CN107576371A - A kind of Ultrasonic Liquid Level Measurement and ultrasonic wave liquid level measuring apparatus - Google Patents
A kind of Ultrasonic Liquid Level Measurement and ultrasonic wave liquid level measuring apparatus Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
This application discloses a kind of Ultrasonic Liquid Level Measurement and ultrasonic wave liquid level measuring apparatus, this method includes：Launch ultrasonic signal as detection signal to liquid level to be measured, receive the ultrasonic echo signal being reflected back through the liquid level to be measured, and the ultrasonic echo signal is converted into electric signal, to obtain feedback signal, by the feedback signal compared with predetermined signal strength threshold value, time bias factor Δ t is obtained, calculates the measurement propagation time, the compensation time is calculated using time bias factor Δ t and the measurement propagation time is compensated, and accurate liquid level distance is then calculated.A kind of Ultrasonic Liquid Level Measurement disclosed in the present application and based on the ultrasonic wave liquid level measuring apparatus of this method in the case where not increasing manufacturing cost, using the device simply easily realized, improve the stability and accuracy of ultrasonic liquid level measuring.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to ultrasonic measuring distance technology field, and in particular to a kind of Ultrasonic Liquid Level Measurement and ultrasonic solution
Level measuring arrangement.
Background technology
At present, in the measurement application of liquid level, because ultrasonic level gage has a non-contact measurement, easy care,
The advantages that long lifespan, more and more extensive application is obtained.Method during ultrasonic level gage generally use difference, i.e., by measuring ultrasound
Ripple is multiplied by the spread speed of ultrasonic wave, obtains liquid level distance, so as to calculate tested level value from the time difference for being sent to reception；
But influenceed by software and hardware condition, often there is certain error in the measurement of ultrasonic propagation time so that ultrasonic level gage
Accuracy and stability be constantly subjected to constrain.
Current common solution has two kinds：A kind of scheme is one known distance of setting below ultrasonic level gage
Baffle plate, measurement error is corrected by echo time of baffle plate, this method in the practical applications such as river course, inspection shaft, have compared with
Big difficulty of construction, it is difficult to realize；Another scheme is that the ultrasonic waves of two different heights are installed on ultrasonic level gage
Energy device, by both known range differences, and according to the ultrasonic echo time of the two, calibration measurement error, it is clear that this side
Method adds the manufacturing cost of ultrasonic level gage, also increases later maintenance difficulty.
A kind of therefore it provides convenient Ultrasonic Liquid Level Measurement realized, do not increase ultrasonic level gage manufacturing cost
And with ultrasonic wave liquid level measuring apparatus it is this area urgent problem to be solved.
The content of the invention
In view of this, the invention provides a kind of Ultrasonic Liquid Level Measurement and and ultrasonic wave liquid level measuring apparatus, solution
Determine when measurement error is corrected in ultrasonic liquid level measuring in the prior art, difficulty of construction is big or the technology of increase manufacturing cost
Problem.
In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problem, the present invention proposes a kind of Ultrasonic Liquid Level Measurement.
The measuring method includes：
Launch detection signal to liquid level to be measured, wherein, the detection signal is ultrasonic signal, launches the detection signal
Time be first time point；
The ultrasonic echo signal being reflected back through the liquid level to be measured is received, and the ultrasonic echo signal is converted to
Electric signal, to obtain feedback signal, wherein, the feedback signal is oscillator signal；
By the feedback signal compared with predetermined signal strength threshold value；
The time that the feedback signal is more than the predetermined signal strength threshold value first is obtained, to obtain for the second time point；
The duration that the feedback signal is more than the predetermined signal strength threshold value is obtained, to obtain the time bias factor
Δt；
The time difference between second time point and the first time point is calculated, obtains measuring propagation time t；
The liquid level distance L of the liquid level to be measured is calculated using below equation：Wherein, v is described super
Spread speed of the acoustic signals in transmission medium, λ is to compensate the time, and λ=f (x) | (x=Δ t), and f (x) is dull on x
Successively decrease.
Further, after by the feedback signal compared with predetermined signal strength threshold value the step of, the side
Method also includes：When the feedback signal is more than the predetermined signal strength threshold value, a pulse signal is produced；Wherein, obtain
The feedback signal is more than the time of the predetermined signal strength threshold value first, includes the step of to obtain for the second time point：Obtain
The time caused by the first pulse signal is taken, to obtain second time point；The feedback signal is obtained more than described pre-
The duration of signal strength threshold is determined, to include the step of obtaining the time bias factor：Obtain continuing for the pulse signal
Generation time, to obtain the time bias factor.
Further, before the step of by the feedback signal compared with predetermined signal strength threshold value, the side
Method also includes：The feedback signal is amplified using amplifying circuit；By the feedback signal and the predetermined signal strength
The step of threshold value is compared includes：By the feedback signal after amplification compared with the predetermined signal strength threshold value；
After the step of feedback signal after by amplification is compared with predetermined signal strength threshold value, methods described also includes：
If increase the gain of the amplifying circuit without the pulse signal is produced in the given time.
