CN107576371B - A kind of Ultrasonic Liquid Level Measurement and ultrasonic wave liquid level measuring apparatus - Google Patents
A kind of Ultrasonic Liquid Level Measurement and ultrasonic wave liquid level measuring apparatus Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
This application discloses a kind of Ultrasonic Liquid Level Measurement and ultrasonic wave liquid level measuring apparatus, this method comprises: to liquid level to be measured transmitting ultrasonic signal as detection signal, receive the ultrasonic echo signal being reflected back through the liquid level to be measured, and the ultrasonic echo signal is converted into electric signal, to obtain feedback signal, the feedback signal is compared with predetermined signal strength threshold value, acquisition time compensation factor Δ t, calculate the measurement propagation time, the compensation time is calculated using time bias factor Δ t and the measurement propagation time is compensated, then accurate liquid level distance is calculated.A kind of Ultrasonic Liquid Level Measurement disclosed in the present application and based on the ultrasonic wave liquid level measuring apparatus of this method in the case where not increasing manufacturing cost, using the device simply easily realized, improve the stability and accuracy of ultrasonic liquid level measuring.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to ultrasonic measuring distance technology fields, and in particular to a kind of Ultrasonic Liquid Level Measurement and ultrasonic solution
Level measuring arrangement.
Background technique
Currently, in the measurement application of liquid level, it is easy to maintain since ultrasonic level gage has non-contact measurement,
The advantages that service life is long is more and more widely used.Method when ultrasonic level gage generallys use difference passes through measurement ultrasound
Wave, multiplied by the spread speed of ultrasonic wave, obtains liquid level distance from the received time difference is sent to, to calculate tested level value；
But influenced by software and hardware condition, often there is certain error in the measurement of ultrasonic propagation time, so that ultrasonic level gage
Accuracy and stability be constantly subjected to constrain.
There are two types of current common solutions: a kind of scheme is one known distance of setting below ultrasonic level gage
Baffle, measurement error is corrected by echo time of baffle, this method in the practical applications such as river, inspection shaft, have compared with
Big difficulty of construction is difficult to realize；Another scheme is that the ultrasonic waves of two different heights are installed on ultrasonic level gage
Energy device, by range difference known to the two, and according to the ultrasonic echo time of the two, calibration measurement error, it is clear that this side
Method increases the manufacturing cost of ultrasonic level gage, also increases later maintenance difficulty.
Therefore it provides a kind of Ultrasonic Liquid Level Measurement for facilitating realization, not increasing ultrasonic level gage manufacturing cost
It and with ultrasonic wave liquid level measuring apparatus is this field urgent problem to be solved.
Summary of the invention
In view of this, the present invention provides a kind of Ultrasonic Liquid Level Measurement and and ultrasonic wave liquid level measuring apparatus, solution
It has determined when correcting measurement error in ultrasonic liquid level measuring in the prior art, difficulty of construction is big or increases the technology of manufacturing cost
Problem.
In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problem, the present invention proposes a kind of Ultrasonic Liquid Level Measurement.
The measurement method includes:
Emit detection signal to liquid level to be measured, wherein the detection signal is ultrasonic signal, emits the detection signal
Time be first time point；
The ultrasonic echo signal being reflected back through the liquid level to be measured is received, and the ultrasonic echo signal is converted to
Electric signal, to obtain feedback signal, wherein the feedback signal is oscillator signal；
The feedback signal is compared with predetermined signal strength threshold value；
The time that the feedback signal is greater than the predetermined signal strength threshold value for the first time is obtained, to obtain for the second time point；
The duration that the feedback signal is greater than the predetermined signal strength threshold value is obtained, to obtain the time bias factor
Δt；
The time difference between second time point and the first time point is calculated, measurement propagation time t is obtained；
It is calculated using the following equation the liquid level distance L of the liquid level to be measured:Wherein, v is described
Spread speed of the ultrasonic signal in transmission medium, λ are the compensation time, and λ=f (x) | (x=Δ t), and f (x) is mono- about x
Tune successively decreases.
Further, after the step of being compared the feedback signal with predetermined signal strength threshold value, the side
Method further include: when the feedback signal is greater than the predetermined signal strength threshold value, generate a pulse signal；Wherein, it obtains
The feedback signal is greater than the time of the predetermined signal strength threshold value for the first time, and to obtain for the second time point the step of includes: to obtain
The time for taking the first pulse signal to generate, to obtain second time point；The feedback signal is obtained greater than described pre-
The duration of signal strength threshold is determined, to include: to obtain continuing for the pulse signal the step of obtaining the time bias factor
Generation time, to obtain the time bias factor.
Further, before the step of being compared the feedback signal with predetermined signal strength threshold value, the side
Method further include: amplified the feedback signal using amplifying circuit；By the feedback signal and the predetermined signal strength
The step of threshold value is compared includes: to be compared the amplified feedback signal with the predetermined signal strength threshold value；
After the step of being compared the amplified feedback signal with predetermined signal strength threshold value, the method also includes:
If increasing the gain of the amplifying circuit without generating the pulse signal in the given time.
