954 A CN201710546954 A CN 201710546954A CN 107587959 A CN107587959 A CN 107587959A
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turbocharger
muffler
chamber
lid
turbocharger according
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CN107587959B (zh
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R.赫尔曼
R.比索夫
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MAN Energy Solutions SE
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MAN Diesel and Turbo SE
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M35/00—Combustion-air cleaners, air intakes, intake silencers, or induction systems specially adapted for, or arranged on, internal-combustion engines
    • F02M35/12—Intake silencers ; Sound modulation, transmission or amplification
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02C6/00—Plural gas-turbine plants; Combinations of gas-turbine plants with other apparatus; Adaptations of gas- turbine plants for special use
    • F02C6/04—Gas-turbine plants providing heated or pressurised working fluid for other apparatus, e.g. without mechanical power output
    • F02C6/10—Gas-turbine plants providing heated or pressurised working fluid for other apparatus, e.g. without mechanical power output supplying working fluid to a user, e.g. a chemical process, which returns working fluid to a turbine of the plant
    • F02C6/12—Turbochargers, i.e. plants for augmenting mechanical power output of internal-combustion piston engines by increase of charge pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N1/00—Silencing apparatus characterised by method of silencing
    • F01N1/08—Silencing apparatus characterised by method of silencing by reducing exhaust energy by throttling or whirling
    • F01N1/10—Silencing apparatus characterised by method of silencing by reducing exhaust energy by throttling or whirling in combination with sound-absorbing materials
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N1/00—Silencing apparatus characterised by method of silencing
    • F01N1/02—Silencing apparatus characterised by method of silencing by using resonance
    • F01N1/023—Helmholtz resonators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N1/00—Silencing apparatus characterised by method of silencing
    • F01N1/02—Silencing apparatus characterised by method of silencing by using resonance
    • F01N1/026—Annular resonance chambers arranged concentrically to an exhaust passage and communicating with it, e.g. via at least one opening in the exhaust passage
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M35/00—Combustion-air cleaners, air intakes, intake silencers, or induction systems specially adapted for, or arranged on, internal-combustion engines
    • F02M35/12—Intake silencers ; Sound modulation, transmission or amplification
    • F02M35/1205—Flow throttling or guiding
    • F02M35/1233—Flow throttling or guiding by using expansion chambers in the air intake flow path
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M35/00—Combustion-air cleaners, air intakes, intake silencers, or induction systems specially adapted for, or arranged on, internal-combustion engines
    • F02M35/12—Intake silencers ; Sound modulation, transmission or amplification
    • F02M35/1255—Intake silencers ; Sound modulation, transmission or amplification using resonance
    • F02M35/1261—Helmholtz resonators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M35/00—Combustion-air cleaners, air intakes, intake silencers, or induction systems specially adapted for, or arranged on, internal-combustion engines
    • F02M35/12—Intake silencers ; Sound modulation, transmission or amplification
    • F02M35/1255—Intake silencers ; Sound modulation, transmission or amplification using resonance
    • F02M35/1266—Intake silencers ; Sound modulation, transmission or amplification using resonance comprising multiple chambers or compartments
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M35/00—Combustion-air cleaners, air intakes, intake silencers, or induction systems specially adapted for, or arranged on, internal-combustion engines
    • F02M35/12—Intake silencers ; Sound modulation, transmission or amplification
    • F02M35/1272—Intake silencers ; Sound modulation, transmission or amplification using absorbing, damping, insulating or reflecting materials, e.g. porous foams, fibres, rubbers, fabrics, coatings or membranes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M35/00—Combustion-air cleaners, air intakes, intake silencers, or induction systems specially adapted for, or arranged on, internal-combustion engines
    • F02M35/12—Intake silencers ; Sound modulation, transmission or amplification
    • F02M35/1288—Intake silencers ; Sound modulation, transmission or amplification combined with or integrated into other devices ; Plurality of air intake silencers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/66—Combating cavitation, whirls, noise, vibration or the like; Balancing
    • F04D29/661—Combating cavitation, whirls, noise, vibration or the like; Balancing especially adapted for elastic fluid pumps
    • F04D29/663—Sound attenuation
    • F04D29/665—Sound attenuation by means of resonance chambers or interference
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G10K11/00—Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound in general; Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/16—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G10K11/00—Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound in general; Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/16—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/162—Selection of materials
    • G10K11/168—Plural layers of different materials, e.g. sandwiches
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2340/00—Dimensional characteristics of the exhaust system, e.g. length, diameter or volume of the apparatus; Spatial arrangements of exhaust apparatuses
    • F01N2340/06—Dimensional characteristics of the exhaust system, e.g. length, diameter or volume of the apparatus; Spatial arrangements of exhaust apparatuses characterised by the arrangement of the exhaust apparatus relative to the turbine of a turbocharger
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G10K11/00—Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound in general; Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/16—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/161—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general in systems with fluid flow