Further, before the gain of the amplifying circuit is increased, methods described also includes：Judge the amplifying circuit
Gain whether reach predetermined maximum gain；Wherein, if the gain of the amplifying circuit is not up to the predetermined maximum gain, hold
Row increases the step of gain of the amplifying circuit, if the gain of the amplifying circuit has reached the predetermined maximum gain,
Produce alarm signal.
Further, the span of the predetermined signal strength threshold value be ultrasonic level gage minimum range corresponding to most
The 50% to 75% of large amplitude, wherein, peak swing corresponding to the ultrasonic level gage minimum range is the liquid of predetermined level
Identity distance is from equal to the ultrasonic level gage minimum range, and when the gain of the amplifying circuit is in predetermined least gain, by
The peak swing for the oscillator signal that the ultrasonic echo signal that the predetermined level is reflected back obtains.
Further, the span of the scheduled time is ultrasonic propagation corresponding to ultrasonic level gage maximum range
Time, wherein, ultrasonic propagation time corresponding to the ultrasonic level gage maximum range is liquid level distance of predetermined level etc.
In the ultrasonic level gage maximum range, and when the gain of the amplifying circuit is in predetermined maximum gain, by described predetermined
During the oscillator signal that the ultrasonic echo signal that liquid level is reflected back obtains, first more than the predetermined signal strength threshold value when
Between, the time difference between time with launching ultrasonic signal to the predetermined level.
Further, when calculating compensation time λ,Wherein, a and b is constant.
Further, the step of methods described also includes determining a and b value, including：
According to calculating the spread speed of the liquid level distance and the ultrasonic signal of predetermined level in transmission medium
Ultrasonic signal reaches the actual propagation time of the predetermined level；
Obtain measurement propagation time and the time bias factor corresponding to the predetermined level；
A and b are determined according to the poor and described time bias factor of the actual propagation time and the measurement propagation time
Value.
Further, during ultrasonic liquid level measuring is carried out, measuring environment temperature value T；
The ultrasonic signal is calculated under current environmental temperature, aerial spread speed v using below equation：
Wherein, v0Represent ultrasonic signal aerial spread speed at 0 DEG C.
In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problem, the present invention is also based on proposing a kind of ultrasonic wave liquid level measuring apparatus, including：
Ultrasonic wave transtation mission circuit, for sending excitation electric signal to transducer；
Transducer, for launching detection signal to liquid level to be measured according to the excitation electric signal, wherein, the detection signal
For ultrasonic signal, and returned for receiving the ultrasonic echo signal being reflected back through the liquid level to be measured, and by the ultrasonic wave
Ripple signal is converted to electric signal, to obtain feedback signal, wherein, the feedback signal is oscillator signal；
Comparator, for by the feedback signal compared with predetermined signal strength threshold value；
Central processing unit, the time that the detection signal is launched for recording is first time point, and record takes the feedback
Signal is more than the time of the predetermined signal strength threshold value first, to obtain for the second time point, records the feedback signal and is more than
The duration of the predetermined signal strength threshold value, to obtain time bias factor Δ t, and calculate second time point and institute
The time difference between first time point is stated, obtains measuring propagation time t,
The liquid level distance L of the liquid level to be measured is calculated using below equation：Wherein, v is described super
Spread speed of the acoustic signals in transmission medium, λ is to compensate the time, and λ=f (x) | (x=Δ t), and f (x) is dull on x
Successively decrease.
Compared with prior art, Ultrasonic Liquid Level Measurement of the invention and and ultrasonic wave liquid level measuring apparatus, realize
Following beneficial effect：
The actual propagation time is obtained by calculating the compensation time and correcting the measurement propagation time, reduces ultrasonic propagation
The error of time measurement, the accuracy of measurement is improved, compared with prior art, on hardware, it is not necessary to baffle plate, it is not required that
It is convenient to realize, do not increase ultrasonic level gage manufacturing cost using multiple ultrasonic transducers, use the dress simply easily realized
Put, improve the precision of ultrasonic liquid level measuring.
By referring to the drawings to the present invention exemplary embodiment detailed description, further feature of the invention and its
Advantage will be made apparent from.
Brief description of the drawings
Accompanying drawing described herein is used for providing further understanding of the present application, forms the part of the application, this Shen
Schematic description and description please is used to explain the application, does not form the improper restriction to the application.In the accompanying drawings：
Fig. 1 is the flow chart of the Ultrasonic Liquid Level Measurement described in the embodiment of the present application 1；
Fig. 2 is the flow chart of the Ultrasonic Liquid Level Measurement described in the embodiment of the present application 2；
Fig. 3 is the flow chart of the Ultrasonic Liquid Level Measurement described in the embodiment of the present application 3；
Fig. 4 is the generation pulse signal compared with predetermined signal strength threshold value of oscillator signal caused by varying strength echo-signal
Compares figure；
Fig. 5 is liquid level distance and echo signal intensity relation schematic diagram；
Fig. 6 is the composition schematic diagram of the ultrasonic wave liquid level measuring apparatus described in the embodiment of the present application 4；
Fig. 7 is the composition schematic diagram of the ultrasonic wave liquid level measuring apparatus described in the embodiment of the present application 5.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, the present invention is described in detail.