Further, before the gain for increasing the amplifying circuit, the method also includes: judge the amplifying circuit
Gain whether reach predetermined maximum gain；Wherein, it if the gain of the amplifying circuit is not up to the predetermined maximum gain, holds
Row increases the step of gain of the amplifying circuit, if the gain of the amplifying circuit has reached the predetermined maximum gain,
Generate alarm signal.
Further, the value range of the predetermined signal strength threshold value is that ultrasonic level gage minimum range is corresponding most
The 50% to 75% of large amplitude, wherein the corresponding peak swing of the ultrasonic level gage minimum range is the liquid of predetermined level
Identity distance is from being equal to the ultrasonic level gage minimum range, and when the gain of the amplifying circuit is in predetermined least gain, by
The peak swing for the oscillator signal that the ultrasonic echo signal that the predetermined level is reflected back obtains.
Further, the value range of the predetermined time is that the corresponding ultrasonic wave of ultrasonic level gage maximum range is propagated
Time, wherein the corresponding ultrasonic propagation time of the ultrasonic level gage maximum range is liquid level distance of predetermined level etc.
In the ultrasonic level gage maximum range, and when the gain of the amplifying circuit is in predetermined maximum gain, by described predetermined
When the oscillator signal that the ultrasonic echo signal that liquid level is reflected back obtains, for the first time greater than the predetermined signal strength threshold value when
Between, with the time difference between the time to predetermined level transmitting ultrasonic signal.
Further, when calculating compensation time λ,Wherein, a and b is constant.
Further, the method also includes determining the value of a and b, comprising:
According to the spread speed calculating of the liquid level distance and the ultrasonic signal of predetermined level in transmission medium
Ultrasonic signal reaches the actual propagation time of the predetermined level；
Obtain the predetermined level corresponding measurement propagation time and the time bias factor；
A and b are determined according to the difference and the time bias factor in the actual propagation time and the measurement propagation time
Value.
Further, during carrying out ultrasonic liquid level measuring, ambient temperature value T is measured；
The ultrasonic signal is calculated using the following equation under current environmental temperature, aerial spread speed v:
Wherein, v0Indicate ultrasonic signal aerial spread speed at 0 DEG C.
In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problem, the present invention is also based on proposing a kind of ultrasonic wave liquid level measuring apparatus, comprising:
Ultrasonic wave transmitting line, for sending excitation electric signal to energy converter；
Energy converter, for emitting detection signal to liquid level to be measured according to the excitation electric signal, wherein the detection signal
For ultrasonic signal, and for receiving the ultrasonic echo signal being reflected back through the liquid level to be measured, and by the ultrasonic wave time
Wave signal is converted to electric signal, to obtain feedback signal, wherein the feedback signal is oscillator signal；
Comparator, for the feedback signal to be compared with predetermined signal strength threshold value；
Central processing unit, the time for recording the transmitting detection signal is first time point, and record takes the feedback
Signal is greater than the time of the predetermined signal strength threshold value for the first time, to obtain for the second time point, records the feedback signal and is greater than
The duration of the predetermined signal strength threshold value to obtain time bias factor Δ t, and calculates second time point and institute
The time difference between first time point is stated, measurement propagation time t is obtained,
It is calculated using the following equation the liquid level distance L of the liquid level to be measured:Wherein, v is described
Spread speed of the ultrasonic signal in transmission medium, λ are the compensation time, and λ=f (x) | (x=Δ t), and f (x) is mono- about x
Tune successively decreases.
Compared with prior art, Ultrasonic Liquid Level Measurement of the invention and and ultrasonic wave liquid level measuring apparatus, realize
It is following the utility model has the advantages that
Pass through calculate compensation the time and correct measurement the propagation time obtain the actual propagation time, reduce ultrasonic wave propagation
The error of time measurement, improves the accuracy of measurement, compared with prior art, on hardware, does not need baffle, also do not need
Using multiple ultrasonic transducers, facilitates realization, do not increase ultrasonic level gage manufacturing cost, use the dress simply easily realized
It sets, improves the precision of ultrasonic liquid level measuring.
By referring to the drawings to the detailed description of exemplary embodiment of the present invention, other feature of the invention and its
Advantage will become apparent.
Detailed description of the invention
The drawings described herein are used to provide a further understanding of the present application, constitutes part of this application, this Shen
Illustrative embodiments and their description please are not constituted an undue limitation on the present application for explaining the application.In the accompanying drawings:
Fig. 1 is the flow chart of Ultrasonic Liquid Level Measurement described in the embodiment of the present application 1；
Fig. 2 is the flow chart of Ultrasonic Liquid Level Measurement described in the embodiment of the present application 2；
Fig. 3 is the flow chart of Ultrasonic Liquid Level Measurement described in the embodiment of the present application 3；
Fig. 4 is that the oscillator signal that varying strength echo-signal generates and predetermined signal strength threshold value comparison generate pulse signal
Comparative diagram；
Fig. 5 is liquid level distance and echo signal intensity relation schematic diagram；
Fig. 6 is the composition schematic diagram of ultrasonic wave liquid level measuring apparatus described in the embodiment of the present application 4；
Fig. 7 is the composition schematic diagram of ultrasonic wave liquid level measuring apparatus described in the embodiment of the present application 5.