Abstract

本发明涉及涡轮增压器。具体而言，一种涡轮增压器带有用于第一介质的膨胀且用于在第一介质膨胀时获得能量的涡轮，且带有使用涡轮中获得的能量以用于第二介质的压缩的压缩机，其中涡轮增压器的至少一个流引导元件设有消音器(1)，其中对应的消音器(1)具有带有支撑壁(4)且带有形成在支撑壁(4)上的腔(5)的支撑结构(3)，其中腔(5)在其背离消音器(1)的流道(7)的一侧由支撑壁(4)界定，且其中腔(5)在其面向消音器(1)的流道(7)的一侧由盖(8)界定，其中盖(8)具有带有不同网孔宽度、牢固地连接至彼此的至少两个网格形的层(9,10,11)。

Description

涡轮增压器
技术领域
本发明涉及涡轮增压器。
背景技术
从DE 19818873 C2已知带有至少一个排气涡轮增压器的往复活塞式内燃机。消音器与排气涡轮增压器的至少一个流引导元件相关联，该消音器基于亥姆霍兹共振器的原理。这里，对应的消音器具有外支撑壁以及由支撑壁接收的若干个腔的支撑结构，其中腔在消音器的面向流道的一侧由穿孔片界定。
从现有技术已知的基于亥姆霍兹共振器的原理的消音器的使用具有的缺点在于，由于该原理仅可在非常有限的频率范围有效地衰减声音。在频率范围外的频率下，衰减效果大大降低。
从此继续，本发明基于提供带有改进的声音衰减的新颖的涡轮增压器的问题。
发明内容
此问题由根据权利要求1的涡轮增压器解决。根据本发明，盖具有牢固地连接至彼此、具有不同网孔宽度的至少两个网格形的层。
在根据本发明的涡轮增压器中，对应的消音器的盖体现为具有若干层，其中盖具有牢固地连接至彼此、具有不同网孔宽度的至少两个网格形的层。由此，可提供带有改进的声音衰减效果的消音器。具体而言，带有此盖的消音器在较宽频率范围内具有改进的衰减效果。
根据本发明的有利的进一步发展，带有不同网孔宽度的盖的网格形的层由丝网形成，其中独立层的丝网不仅具有不同的网孔宽度，而且具有不同的丝径。由此，可提供特别有利的声音衰减效果。
优选地，盖具有厚度t，其中腔具有由盖与支撑壁的距离限定的深度a，其中t小于a。这起作用为提供特别有利的声音衰减效果。
具体而言，盖的厚度t与腔的深度a之间的比率t/a在0.2和0.025之间。这些细节也起作用为提供特别有利的声音衰减效果。
根据本发明的有利的进一步发展，腔的深度a与待衰减的频率的声音波长λ之间的比率a/λ在0.25和0.4之间。由此，声音衰减效果可进一步改进。
根据本发明的有利的进一步发展，对应的消音器整体结合到涡轮增压器的对应的流引导元件中，优选地整体结合到压缩机的螺旋形流出壳中。消音器整体结合到压缩机的螺旋形流出壳中是特别优选的，因为由此，利用尽可能小的安装空间需要，可提供特别好的声音衰减效果。
根据本发明的有利的进一步发展，支撑结构的腔在消音器的通流方向上看具有交替不同的宽度。由此，声音衰减效果可进一步改进。
附图说明
本发明的进一步发展将从从属权利要求且从以下描述出现。借助于附图更加详细地论述了本发明的示例性实施例，而不限于其。附图示出了：
图1：穿过根据本发明的涡轮增压器的消音器的示意性截面；
图2：透视图中的图1的细节II。
参考标号列表
1 消音器
2 凸缘
3 支撑结构
4 支撑壁
5 腔
6 金属片
7 流道
8 盖
9 层
10 层
11 层。
具体实施方式
这里提出的发明涉及涡轮增压器。涡轮增压器的基本结构为从事于此的本领域专家所熟悉的。涡轮增压器因此具有用于第一介质的膨胀(具体而言，用于排气的膨胀)的涡轮，其中能量在这里获得。此外，涡轮增压器包括用于第二介质的压缩(具体而言，用于增压空气的压缩)的压缩机，其中在这里，涡轮中的第一介质的膨胀期间获得的能量在压缩机中利用。
涡轮增压器具有不同的流引导组件。这些具体而言包括排气涡轮增压器的压缩机的所谓的流出壳。涡轮增压器的至少一个流引导元件设有消音器1。
图1示出了穿过消音器1的示意性截面，其与涡轮的流引导元件协作，例如与涡轮增压器的压缩机的螺旋形的流出壳协作。
消音器1在图1中具有凸缘2，经由其，消音器1可螺纹连接至涡轮增压器的其它流引导组件。图1中所示的消音器1因此涉及涡轮增压器的单独组件，该组件螺纹连接至涡轮增压器的其它组件。
消音器1具有带有支撑壁4且带有形成在支撑壁4上的腔5的支撑结构3。支撑壁4在这里具体而言涉及径向外管。在此径向外管(其提供支撑壁4)上，形成腔5，其由金属片6形成或与彼此对应地界定，金属片6在支撑壁4的大致径向方向上延伸。
消音器1的流道7(其由将衰减声音的介质流过)沿径向在内部邻接支撑结构3的腔5。
如已经提到的那样，腔5在其背离流道7的一侧由支撑壁4界定。支撑结构3的腔5在面向流道7的一侧由盖8界定。
盖8具有牢固地连接至彼此的带有不同网孔宽度的至少两个网格形的层。在图1和图2中示出了牢固地连接至彼此的三个网格形的层9、10和11的盖3，其分别具有不同的网孔宽度。
特别优选地，盖8的网格形的层9、10和11(其具有不同的网孔宽度)分别由丝网形成，其中各个层9、10和11的这些丝网优选地不仅具有不同的网孔宽度而且具有不同的丝径。
从图1可见的是，支撑结构3的腔5在径向方向上具有深度a，其由盖8与支撑壁4的距离限定。根据图2，盖8具有径向厚度t。这里，盖8的厚度t小于腔5的深度a。
优选地，盖8的厚度t与腔5的深度a之间的比率t/a在0.2和0.025之间。
在消音器1的流道7的通流方向上看，支撑结构3的腔5具有宽度b，其中在图1中，支撑结构3的腔5在流道7的通流方向上对应地具有交替不同的宽度b。
根据特别优选的实施例，支撑结构3的腔5的深度a与待衰减的频率的声音波长λ之间的比率a/λ在0.25和0.4之间。
在此情况下，待衰减的介质关于其噪声的声比流阻Rs与特征声阻抗Z0之间的比率Rs/Z0在0.25和4之间。涡轮增压器压缩机中的声比流阻Rs处于350和5500Pa*s/m之间。
特别优选地，支撑结构3的腔5的深度a在15mm和90mm之间。
在图1的示例性实施例中，消音器1体现为单独组件，且经由凸缘2连接至涡轮增压器的另一个流引导元件。
相比于此，还可能将消音器1整体结合到涡轮增压器的流引导元件中，特别优选地到涡轮增压器的压缩机的流引导、螺旋形流出壳中。
消音器1作用为λ/4共振器，且在宽频率范围内具有良好的声音衰减效果。