Embodiment 1
The embodiment of the present application 1 is a kind of ultrasonic measuring liquid level method, and referring to Fig. 1, this method includes：
Step S101, launch detection signal to liquid level, wherein, the detection signal is ultrasonic signal, launches the inspection
The time for surveying signal is first time point；
Step S102, receives the ultrasonic echo signal being reflected back through the liquid level to be measured, and by the ultrasonic echo
Signal is converted to electric signal, to obtain feedback signal, wherein, the feedback signal is oscillator signal；
Step S103, by the feedback signal compared with predetermined signal strength threshold value；
Step S104, the time that the feedback signal is more than the predetermined signal strength threshold value first is obtained, to obtain the
Two time points；
Step S105, the duration that the feedback signal is more than the predetermined signal strength threshold value is obtained, during obtaining
Between compensating factor Δ t；
Step S106, the time difference between second time point and the first time point is calculated, obtain measurement and propagate
Time t；
Step S107, the liquid level distance L of the liquid level to be measured is calculated using below equation：Wherein,
V is spread speed of the ultrasonic signal in transmission medium, and λ is to compensate the time, and λ=f (x) | (x=Δ t), and f (x)
On x monotone decreasings.
The method of ultrasonic measuring liquid level described in the present embodiment, by calculating the compensation time and correcting the measurement propagation time
And the actual propagation time is obtained, the error of ultrasonic propagation time measurement is reduced, improves the accuracy of measurement, with existing skill
Art is compared, on hardware, it is not necessary to baffle plate, it is not required that multiple ultrasonic transducers are used, it is convenient to realize, do not increase ultrasonic wave
Liquid level gauge manufacturing cost.
Embodiment 2
A kind of method with ultrasonic measurement liquid level distance, its flow chart include referring to Fig. 2, this method:
Step S201, launch detection signal to liquid level；
Step S202, judge whether to generate pulse signal；
Step S203, calculate ultrasonic wave and pass the propagation time；
Step S204, calculate ultrasonic velocity；
Step S205, judge whether receiving circuit gain is maximum；
Step S206, increase receiving circuit gain；
Step S207, produce alarm signal；
Step S208, provide liquid level range measurements；
In above-mentioned steps S201, launch detection signal to liquid level, wherein the ultrasonic wave that the detection signal is, described in transmitting
The time of detection signal is first time point, then goes to step S202.
In above-mentioned steps S202, started with the first time point in above-mentioned steps S201, in scheduled time tmaxIt is interior, if
Pulse signal is generated, then goes to step S203；If not generating pulse signal, step S206 is gone to.
Further, in above-mentioned steps S202, the process for generating pulse signal is specifically：
The detection signal launched in above-mentioned steps S201 reflects to form echo-signal when running into liquid level, and the echo-signal is through connecing
Receive to produce feedback signal and send receiving circuit to and exported again by receiving circuit, the receiving circuit is electric for the amplification of adjustable gain
Road, the feedback signal are oscillator signal；It is found through experiments that, the feedback signal waveform is as shown in figure 4, feedback letter by the amplification
Number compared with predetermined signal strength threshold value, manner of comparison such as Fig. 4 shows, when feedback signal is more than predetermined signal strength threshold value
When, pulse signal is generated, the duration of the pulse signal is recorded, is designated as Δ t.
Further, by above-mentioned steps S202, the feedback signal first more than the predetermined signal strength threshold value when
Between point be used as the second time point, calculate the time difference between second time point and the first time point, obtain measurement biography
T between sowing time.
Further, by above-mentioned steps S202, the span of predetermined signal strength threshold value is minimum for ultrasonic level gage
The 50% to 75% of peak swing corresponding to range, wherein, peak swing corresponding to the ultrasonic level gage minimum range is
The liquid level distance of predetermined level is equal to the ultrasonic level gage minimum range, and the gain of the amplifying circuit is in and made a reservation for most
During small gain, the peak swing for the oscillator signal that the ultrasonic echo signal that is reflected back by the predetermined level obtains.
Further, by above-mentioned steps S202, the value of the scheduled time is corresponding for ultrasonic level gage maximum range
Ultrasonic propagation time, wherein, ultrasonic propagation time corresponding to the ultrasonic level gage maximum range is predetermined level
Liquid level distance be equal to the ultrasonic level gage maximum range, and the gain of the amplifying circuit is in predetermined maximum gain
When, during the oscillator signal that the ultrasonic echo signal that is reflected back by the predetermined level obtains, first more than the prearranged signals
The time of intensity threshold, the time difference between time with launching ultrasonic signal to the predetermined level.