Specific embodiment
With reference to the accompanying drawing, the present invention is described in detail.
Embodiment 1
The embodiment of the present application 1 is a kind of ultrasonic measuring liquid level method, referring to Fig. 1, this method comprises:
Step S101 emits detection signal to liquid level, wherein the detection signal is ultrasonic signal, emits the inspection
The time for surveying signal is first time point；
Step S102, receives the ultrasonic echo signal that is reflected back through the liquid level to be measured, and by the ultrasonic echo
Signal is converted to electric signal, to obtain feedback signal, wherein the feedback signal is oscillator signal；
The feedback signal is compared by step S103 with predetermined signal strength threshold value；
Step S104 obtains the time that the feedback signal is greater than the predetermined signal strength threshold value for the first time, to obtain
Two time points；
Step S105 obtains the duration that the feedback signal is greater than the predetermined signal strength threshold value, when obtaining
Between compensation factor Δ t；
Step S106 calculates the time difference between second time point and the first time point, obtains measurement and propagates
Time t；
Step S107 is calculated using the following equation the liquid level distance L of the liquid level to be measured:Its
In, v is spread speed of the ultrasonic signal in transmission medium, and λ is the compensation time, and λ=f (x) | (x=Δ t), and f
(x) about x monotone decreasing.
The method of ultrasonic measuring liquid level described in the present embodiment, by calculating the compensation time and correcting the measurement propagation time
And the actual propagation time is obtained, the error of ultrasonic propagation time measurement is reduced, the accuracy of measurement is improved, with existing skill
Art is compared, and on hardware, does not need baffle, does not also need to be facilitated realization using multiple ultrasonic transducers, do not increased ultrasonic wave
Liquidometer manufacturing cost.
Embodiment 2
A method of with ultrasonic measurement liquid level distance, flow chart referring to fig. 2, this method comprises:
Step S201 emits detection signal to liquid level；
Step S202 judges whether to generate pulse signal；
Step S203 calculates ultrasonic wave and passes the propagation time；
Step S204 calculates ultrasonic velocity；
Step S205 judges whether reception circuit gain is maximum；
Step S206 increases and receives circuit gain；
Step S207 generates alarm signal；
Step S208 provides liquid level range measurements；
In above-mentioned steps S201, emit detection signal to liquid level, wherein the detection signal ultrasonic wave that is, described in transmitting
The time for detecting signal is first time point, then goes to step S202.
In above-mentioned steps S202, started with the first time point in above-mentioned steps S201, in predetermined time tmaxIt is interior, if
Pulse signal is generated, then goes to step S203；If not generating pulse signal, step S206 is gone to.
Further, in above-mentioned steps S202, the process for generating pulse signal is specifically:
The detection signal emitted in above-mentioned steps S201 reflects to form echo-signal when encountering liquid level, and the echo-signal is through connecing
It receives to generate feedback signal and send to and receives circuit again by reception circuit output, which is the amplification electricity of adjustable gain
Road, the feedback signal are oscillator signal；It is found through experiments that, the feedback signal waveform is as shown in figure 4, by the feedback letter of the amplification
It number is compared with predetermined signal strength threshold value, manner of comparison such as Fig. 4 shows, when feedback signal is greater than predetermined signal strength threshold value
When, pulse signal is generated, the duration of the pulse signal is recorded, is denoted as Δ t.
Further, by above-mentioned steps S202, the feedback signal be greater than for the first time the predetermined signal strength threshold value when
Between point be used as the second time point, calculate the time difference between second time point and the first time point, obtain measurement and pass
T between sowing time.
Further, by above-mentioned steps S202, the value range of predetermined signal strength threshold value is that ultrasonic level gage is minimum
The 50% to 75% of the corresponding peak swing of range, wherein the corresponding peak swing of the ultrasonic level gage minimum range is
The liquid level distance of predetermined level is equal to the ultrasonic level gage minimum range, and the gain of the amplifying circuit is in and makes a reservation for most
When small gain, by the peak swing for the oscillator signal that the ultrasonic echo signal that the predetermined level is reflected back obtains.
Further, by above-mentioned steps S202, the value of the predetermined time is corresponding for ultrasonic level gage maximum range
Ultrasonic propagation time, wherein the corresponding ultrasonic propagation time of the ultrasonic level gage maximum range is predetermined level
Liquid level distance be equal to the ultrasonic level gage maximum range, and the gain of the amplifying circuit is in predetermined maximum gain
When, when the oscillator signal obtained by the ultrasonic echo signal that the predetermined level is reflected back, it is greater than the prearranged signals for the first time
Time difference between the time of intensity threshold, with from the time to predetermined level transmitting ultrasonic signal.
