CN114001804B - Calibration method and system of ultrasonic metering device based on time difference method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a calibration method and a system for an ultrasonic metering device based on a time difference method, wherein air is used for simulating fuel gas to construct a pipeline environment, a group of theoretical flight time is calculated based on a static air calibration environment, a group of actual flight time is acquired, calibration is carried out according to the theoretical flight time and the actual flight time, delay time is indirectly obtained, the influence of factors such as manufacturing process difference and nonlinearity of ultrasonic transducer hardware is considered, the delay time caused by the hardware and an ultrasonic transmission process is not required to be directly calculated accurately, the calculated amount and the cost are reduced, the delay time difference caused by the ultrasonic transducer hardware is calculated before the ultrasonic metering device is used, the metering precision of the ultrasonic metering device is improved, the method is simple and convenient to implement, and a precise data basis is provided for the subsequent calculation of the ultrasonic metering device.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of flowmeter calibration, in particular to a method and a system for calibrating an ultrasonic metering device based on a time difference method.
Background
Along with the increasing requirements of the gas metering field on the gas metering precision, ultrasonic gas meters are rising. Compared with a diaphragm gas meter, the ultrasonic gas meter has the advantages of wide measuring range, small volume, simple structure, high metering precision, good stability and the like; the ultrasonic gas meter has the advantages of non-contact measurement, no movable parts, no pressure loss, extremely high metering precision and the like, and becomes a research hot spot in the field of gas metering. The ultrasonic gas meter metering principle is to estimate the instantaneous flow by utilizing the difference of the time of ultrasonic waves in forward flow and backward flow directions. The estimation of the average flow rate is mainly controlled by the time difference Δt of the time of flight and the time of flight irrespective of the influence of the sound velocity by the environment in the pipe. Limited by the performance and hardware cost of the ultrasound transducer, accurate estimation of Δt cannot rely solely on increasing the sampling density to the target granularity. Therefore, it is necessary to perform accurate estimation of Δt by numerical calculation at a low sampling frequency.
However, when the measurement of the up-flight time and the down-flight time is performed, on one hand, due to the performance and the cost of the ultrasonic transducer hardware, a certain delay error is caused to the measurement of the up-flight time and the down-flight time;
since the ultrasonic transducer emits by converting the piezoelectric ceramic from electricity to mechanical vibration and propagates through the gaseous medium, reaching the receiving transducer is an inverse process, i.e. converting the mechanical vibration (mechanical energy) to electrical energy (i.e. receiving signal voltage), and since the oscillation of the ultrasonic wave is a small to large process due to the influence of inertia, the just-started receiving signal is very weak, and since the just-started signal is also submerged in noise due to various noise influences, we delay for a certain time, such as 15% of the arrival time at the maximum envelope amplitude, as the arrival time of the receiving signal, in order to stabilize the arrival time of the detecting signal. Thus, a fixed time offset Toffset is introduced, and the fixed time offset Toffset is basically determined by an estimation method at present, and the determination of the fixed time offset Toffset further influences the metering accuracy of the flowmeter. If the fixed offset can be accurately measured, and is compensated and eliminated in actual measurement, the flow metering accuracy can be improved.
A calibration method is therefore needed to compensate for the above errors.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems that when the measurement of the upward flight time and the downward flight time is carried out, the measurement accuracy of the flowmeter is affected by the determination of parameters such as the upward flight time, the downward flight time, the fixed time offset Toffset and the like due to the transmission characteristics of the ultrasonic transducer; the invention aims to provide a calibration method and a calibration system of an ultrasonic metering device based on a time difference method, so as to solve the technical problems.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the scheme provides a calibration method of an ultrasonic metering device based on a time difference method, which comprises the following steps:
step one: starting an ultrasonic metering device to be calibrated in a static air calibration environment;
step two: collecting environmental parameters of a static air calibration environment and actual flight of ultrasonic waves in the static air calibration environmentTime t s ；
Step three: calculating the propagation speed C of ultrasonic waves in a static air calibration environment according to environmental parameters f ，
Step four: based on environmental parameters and propagation velocity C f Calculating theoretical flight time t of ultrasonic waves in static air calibration environment according to a time difference method model l ；
Step five: theoretical flight time t based on ultrasonic wave in static air calibration environment l And actual time of flight t s The ultrasonic metering device is calibrated.
The working principle of the scheme is as follows: in the time difference method, the time of ultrasonic wave passing through fluid is an important parameter in the metering process, in the existing flowmeter calibration process, the influence of parameters such as the transmission characteristic of an ultrasonic transducer, the upward flight time, the downward flight time, the fixed time offset Toffset and the like on the metering precision of the flowmeter is often ignored, because the ultrasonic transducer is transmitted through piezoelectric ceramics to be converted into mechanical vibration from electricity and is transmitted through a gas medium, the arrival of the ultrasonic wave at a receiving end is an inverse process, namely the conversion from mechanical vibration (mechanical energy) into electric energy (namely the voltage of a receiving signal) is realized, the starting vibration of the ultrasonic wave is a small-to-large process, the receiving signal just started is very weak, and the signal just started is submerged in noise due to various noise influences, so that in order to stabilize the arrival time of a detection signal, the arrival time at 15% of the maximum envelope amplitude is delayed for a period of time, for example, the arrival time at 15% of the maximum envelope amplitude is taken as the arrival time of the receiving signal. The method is characterized in that a fixed time offset Toffset is introduced, the existing fixed time offset Toffset is basically determined by an estimation method, the determination of the fixed time offset Toffset further influences the metering precision of the flowmeter, namely, the estimated flight time comprises the actual flight time and delay time of ultrasonic waves, and the delay time is mainly caused by the processes of determining the up-flight time, the down-flight time and the fixed time offset Toffset;
the method is simple and convenient to implement, and provides a precise data basis for the subsequent calculation of the ultrasonic metering device.