In above-mentioned steps S203, if generation pulse signal, calculates ultrasonic propagation time, second time is calculated
Time difference between point and the first time point, obtain measuring propagation time t；Compensation time λ is calculated, its principle and algorithm are such as
Under：
When the receiving circuit gain is certain value, can generate in the liquid level distance range of pulse signal, due to ultrasonic wave
And its echo-signal has a decay in communication process, therefore liquid level distance to be measured is different, and the echo signal intensity received is not yet
Together；Generally, liquid level distance is more remote, receives that echo signal intensity is smaller, and accordingly, the intensity of produced oscillator signal is also got over
It is small；As shown in figure 4, the duration of the pulse signal of generation is related to the intensity of oscillator signal, the smaller oscillator signal of intensity
The duration of the pulse signal generated compared with predetermined signal strength threshold value is smaller.Oscillator signal A intensity is more than
Oscillator signal B intensity, the pulse signal A of corresponding generation duration are more than pulse signal B duration；In addition, such as
Shown in Fig. 4, echo-signal it is received caused by oscillator signal intensity it is smaller, from receives echo-signal to generation pulse signal it
Between delay t0Also longer, that is, the pulse signal generated is more delayed, so that the ultrasonic wave measured is from the survey for being transmitted into reception
It is bigger to measure errors of the propagation time t compared with the actual propagation time of ultrasonic wave；In a word, when receiving circuit gain is certain value,
It can generate in the liquid level distance range of pulse signal, liquid level distance is more remote, and the intensity of echo-signal is smaller, caused vibration letter
Number intensity it is smaller, the duration of the pulse signal generated is smaller, and generate pulse signal time more delay, so as to lead
Cause the error in the measurement propagation time of ultrasonic wave bigger.
In summary, it measurement propagation time of the duration of pulse signal to ultrasonic wave can be used to compensate, that is, mend
Repay time λ=f (x) | (x=Δ t), and f (x) is on x monotone decreasings；With measurement propagation time of the compensation time to ultrasonic wave
T is compensated, and can reduce the error in the measurement propagation time of ultrasonic wave, so as to the ultrasonic wave actual propagation time t after compensatingtotal
For ttotal=t+ λ.
It is found through experiments that, as shown in figure 5, being had exponent relation between liquid level distance and echo signal intensity；Therefore, counting
When calculating compensation time λ, the compensation time can be calculated by the use of below equation as time bias formula：
Wherein, parameter a, b is constant, relevant with the ultrasonic reflections intensity of the liquid of liquid level to be measured distance；Parameter a, b obtains
The method of obtaining is as follows, and institute is calculated according to the spread speed of the liquid level distance and the ultrasonic signal of predetermined level in transmission medium
State the actual propagation time that ultrasonic signal reaches the predetermined level；Obtain the measurement propagation time corresponding to the predetermined level
With the time bias factor；It is true according to the poor and described time bias factor of the actual propagation time and the theoretical propagation time
Determine a and b value.
In above-mentioned steps S203, when pulse signal duration x values are Δ t, i.e., x=Δs t is substituted into formula λ=f
(x) | (the compensation time is calculated in x=Δs t)：
By Maclaurin expansion can be the Taylor series with Pei Yanuo (Peano) remainder by above formula for the ease of computing：
Then when x values are Δ t, time bias factor is：
In above-mentioned steps S204, measurement obtains current environmental temperature value T (DEG C), and the ultrasonic wave is calculated using below equation
Signal is under current environmental temperature, aerial spread speed v：
Wherein, v0Represent ultrasonic wave aerial speed at 0 DEG C, v0=331.45m/s.
Above-mentioned steps S205, judge whether receiving circuit gain is maximum, if not being adjusted to maximum, goes to step
S206；If being adjusted to maximum, step S207 is gone to, wherein, the receiving circuit is gain adjustable amplifying circuit.
Above-mentioned steps S206, heightens receiving circuit gain, then goes to step S201, launches detection letter to liquid level again
Number；Specifically, the received generation oscillator signal of echo-signal, make a reservation for if the oscillator signal is less than after receiving circuit is amplified
Signal strength threshold, it will be unable to generate pulse signal, now by heightening receiving circuit gain echo-signal can be may be such that through connecing
Oscillator signal caused by receipts amplifies by the bigger multiple of receiving circuit, and the echo-signal for making distant decay larger can also give birth to
Into pulse signal, so as to improve the quality of reception of echo-signal.
Above-mentioned steps S207, receiving circuit gain have been maximum, then show test solution identity distance from more than the ultrasonic solution
Position meter maximum range, produces alarm signal, and go to step S208.
Above-mentioned steps S208, if turned from step S204, test solution identity distance is from for ultrasonic propagation total time ttotalWith
The half of ultrasonic velocity v product, i.e. test solution identity distance are from L：
If turned from step S207, test solution identity distance is from more than ultrasonic level gage maximum range Lmax., i.e. liquid level face
Distance L ＞ Lmax。
The Ultrasonic Liquid Level Measurement that the present embodiment provides, effectively improves ultrasonic echo by using amplifying circuit
Signal receiving quality, so as to improve the stability of measurement；Meanwhile when being propagated by calculating measurement of the compensation time to ultrasonic wave
Between compensate, reduce the error of ultrasonic propagation time measurement, improve the accuracy of measurement.