In above-mentioned steps S203, if generating pulse signal, ultrasonic propagation time is calculated, calculates second time
Time difference between point and the first time point obtains measurement propagation time t；Compensation time λ is calculated, principle and algorithm are such as
Under:
When the reception circuit gain is certain value, can generate in the liquid level distance range of pulse signal, due to ultrasonic wave
And its echo-signal has a decaying in communication process, therefore liquid level to be measured distance is different, and the echo signal intensity received is not yet
Together；In general, liquid level distance is remoter, receive that echo signal intensity is smaller, correspondingly, the intensity of produced oscillator signal is also got over
It is small；As shown in figure 4, the duration of the pulse signal generated is related to the intensity of oscillator signal, the smaller oscillator signal of intensity
The duration of pulse signal for being compared and generating with predetermined signal strength threshold value is smaller.The intensity of oscillator signal A is greater than
The duration of the intensity of oscillator signal B, the corresponding pulse signal A generated is greater than the duration of pulse signal B；In addition, such as
Shown in Fig. 4, the intensity of the oscillator signal of the received generation of echo-signal is smaller, from receives echo-signal to generate pulse signal it
Between delay t0Also longer, that is, the pulse signal generated is more delayed, to make the ultrasonic wave measured from being emitted to received survey
It is bigger to measure error of the propagation time t compared with the actual propagation time of ultrasonic wave；In short, when receiving circuit gain is certain value,
It can generate in the liquid level distance range of pulse signal, liquid level distance is remoter, and the intensity of echo-signal is smaller, generated oscillation letter
Number intensity it is smaller, the duration of pulse signal generated is smaller, and generate pulse signal time more delay, to lead
Cause the error in the measurement propagation time of ultrasonic wave bigger.
In conclusion the duration of pulse signal can be used to compensate the measurement propagation time of ultrasonic wave, that is, mend
Repay time λ=f (x) | (x=Δ t), and f (x) is about x monotone decreasing；With the compensation time to the measurement propagation time of ultrasonic wave
T is compensated, and can reduce the error in the measurement propagation time of ultrasonic wave, thus compensated ultrasonic wave actual propagation time ttotal
For ttotal=t+ λ.
It is found through experiments that, as shown in figure 5, being had exponent relation between liquid level distance and echo signal intensity；Therefore, it is counting
When calculating compensation time λ, following formula can be used to calculate the compensation time as time bias formula:
Wherein, parameter a, b is constant, related with the ultrasonic reflections intensity of the liquid of liquid level to be measured distance；Parameter a, b obtains
The method of obtaining is as follows, calculates institute according to the spread speed of the liquid level distance and the ultrasonic signal of predetermined level in transmission medium
State the actual propagation time that ultrasonic signal reaches the predetermined level；Obtain the predetermined level corresponding measurement propagation time
With the time bias factor；It is true according to the actual propagation time and the difference in the theoretical propagation time and the time bias factor
Determine the value of a and b.
In above-mentioned steps S203, when pulse signal duration x value is Δ t, i.e., x=Δ t is substituted into formula λ=f
(x) | (the compensation time is calculated in x=Δ t):
Can be the Taylor series with Pei Yanuo (Peano) remainder by Maclaurin expansion by above formula for the ease of operation:
Then when x value is Δ t, time bias factor are as follows:
In above-mentioned steps S204, measurement obtains current environmental temperature value T (DEG C), is calculated using the following equation the ultrasonic wave
Signal is under current environmental temperature, aerial spread speed v:
Wherein, v0Indicate the aerial speed of ultrasonic wave, v at 0 DEG C0=331.45m/s.
Whether above-mentioned steps S205 judges to receive circuit gain maximum, if not being adjusted to maximum, goes to step
S206；If being adjusted to maximum, step S207 is gone to, wherein the reception circuit is gain adjustable amplifying circuit.
Above-mentioned steps S206 is turned up and receives circuit gain, then goes to step S201, emits detection letter to liquid level again
Number；Specifically, the received generation oscillator signal of echo-signal makes a reservation for if the oscillator signal is less than after receiving circuit amplification
Signal strength threshold will be unable to generate pulse signal, can receive circuit gain by being turned up at this time, may make echo-signal through connecing
The oscillator signal generated is received by amplifying with receiving the bigger multiple of circuit, makes also give birth to apart from the biggish echo-signal that decays farther out
At pulse signal, to improve the quality of reception of echo-signal.
Above-mentioned steps S207, receiving circuit gain has been maximum, then shows test solution identity distance from greater than the ultrasonic solution
Position meter maximum range, generates alarm signal, and go to step S208.