Claims (11)

1.一种涡轮增压器，带有用于第一介质的膨胀且用于在所述第一介质膨胀时获得能量的涡轮，且带有使用所述涡轮中获得的能量以用于第二介质的压缩的压缩机，其中所述涡轮增压器的至少一个流引导元件设有消音器(1)，其中对应的消音器(1)具有带有支撑壁(4)且带有形成在所述支撑壁(4)上的腔(5)的支撑结构(3)，其中所述腔(5)在其背离所述消音器的流道的一侧由所述支撑壁(4)界定，且其中所述腔(5)在其面向所述消音器的流道(7)的一侧由盖(8)界定，其特征在于，所述盖(8)具有带有不同网孔宽度、牢固地连接至彼此的至少两个网格形的层(9,10,11)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的涡轮增压器，其特征在于，带有不同网孔宽度的所述盖(8)的网格形的层(9,10,11)由丝网形成，其中独立层的丝网不仅具有不同的网孔宽度，而且具有不同的丝径。
3.根据权利要求1或权利要求2所述的涡轮增压器，其特征在于，所述盖(8)具有厚度t，所述腔(5)具有由所述盖(8)与所述支撑壁(4)的距离限定的深度a，其中t小于a。
4.根据权利要求3所述的涡轮增压器，其特征在于，所述盖(8)的厚度t与所述腔(5)的深度a之间的比率t/a在0.2和0.025之间。
5.根据权利要求3或权利要求4所述的涡轮增压器，其特征在于，所述腔(5)的深度a与待衰减的频率的声音波长λ之间的比率a/λ在0.25和0.4之间。
6.根据权利要求3至权利要求5中任一项所述的涡轮增压器，其特征在于，所述支撑结构(3)的腔(5)的深度a在15mm和90mm之间。
7.根据权利要求1至权利要求6中任一项所述的涡轮增压器，其特征在于，对应的消音器(1)整体结合到所述涡轮增压器的对应的流引导元件中。
8.根据权利要求7所述的涡轮增压器，其特征在于，对应的消音器(1)整体结合到所述涡轮增压器的压缩机的螺旋形流出壳中。
9.根据权利要求1至权利要求6中任一项所述的涡轮增压器，其特征在于，对应的消音器(1)体现为单独组件，且连接至所述涡轮增压器的对应的流引导元件。
10.根据权利要求1至权利要求9中任一项所述的涡轮增压器，其特征在于，所述流动介质的声比流阻Rs与特征声阻抗Z0之间的比率Rs/Z0在0.25和4之间。
11.根据权利要求1至权利要求10中任一项所述的涡轮增压器，其特征在于，所述支撑结构(3)的腔(5)在所述消音器(1)的流道(7)的通流方向上看具有交替不同的宽度b。
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