Embodiment 3
The embodiment of the present application 3 is a kind of more preferably Ultrasonic Liquid Level Measurement, and its flow chart is referring to Fig. 3, this method bag
Include：
Step S301, measuring environment temperature, ultrasonic velocity is calculated, wherein, ambient temperature value T is measured, then ultrasonic wave exists
Aerial spread speed v is under current environmental temperature：
Wherein, wherein, v0Represent ultrasonic signal aerial spread speed at 0 DEG C；
Step S302, predetermined signal strength threshold value is determined, wherein, the span of the predetermined signal strength threshold value is super
The 50% to 75% of peak swing corresponding to sonic liquid-level meter minimum range, corresponding to the ultrasonic level gage minimum range most
Large amplitude is equal to the ultrasonic level gage minimum range for the liquid level distance of predetermined level, and at the gain of the amplifying circuit
When predetermined least gain, the maximum for the oscillator signal that the ultrasonic echo signal that is reflected back by the predetermined level obtains is shaken
Width.
Step S303, compensating parameter is obtained, specifically, is existed according to the liquid level distance of predetermined level and the ultrasonic signal
Spread speed in transmission medium calculates the actual propagation time that the ultrasonic signal reaches the predetermined level；Described in calculating
Measurement propagation time and the time bias factor corresponding to predetermined level；During according to the actual propagation time with the theoretical propagation
Between the poor and described time bias factor relationDetermine compensating parameter a and b value；
Step S304, launch detection signal to liquid level, and obtain first time point, believe wherein stating detection signal for ultrasonic wave
Number, the time for launching the detection signal is first time point；
Step S305, feedback signal is obtained, specifically, receive the ultrasonic echo letter being reflected back through the liquid level to be measured
Number, and the ultrasonic echo signal is converted into electric signal, to obtain feedback signal, wherein, the feedback signal is vibration
Signal；
Step S306, by the received circuit amplification of feedback signal compared with predetermined signal strength threshold value, wherein, the reception
Circuit is the amplifying circuit of adjustable gain；
Step S307, judge whether to generate pulse signal, specifically, by the feedback signal and predetermined signal strength threshold
After the step of value is compared, when in the given time, when feedback signal is more than the predetermined signal strength threshold value, arteries and veins is produced
Rush signal；Wherein, the value of the scheduled time is ultrasonic propagation time corresponding to ultrasonic level gage maximum range, its
In, ultrasonic propagation time corresponding to the ultrasonic level gage maximum range is equal to described super for the liquid level distance of predetermined level
Sonic liquid-level meter maximum range, and when the gain of the amplifying circuit is in predetermined maximum gain, reflected by the predetermined level
During the oscillator signal that the ultrasonic echo signal returned obtains, first more than the time of the predetermined signal strength threshold value, and to institute
State the time difference between the time of predetermined level transmitting ultrasonic signal.
Step S308, the second time point and the time bias factor are obtained, specifically, the feedback signal is more than described first
The time of predetermined signal strength threshold value, as the second time point；The lasting generation time of the pulse signal is obtained, as described
The time bias factor；
Step S309, the time difference between second time point and the first time point is calculated, obtain measurement and propagate
Time t；
Step S310, the compensation time is calculated, specifically, when pulse signal duration x values are Δ t, i.e., by x=Δs t
Substitute into formula λ=f (x) | (the compensation time is calculated in x=Δs t)；
By Maclaurin expansion can be the Taylor series with Pei Yanuo (Peano) remainder by above formula for the ease of computing：
Then when x values are Δ t, time bias factor is：
Step S311, judge whether receiving circuit gain is maximum, wherein, the receiving circuit is electric for the amplification of adjustable gain
Road, specific method are whether the gain for judging the amplifying circuit reaches predetermined maximum gain, if not up to, going to step
Rapid S312, if reached, go to step S313.
Step S312, heightens receiving circuit gain, then goes to step S304.
Step S313, alarm signal is produced, then goes to step S314.
Step S314, liquid level range measurements are provided, specifically, turn from step S313, that is, produce alarm signal, then liquid
Identity distance is from being more than maximum range L with a distance from Lmax, i.e. L ＞ Lmax；If turned from step S310, formula is utilized
Calculate the liquid level distance of liquid level to be measured.
The Ultrasonic Liquid Level Measurement that the present embodiment provides, effectively change by using receiving circuit amplification feedback signal
The kind ultrasonic echo signal quality of reception, so as to improve the stability of measurement；Meanwhile by calculating the compensation time to ultrasonic wave
The measurement propagation time compensate, reduce the error of ultrasonic propagation time measurement, improve the accuracy of measurement.