Above-mentioned steps S208, if turned from step S204, test solution identity distance propagates total time t from for ultrasonic wavetotalWith
The half of the product of ultrasonic velocity v, i.e. test solution identity distance is from L are as follows:
If turned from step S207, test solution identity distance is from greater than ultrasonic level gage maximum range Lmax., i.e. liquid level face
Distance L > Lmax。
Ultrasonic Liquid Level Measurement provided in this embodiment effectively improves ultrasonic echo by using amplifying circuit
Signal receiving quality, to improve the stability of measurement；Meanwhile when being propagated by calculating the compensation time the measurement of ultrasonic wave
Between compensate, reduce ultrasonic propagation time measurement error, improve the accuracy of measurement.
Embodiment 3
The embodiment of the present application 3 is a kind of more preferable Ultrasonic Liquid Level Measurement, and flow chart is referring to Fig. 3, this method packet
It includes:
Step S301 measures environment temperature, calculates ultrasonic velocity, wherein measure ambient temperature value T, then ultrasonic wave exists
Aerial spread speed v under current environmental temperature are as follows:
Wherein, wherein v0Indicate ultrasonic signal aerial spread speed at 0 DEG C；
Step S302 determines predetermined signal strength threshold value, wherein the value range of the predetermined signal strength threshold value is super
The 50% to 75% of the corresponding peak swing of sonic liquid-level meter minimum range, the ultrasonic level gage minimum range are corresponding most
Large amplitude is the liquid level distance of predetermined level equal to the ultrasonic level gage minimum range, and at the gain of the amplifying circuit
When predetermined least gain, the maximum of oscillator signal obtained by the ultrasonic echo signal that the predetermined level is reflected back shakes
Width.
Step S303 obtains compensating parameter and is specifically existed according to the liquid level distance of predetermined level and the ultrasonic signal
Spread speed in transmission medium calculates the actual propagation time that the ultrasonic signal reaches the predetermined level；Described in calculating
Predetermined level corresponding measurement propagation time and the time bias factor；When according to the actual propagation time and the theoretical propagation
Between difference and the time bias factor relationshipDetermine the value of compensating parameter a and b；
Step S304 emits detection signal to liquid level, and obtains first time point, wherein stating detection signal as ultrasonic wave letter
Number, the time for emitting the detection signal is first time point；
Step S305 obtains feedback signal, specifically, receives the ultrasonic echo letter being reflected back through the liquid level to be measured
Number, and the ultrasonic echo signal is converted into electric signal, to obtain feedback signal, wherein the feedback signal is oscillation
Signal；
Step S306, by the received circuit amplification of feedback signal and predetermined signal strength threshold value comparison, wherein the reception
Circuit is the amplifying circuit of adjustable gain；
Step S307 judges whether to generate pulse signal, specifically, by the feedback signal and predetermined signal strength threshold
After the step of value is compared, when in the given time, when feedback signal is greater than the predetermined signal strength threshold value, arteries and veins is generated
Rush signal；Wherein, the value of the predetermined time is the corresponding ultrasonic propagation time of ultrasonic level gage maximum range,
In, it is described super that the corresponding ultrasonic propagation time of the ultrasonic level gage maximum range is that the liquid level distance of predetermined level is equal to
Sonic liquid-level meter maximum range, and when the gain of the amplifying circuit is in predetermined maximum gain, it is reflected by the predetermined level
When the oscillator signal that the ultrasonic echo signal returned obtains, it is greater than the time of the predetermined signal strength threshold value for the first time, and to institute
State the time difference between the time of predetermined level transmitting ultrasonic signal.
Step S308 obtains the second time point and the time bias factor, and specifically, the feedback signal is greater than described for the first time
The time of predetermined signal strength threshold value, as the second time point；The lasting generation time for obtaining the pulse signal, as described
The time bias factor；
Step S309 calculates the time difference between second time point and the first time point, obtains measurement and propagates
Time t；
Step S310 calculates the compensation time, specifically, when pulse signal duration x value is Δ t, i.e., by x=Δ t
Substitute into formula λ=f (x) | (the compensation time is calculated in x=Δ t)；
Can be the Taylor series with Pei Yanuo (Peano) remainder by Maclaurin expansion by above formula for the ease of operation:
Then when x value is Δ t, time bias factor are as follows:
Step S311 judges whether reception circuit gain is maximum, wherein described to receive the amplification electricity that circuit is adjustable gain
Road, specific method are to judge whether the gain of the amplifying circuit reaches predetermined maximum gain, if not up to, going to step
Rapid S312 goes to step S313 if reached.
Step S312 is turned up and receives circuit gain, then goes to step S304.
Step S313 generates alarm signal, then goes to step S314.
Step S314 provides liquid level range measurements, specifically, turns to generate alarm signal, then liquid from step S313
Identity distance is greater than maximum range L with a distance from Lmax, i.e. L > Lmax；If turning to utilize formula from step S310
Calculate the liquid level distance of liquid level to be measured.
Ultrasonic Liquid Level Measurement provided in this embodiment effectively changes by using circuit amplification feedback signal is received
The kind ultrasonic echo signal quality of reception, to improve the stability of measurement；Meanwhile by calculating the compensation time to ultrasonic wave
The measurement propagation time compensate, reduce ultrasonic propagation time measurement error, improve the accuracy of measurement.