Embodiment 4
The embodiment of the present application 4 provides a kind of ultrasonic wave liquid level measuring apparatus according to the methods described of embodiment 1, with reference to figure 6,
The device includes：Central processing unit 10, ultrasonic wave transtation mission circuit 20, transducer 30, comparator 40；
Wherein, central processing unit 10 is connected with ultrasonic wave transtation mission circuit 20, can control ultrasonic wave transtation mission circuit；Centre
Reason device 10 is connected with comparator 40, can receive the signal of the transmission of comparator 40；Central processing unit 10 also has timing, data operation
Etc. function.
Ultrasonic wave transtation mission circuit 20, it is connected with central processing unit 10, the instruction of central processing unit 10 can be received；Ultrasonic wave is sent out
Power transmission road 20 is connected with transducer 30, can send excitation electric signal to transducer 30；
Transducer 30, it is connected with ultrasonic wave transtation mission circuit 20, the excitation electricity of the transmission of ultrasonic wave transtation mission circuit 20 can be received
Signal, and be used as according to excitation electric signal generation ultrasonic signal to liquid level to be measured and launch detection signal；Transducer 30 can also connect
The ultrasonic echo signal being reflected back through the liquid level to be measured is received, and the ultrasonic echo signal is converted into electric signal, is made
For feedback signal, wherein, the feedback signal is oscillator signal；
Comparator 40 is connected with transducer 30, is capable of the feedback signal of the transmission of receive transducer 30, can be by the feedback signal
Compared with predetermined signal strength threshold value；When feedback signal is more than predetermined signal strength threshold value, comparator 40 generates pulse
Signal；Comparator 40 is connected with central processing unit 10, can send the pulse signal of generation to central processing 10.
The process of the present embodiment measurement device liquid level distance is as follows：
Central processing unit 10 sends measurement instruction to ultrasonic wave transtation mission circuit 20, and ultrasonic wave transtation mission circuit 20 receives measurement and referred to
Excitation electric signal is sent after order to transducer 30, transducer 30 is produced ultrasonic signal as detection signal to liquid level transmitting,
Central processing 10 should record the time for launching the detection signal as first time point simultaneously；The detection signal runs into liquid level
Ultrasonic echo signal is reflected to form to be received by transducer 30, the ultrasonic echo signal is converted to electric signal by transducer 30,
Comparator 40 is sent to as feedback signal, and by the feedback signal, when feedback signal is more than predetermined signal strength threshold value, than
Pulse signal is generated compared with device 40 and sends the pulse signal to central processing unit 10, and the record of central processing unit 10 takes the feedback
Signal is more than the time of the predetermined signal strength threshold value as the second time point first；Central processing unit 10 should record institute simultaneously
The duration that feedback signal is more than the predetermined signal strength threshold value is stated, to obtain time bias factor Δ t；Central processing unit
10 and the time difference between second time point and the first time point is calculated, obtain measuring propagation time t；Using following
Formula calculates the liquid level distance L of the liquid level to be measured：Wherein, v is that the ultrasonic signal is transmitting
Spread speed in medium, λ is to compensate the time, and λ=f (x) | (x=Δ t), and f (x) is on x monotone decreasings.
Compared with prior art, the present embodiment improves the essence of ultrasonic liquid level measuring using the device simply easily realized
Exactness.
Embodiment 5
The embodiment of the present invention 2 provides a kind of ultrasonic wave liquid level measuring apparatus using the method for above-described embodiment 1, for surveying
Measure liquid level distance, its form schematic diagram as shown in fig. 7, comprising central processing unit 10, ultrasonic wave transtation mission circuit 20, transducer 30,
Comparator 40, ultrasonic wave receiving circuit 50, gain control module 60, temperature-measuring module 70.
Wherein, temperature-measuring module 70, ultrasonic wave transtation mission circuit 20, comparator 40, gain control module 60 are respectively with
Central processor 10 connects, and can be in communication with each other.
Transducer 30 and ultrasonic wave transtation mission circuit 20, the signal of the transmission of ultrasonic wave transtation mission circuit 20 can be received and then sent super
Sound wave；Transducer 30 is connected with ultrasonic wave receiving circuit 50, can receive the echo-signal and oscillator signal of ultrasonic reflections, then
Pass to ultrasonic wave receiving circuit 50；In addition, the intensity of echo-signal is smaller, then the intensity of oscillator signal caused by transducer 30
It is smaller.
Ultrasonic wave receiving circuit 50 can receive transducer 30 transmit oscillator signal, then the oscillator signal is amplified and passed
Pass comparator 40.
Predetermined signal strength threshold value can be set in comparator 40, comparator 40 receives putting for the transmission of ultrasonic wave receiving circuit 50
After big oscillator signal, by the oscillator signal compared with the predetermined signal strength threshold value set, when the oscillator signal of amplification
During more than predetermined signal strength threshold value, comparator 40 generates pulse signal and this pulse signal is passed into central processing unit 10.
Gain control module 60 is connected with ultrasonic wave receiving circuit 50, and gain control module 60 is according to central processing unit 10
The gain of instruction regulation ultrasonic wave receiving circuit 50.