Embodiment 4
The embodiment of the present application 4 provides a kind of ultrasonic wave liquid level measuring apparatus according to 1 the method for embodiment, with reference to Fig. 6,
The device includes: central processing unit 10, ultrasonic wave transmitting line 20, energy converter 30, comparator 40；
Wherein, central processing unit 10 is connected with ultrasonic wave transmitting line 20, can control ultrasonic wave transmitting line；Centre
Reason device 10 is connected with comparator 40, can receive the signal of the transmission of comparator 40；There are also timing, data operation for central processing unit 10
Etc. functions.
Ultrasonic wave transmitting line 20 is connected with central processing unit 10, can receive the instruction of central processing unit 10；Ultrasonic wave hair
Power transmission road 20 is connected with energy converter 30, can send excitation electric signal to energy converter 30；
Energy converter 30 is connected with ultrasonic wave transmitting line 20, can receive the excitation electricity of the transmission of ultrasonic wave transmitting line 20
Signal, and ultrasonic signal is generated according to excitation electric signal and is used as to liquid level to be measured transmitting detection signal；Energy converter 30 can also connect
The ultrasonic echo signal being reflected back through the liquid level to be measured is received, and the ultrasonic echo signal is converted into electric signal, is made
For feedback signal, wherein the feedback signal is oscillator signal；
Comparator 40 is connected with energy converter 30, can receive the feedback signal of the transmission of energy converter 30, can be by the feedback signal
It is compared with predetermined signal strength threshold value；When feedback signal is greater than predetermined signal strength threshold value, comparator 40 generates pulse
Signal；Comparator 40 is connected with central processing unit 10, can send the pulse signal of generation to central processing 10.
The process that the present embodiment device measures liquid level distance is as follows:
Central processing unit 10 sends measurement instruction to ultrasonic wave transmitting line 20, and ultrasonic wave transmitting line 20 receives measurement and refers to
Excitation electric signal is sent after order to energy converter 30, so that energy converter 30 is generated ultrasonic signal as detection signal and is emitted to liquid level,
Central processing 10 should record the time for emitting the detection signal as first time point simultaneously；The detection signal encounters liquid level
Ultrasonic echo signal is reflected to form to be received by energy converter 30, which is converted to electric signal by energy converter 30,
Comparator 40 is sent to as feedback signal, and by the feedback signal, when feedback signal is greater than predetermined signal strength threshold value, than
Pulse signal is generated compared with device 40 and sends the pulse signal to central processing unit 10, and the record of central processing unit 10 takes the feedback
Signal is greater than the time of the predetermined signal strength threshold value as the second time point for the first time；Central processing unit 10 should record institute simultaneously
The duration that feedback signal is greater than the predetermined signal strength threshold value is stated, to obtain time bias factor Δ t；Central processing unit
10 and the time difference between second time point and the first time point is calculated, obtains measurement propagation time t；Using following
Formula calculates the liquid level distance L of the liquid level to be measured:Wherein, v is that the ultrasonic signal is transmitting
Spread speed in medium, λ are the compensation time, and λ=f (x) | (x=Δ t), and f (x) is about x monotone decreasing.
Compared with prior art, the present embodiment improves the essence of ultrasonic liquid level measuring using the device simply easily realized
Exactness.
Embodiment 5
The embodiment of the present invention 2 provides a kind of ultrasonic wave liquid level measuring apparatus using the method for above-described embodiment 1, for surveying
Measure liquid level distance, constitute schematic diagram as shown in fig. 7, comprising central processing unit 10, ultrasonic wave transmitting line 20, energy converter 30,
Comparator 40, ultrasonic wave receive circuit 50, gain control module 60, temperature-measuring module 70.
Wherein, temperature-measuring module 70, ultrasonic wave transmitting line 20, comparator 40, gain control module 60 are respectively in
Central processor 10 connects, and can be in communication with each other.
Energy converter 30 and ultrasonic wave transmitting line 20, can receive the signal that ultrasonic wave transmitting line 20 transmits, then sending is super
Sound wave；Energy converter 30 receives circuit 50 with ultrasonic wave and is connected, and can receive the echo-signal and oscillator signal of ultrasonic reflections, then
It passes to ultrasonic wave and receives circuit 50；In addition, the intensity of echo-signal is smaller, then the intensity for the oscillator signal that energy converter 30 generates
It is smaller.
Ultrasonic wave, which receives circuit 50, can receive the oscillator signal of the transmitting of energy converter 30, and then the oscillator signal is amplified and passed
Pass comparator 40.
Settable predetermined signal strength threshold value in comparator 40, comparator 40 receive ultrasonic wave and receive putting for the transmitting of circuit 50
After big oscillator signal, which is compared with the predetermined signal strength threshold value of setting, when the oscillator signal of amplification
When greater than predetermined signal strength threshold value, comparator 40 generates pulse signal and this pulse signal is passed to central processing unit 10.
Gain control module 60 receives circuit 50 with ultrasonic wave and is connected, and gain control module 60 is according to central processing unit 10
Instruction adjusts the gain that ultrasonic wave receives circuit 50.
When measurement starts, central processing unit 10 generates the PWM square-wave signal of 1 or more with 30 identical frequency of energy converter, PWM
Square-wave signal is transferred to energy converter 30, it is super that excitation energy converter 30 issues cluster after 20 enhanced processing of ultrasonic wave transmitting line
Sound wave simultaneously emits to liquid level to be measured, while central processing unit 10 records energy converter 30 and emits the initial time of ultrasonic wave as first
Time point；The ultrasonic wave that energy converter 30 issues reflects to form echo-signal after encountering liquid level, and echo-signal returns to transducing
After device 30, energy converter 30 generates cluster oscillator signal, and oscillator signal passes to after ultrasonic wave receives 50 enhanced processing of circuit
Comparator 40；When the oscillator signal intensity is more than the predetermined signal strength threshold value in comparator 40, comparator 40 generates one
Pulse signal passes to central processing unit 10；When the record of central processing unit 10 generates the initial time of pulse signal as second
Between point；The time difference between second time point and the first time point is calculated, measurement propagation time t can be obtained；In
Central processor 10 records the duration of the pulse signal received, is denoted as Δ t, substitutes into time bias formula λ=f (x) | (x=
Δ t) calculates compensation time λ:
Can be the Taylor series with Pei Yanuo (Peano) remainder by Maclaurin expansion by above formula for the ease of operation:
Then when x value is Δ t, time bias factor are as follows:
The ultrasonic measurement propagation time is compensated, obtaining the ultrasonic wave actual propagation time is ttotal:
ttotal=t+ λ
The temperature T (DEG C) of present air is obtained by the measurement of temperature-measuring module 70, it is public according to ultrasonic velocity and temperature
Current ultrasonic velocity v is calculated in formula:
Wherein, v0Indicate the aerial speed of ultrasonic wave, v at 0 DEG C0=331.45m/s.
Test solution identity distance is from for ultrasonic propagation time ttotalWith the half of the product of ultrasonic velocity v, i.e., tested liquid level
Distance L are as follows:
If central processing unit 10, which starts ultrasonic wave, propagates the t that timing risesmaxIn time, central processing unit 10 is not received
Pulse signal, then central processing unit 10 judges that ultrasonic wave receives the increasing of circuit 50 by the communication between gain control module 60
Whether benefit has been transferred to maximum；If not being transferred to maximum, ultrasound is turned up according to the order of central processing unit 10 in gain control module 60
Wave receives the gain of circuit 50, and then measurement restarts.
If ultrasonic wave receives 50 gain of circuit and has been transferred to maximum, starts ultrasonic wave in central processing unit 10 and propagate timing
TmaxIn time, central processing unit 10 does not receive pulse signal yet, then central processing unit 10 generates alarm signal, surveys at this time
Liquid level distance exceeds maximum range Lmax, i.e. liquid level distance L > Lmax。
Ultrasonic wave liquid level measuring apparatus in the present embodiment receives the gain of circuit by adjusting ultrasonic wave, can effectively change
The reception of kind ultrasonic echo signal, to improve the stability of measurement；Meanwhile to the measurement propagation time of ultrasonic wave
It compensates, can effectively reduce the error of ultrasonic propagation time measurement, improve the accuracy of measurement.
Although some specific embodiments of the invention are described in detail by example, the skill of this field
Art personnel it should be understood that example above merely to being illustrated, the range being not intended to be limiting of the invention.The skill of this field
Art personnel are it should be understood that can without departing from the scope and spirit of the present invention modify to above embodiments.This hair
Bright range is defined by the following claims.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of Ultrasonic Liquid Level Measurement characterized by comprising
To liquid level to be measured emit detection signal, wherein the detection signal be ultrasonic signal, emit it is described detect signal when
Between be first time point；
The ultrasonic echo signal being reflected back through the liquid level to be measured is received, and the ultrasonic echo signal is converted into telecommunications
Number, to obtain feedback signal, wherein the feedback signal is oscillator signal；
The feedback signal is compared with predetermined signal strength threshold value；
The time that the feedback signal is greater than the predetermined signal strength threshold value for the first time is obtained, to obtain for the second time point；
The duration that the feedback signal is greater than the predetermined signal strength threshold value is obtained, to obtain time bias factor Δ t；
The time difference between second time point and the first time point is calculated, measurement propagation time t is obtained；
It is calculated using the following equation the liquid level distance L of the liquid level to be measured:Wherein, v is the ultrasonic wave
Spread speed of the signal in transmission medium, λ are the compensation time, and λ=f (x) | (x=Δ t), and f (x) is passed about x dullness
Subtract.