When measurement starts, central processing unit 10 produces more than 1 and the PWM square-wave signals of 30 identical frequency of transducer, PWM
Square-wave signal is transferred to transducer 30 after the enhanced processing of ultrasonic wave transtation mission circuit 20, and excitation transducer 30 sends cluster and surpassed
Sound wave is simultaneously launched to liquid level to be measured, while central processing unit 10 records transducer 30 and launches the initial time of ultrasonic wave as first
Time point；The ultrasonic wave that transducer 30 is sent reflects to form echo-signal after liquid level is run into, and echo-signal returns to transducing
After device 30, transducer 30 produces cluster oscillator signal, and oscillator signal passes to after the enhanced processing of ultrasonic wave receiving circuit 50
Comparator 40；When the oscillator signal intensity exceedes the predetermined signal strength threshold value in comparator 40, comparator 40 generates one
Pulse signal, pass to central processing unit 10；When the initial time of the record generation pulse signal of central processing unit 10 is as second
Between point；Calculate the time difference between second time point and the first time point, you can obtain measuring propagation time t；In
Central processor 10 records the duration of the pulse signal received, is designated as Δ t, substitutes into time bias formula λ=f (x) | (x=
Δ t), calculate compensation time λ：
By Maclaurin expansion can be the Taylor series with Pei Yanuo (Peano) remainder by above formula for the ease of computing：
Then when x values are Δ t, time bias factor is：
The ultrasonic measurement propagation time is compensated, it is t to obtain the ultrasonic wave actual propagation timetotal：
ttotal=t+ λ
The temperature T (DEG C) of present air is obtained by the measurement of temperature-measuring module 70, it is public according to ultrasonic velocity and temperature
Current ultrasonic velocity v is calculated in formula：
Wherein, v0Represent ultrasonic wave aerial speed at 0 DEG C, v0=331.45m/s.
Test solution identity distance is from for ultrasonic propagation time ttotalWith the half of ultrasonic velocity v product, i.e., tested liquid level
Distance L is：
If central processing unit 10 starts the t that ultrasonic propagation timing risesmaxIn time, central processing unit 10 does not receive
Pulse signal, then central processing unit 10 increasing of ultrasonic wave receiving circuit 50 is judged by the communication between gain control module 60
Whether benefit has been transferred to maximum；If not being transferred to maximum, gain control module 60 heightens ultrasound according to the order of central processing unit 10
The gain of ripple receiving circuit 50, then measurement restart.
If maximum has been transferred in the gain of ultrasonic wave receiving circuit 50, starts ultrasonic propagation timing in central processing unit 10 and rise
TmaxIn time, central processing unit 10 does not receive pulse signal yet, then central processing unit 10 produces alarm signal, now surveys
Liquid level distance exceeds maximum range Lmax, i.e. liquid level distance L ＞ Lmax。
Ultrasonic wave liquid level measuring apparatus in the present embodiment can effectively be changed by adjusting the gain of ultrasonic wave receiving circuit
The reception of kind ultrasonic echo signal, so as to improve the stability of measurement；Meanwhile the measurement propagation time to ultrasonic wave
Compensate, can effectively reduce the error of ultrasonic propagation time measurement, improve the accuracy of measurement.
Although some specific embodiments of the present invention are described in detail by example, the skill of this area
Art personnel it should be understood that example above merely to illustrating, the scope being not intended to be limiting of the invention.The skill of this area
Art personnel to above example it should be understood that can modify without departing from the scope and spirit of the present invention.This hair
Bright scope is defined by the following claims.
Claims (10)
- A kind of 1. Ultrasonic Liquid Level Measurement, it is characterised in that including：To liquid level to be measured launch detection signal, wherein, the detection signal is ultrasonic signal, launch the detection signal when Between be first time point；The ultrasonic echo signal being reflected back through the liquid level to be measured is received, and the ultrasonic echo signal is converted into telecommunications Number, to obtain feedback signal, wherein, the feedback signal is oscillator signal；By the feedback signal compared with predetermined signal strength threshold value；The time that the feedback signal is more than the predetermined signal strength threshold value first is obtained, to obtain for the second time point；The duration that the feedback signal is more than the predetermined signal strength threshold value is obtained, to obtain time bias factor Δ t；The time difference between second time point and the first time point is calculated, obtains measuring propagation time t；The liquid level distance L of the liquid level to be measured is calculated using below equation：Wherein, v is the ultrasonic wave Spread speed of the signal in transmission medium, λ is to compensate the time, and λ=f (x) | (x=Δ t), and f (x) passs on x dullnesses Subtract.
- 2. Ultrasonic Liquid Level Measurement according to claim 1, it is characterised in thatAfter by the feedback signal compared with predetermined signal strength threshold value the step of, methods described also includes：Work as institute When stating feedback signal and being more than the predetermined signal strength threshold value, a pulse signal is produced；Wherein, the time that the feedback signal is more than the predetermined signal strength threshold value first is obtained, to obtain for the second time point The step of include：The time caused by the first pulse signal is obtained, to obtain second time point；The duration that the feedback signal is more than the predetermined signal strength threshold value is obtained, to obtain the step of the time bias factor Suddenly include：The lasting generation time of the pulse signal is obtained, to obtain the time bias factor.
- 3. Ultrasonic Liquid Level Measurement according to claim 2, it is characterised in thatBefore the step of by the feedback signal compared with predetermined signal strength threshold value, methods described also includes：Using The feedback signal is amplified by amplifying circuit；The step of by the feedback signal compared with the predetermined signal strength threshold value, includes：By the feedback after amplification Signal is compared with the predetermined signal strength threshold value；After the step of feedback signal after by amplification is compared with predetermined signal strength threshold value, methods described is also wrapped Include：If increase the gain of the amplifying circuit without the pulse signal is produced in the given time.
- 4. Ultrasonic Liquid Level Measurement according to claim 3, it is characterised in thatBefore the gain of the amplifying circuit is increased, methods described also includes：Judge whether the gain of the amplifying circuit reaches To predetermined maximum gain；Wherein, if the gain of the amplifying circuit is not up to the predetermined maximum gain, the increasing for increasing the amplifying circuit is performed The step of benefit, if the gain of the amplifying circuit has reached the predetermined maximum gain, produces alarm signal.
- 5. Ultrasonic Liquid Level Measurement according to claim 3, it is characterised in thatThe span of the predetermined signal strength threshold value is 50% of peak swing corresponding to ultrasonic level gage minimum range To 75%, wherein, peak swing corresponding to the ultrasonic level gage minimum range is equal to institute for the liquid level distance of predetermined level Ultrasonic level gage minimum range is stated, and when the gain of the amplifying circuit is in predetermined least gain, by the predetermined level The peak swing for the oscillator signal that the ultrasonic echo signal being reflected back obtains.
- 6. Ultrasonic Liquid Level Measurement according to claim 3, it is characterised in thatThe value of the scheduled time is ultrasonic propagation time corresponding to ultrasonic level gage maximum range, wherein, it is described super Ultrasonic propagation time corresponding to sonic liquid-level meter maximum range is equal to the supersonic liquid level for the liquid level distance of predetermined level Maximum range is counted, and when the gain of the amplifying circuit is in predetermined maximum gain, the ultrasound being reflected back by the predetermined level During the oscillator signal that ripple echo-signal obtains, first more than the time of the predetermined signal strength threshold value, and to the predetermined liquid Time difference between the time of surface launching ultrasonic signal.
- 7. Ultrasonic Liquid Level Measurement according to claim 1, it is characterised in thatWhen calculating compensation time λ,Wherein, compensating parameter a and b is constant.
- 8. Ultrasonic Liquid Level Measurement according to claim 7, it is characterised in that methods described also includes determining compensation The step of parameter a and b value, including：The ultrasound is calculated according to the spread speed of the liquid level distance and the ultrasonic signal of predetermined level in transmission medium Ripple signal reaches the actual propagation time of the predetermined level；Obtain measurement propagation time and the time bias factor corresponding to the predetermined level；A and b value are determined according to the poor and described time bias factor of the actual propagation time and the theoretical propagation time.
- 9. Ultrasonic Liquid Level Measurement according to claim 1, it is characterised in thatMethods described also includes：During ultrasonic liquid level measuring is carried out, measuring environment temperature value T；The ultrasonic signal is calculated under current environmental temperature, aerial spread speed v using below equation：<mrow> <mi>v</mi> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mi>v</mi> <mn>0</mn> </msub> <mo>&CenterDot;</mo> <msqrt> <mrow> <mn>1</mn> <mo>+</mo> <mfrac> <mi>T</mi> <mn>273.15</mn> </mfrac> </mrow> </msqrt> <mo>,</mo> </mrow>Wherein, v0Represent ultrasonic signal aerial spread speed at 0 DEG C.
- A kind of 10. ultrasonic wave liquid level measuring apparatus, it is characterised in that including：Ultrasonic wave transtation mission circuit, for sending excitation electric signal to transducer；The transducer, for launching detection signal to liquid level to be measured according to the excitation electric signal, wherein, the detection signal For ultrasonic signal, and returned for receiving the ultrasonic echo signal being reflected back through the liquid level to be measured, and by the ultrasonic wave Ripple signal is converted to electric signal, to obtain feedback signal, wherein, the feedback signal is oscillator signal；Comparator, for by the feedback signal compared with predetermined signal strength threshold value；Central processing unit, the time that the detection signal is launched for recording is first time point, and record takes the feedback signal It is more than the time of the predetermined signal strength threshold value first, to obtain for the second time point, records the feedback signal more than described The duration of predetermined signal strength threshold value, to obtain time bias factor Δ t, and calculate second time point and described the Time difference between one time point, obtain measuring propagation time t,The liquid level distance L of the liquid level to be measured is calculated using below equation：Wherein, v is the ultrasonic wave Spread speed of the signal in transmission medium, λ is to compensate the time, and λ=f (x) | (x=Δ t), and f (x) passs on x dullnesses Subtract.
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