2. Ultrasonic Liquid Level Measurement according to claim 1, which is characterized in that
After the step of being compared the feedback signal with predetermined signal strength threshold value, the method also includes: work as institute
When stating feedback signal greater than the predetermined signal strength threshold value, a pulse signal is generated；
Wherein, the time that the feedback signal is greater than the predetermined signal strength threshold value for the first time is obtained, to obtain for the second time point
The step of include: the time for obtaining the first pulse signal and generating, to obtain second time point；
The duration that the feedback signal is greater than the predetermined signal strength threshold value is obtained, to obtain the step of the time bias factor
It suddenly include: the lasting generation time for obtaining the pulse signal, to obtain the time bias factor.
3. Ultrasonic Liquid Level Measurement according to claim 2, which is characterized in that
Before the step of being compared the feedback signal with predetermined signal strength threshold value, the method also includes: it uses
Amplifying circuit amplifies the feedback signal；
The step of feedback signal is compared with the predetermined signal strength threshold value includes: by the amplified feedback
Signal is compared with the predetermined signal strength threshold value；
After the step of being compared the amplified feedback signal with predetermined signal strength threshold value, the method is also wrapped
It includes: if increasing the gain of the amplifying circuit without generating the pulse signal in the given time.
4. Ultrasonic Liquid Level Measurement according to claim 3, which is characterized in that
Before the gain for increasing the amplifying circuit, the method also includes: judge whether the gain of the amplifying circuit reaches
To predetermined maximum gain；
Wherein, if the gain of the amplifying circuit is not up to the predetermined maximum gain, the increasing for increasing the amplifying circuit is executed
The step of benefit generates alarm signal if the gain of the amplifying circuit has reached the predetermined maximum gain.
5. Ultrasonic Liquid Level Measurement according to claim 3, which is characterized in that
The value range of the predetermined signal strength threshold value is the 50% of the corresponding peak swing of ultrasonic level gage minimum range
To 75%, wherein the corresponding peak swing of the ultrasonic level gage minimum range is equal to institute for the liquid level distance of predetermined level
Ultrasonic level gage minimum range is stated, and when the gain of the amplifying circuit is in predetermined least gain, by the predetermined level
The peak swing for the oscillator signal that the ultrasonic echo signal being reflected back obtains.
6. Ultrasonic Liquid Level Measurement according to claim 3, which is characterized in that
The value of the predetermined time is the corresponding ultrasonic propagation time of ultrasonic level gage maximum range, wherein described super
The corresponding ultrasonic propagation time of sonic liquid-level meter maximum range is that the liquid level distance of predetermined level is equal to the supersonic liquid level
Maximum range is counted, and when the gain of the amplifying circuit is in predetermined maximum gain, the ultrasound being reflected back by the predetermined level
When the oscillator signal that wave echo-signal obtains, it is greater than the time of the predetermined signal strength threshold value for the first time, and to the predetermined liquid
Time difference between the time of surface launching ultrasonic signal.
7. Ultrasonic Liquid Level Measurement according to claim 1, which is characterized in that
When calculating compensation time λ,Wherein, compensating parameter a and b is constant.
8. Ultrasonic Liquid Level Measurement according to claim 7, which is characterized in that the method also includes determining to compensate
The step of value of parameter a and b, comprising:
The ultrasound is calculated according to the spread speed of the liquid level distance and the ultrasonic signal of predetermined level in transmission medium
Wave signal reaches the actual propagation time of the predetermined level；
Obtain the predetermined level corresponding measurement propagation time and the time bias factor；
The value of a and b are determined according to the difference and the time bias factor in the actual propagation time and theoretical propagation time.
9. Ultrasonic Liquid Level Measurement according to claim 1, which is characterized in that
The method also includes: during carrying out ultrasonic liquid level measuring, measure ambient temperature value T；
The ultrasonic signal is calculated using the following equation under current environmental temperature, aerial spread speed v:
Wherein, v0Indicate ultrasonic signal aerial spread speed at 0 DEG C.
10. a kind of ultrasonic wave liquid level measuring apparatus characterized by comprising
Ultrasonic wave transmitting line, for sending excitation electric signal to energy converter；
The energy converter, for emitting detection signal to liquid level to be measured according to the excitation electric signal, wherein the detection signal
For ultrasonic signal, and for receiving the ultrasonic echo signal being reflected back through the liquid level to be measured, and by the ultrasonic wave time
Wave signal is converted to electric signal, to obtain feedback signal, wherein the feedback signal is oscillator signal；
Comparator, for the feedback signal to be compared with predetermined signal strength threshold value；
Central processing unit, the time for recording the transmitting detection signal is first time point, and record takes the feedback signal
It is greater than the time of the predetermined signal strength threshold value for the first time, to obtain for the second time point, records the feedback signal greater than described
The duration of predetermined signal strength threshold value to obtain time bias factor Δ t, and calculates second time point and described the
Time difference between one time point obtains measurement propagation time t,
It is calculated using the following equation the liquid level distance L of the liquid level to be measured:Wherein, v is the ultrasonic wave
Spread speed of the signal in transmission medium, λ are the compensation time, and λ=f (x) | (x=Δ t), and f (x) is passed about x dullness
Subtract.
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