Often ignores ultrasonic flight time errors caused by factors such as start-up delay of hardware such as a flowmeter transducer and the like,
when the flowmeter is calibrated in the prior art, the flowmeter can be calibrated in the air, the calibration in the real air has certain potential safety hazard, the operation such as waste gas collection and filtration is required, and the calibration process is complex; the scheme is calibrated in the air, so that the operation is convenient and safe, and the environment is protected and energy is saved.
The further optimization scheme is that the static air calibration environment is in a closed pipeline at room temperature, the inner cavity of the pipeline is filled with air, and the section of the inner cavity of the pipeline is circular or rectangular.
Further optimizing scheme is that the environmental parameters of the static air calibration environment comprise: a static air specific heat ratio, a static air pressure, and a static air density.
A further optimization is that the propagation speed C of ultrasonic wave in static air calibration environment f The calculation method comprises the following steps:
according toCalculating the propagation velocity C f ；
Wherein gamma is the specific heat ratio of the static air, P is the static air pressure, and ρ is the static air density.
The further optimization scheme is that the time difference method model is as follows:
wherein: t is t up For the time of flight of the ultrasonic wave in the pipeline, t down The lower flight time of the ultrasonic wave in the pipeline; l is the channel length of the ultrasonic wave,is the channel angle of the ultrasonic wave; v (V) m V in still air, which is the average velocity of the fluid in the pipe m ＝0。
When in static air V m When the time of flight is=0, the flow velocity of the fluid in the pipeline is counteracted in the process of calculating the time of flight, the fluid does not participate in calculation, the time of flight is not influenced, and the calibration precision is effectively improved.
The practical use principle of using ultrasonic metering device in the calibration process is more in line with the practical use process, and V in the static air m In the process of calculating the flight time, the flow velocity of the fluid in the pipeline is counteracted, the fluid does not participate in calculation, the flight time is not influenced, and the calibration precision is effectively improved.
The further optimization scheme is that the specific method of the fifth step comprises the following steps:
first, the theoretical flight time t is calculated l And actual time of flight t s Delta t of (d);
and compensating delta t into the measurement of the ultrasonic measuring device.
The scheme also provides a calibration system based on the ultrasonic metering device by a time difference method, which is constructed based on the calibration method based on the ultrasonic metering device by the time difference method, and comprises the following steps: the device comprises a starting module, an acquisition module, a first calculation module, a second calculation module and a calibration module;
the starting module is used for enabling the ultrasonic metering device to be calibrated to start in a static air calibration environment;
the acquisition module is used for acquiring environmental parameters of the static air calibration environment and the actual flight time t of ultrasonic waves in the static air calibration environment s ；
The first calculation module is used for calculating the propagation speed C of ultrasonic waves in the static air calibration environment according to the environmental parameters f ，
The second calculation module is used for being based on the environmental parameter and the propagation speed C f Calculating theoretical flight time t of ultrasonic waves in static air calibration environment according to a time difference method model l ；
The calibration module is used for calibrating the theoretical flight time t of the environment in the static air based on ultrasonic waves l And actual time of flight t s The ultrasonic metering device is calibrated.
The further optimization scheme is that the static air calibration environment is in a closed pipeline at room temperature, the inner cavity of the pipeline is filled with air, and the section of the inner cavity of the pipeline is circular or rectangular.
The further optimization scheme is that the static acquisition module comprises: the device comprises a specific heat ratio acquisition unit, a pressure acquisition unit, a density acquisition unit and a flight time acquisition unit;
the specific heat ratio acquisition unit is used for acquiring the specific heat ratio of the static air in the static air calibration environment;
the pressure acquisition unit is used for acquiring the pressure of the static air in the static air calibration environment;
the density acquisition unit is used for acquiring the density of the static air in the static air calibration environment.
A further optimization is that the propagation speed C of ultrasonic wave in static air calibration environment f The calculation method comprises the following steps:
according toCalculate C f ；
Wherein gamma is the specific heat ratio of the static air, P is the static air pressure, and ρ is the static air density.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
according to the calibration method and the calibration system for the ultrasonic metering device based on the time difference method, provided by the invention, the pipeline environment is constructed by using air to simulate fuel gas, a group of theoretical flight time is calculated based on the static air calibration environment, a group of actual flight time is acquired, calibration is carried out according to the theoretical flight time and the actual flight time, the delay time is indirectly obtained, the delay time caused by hardware and an ultrasonic transmission process is not required to be accurately calculated in consideration of factors such as manufacturing process differences and nonlinearity of the hardware of the ultrasonic transducer, the calculated amount and the cost are reduced, the delay time difference caused by the hardware of the ultrasonic transducer is calculated before the ultrasonic metering device is used, the metering precision of the ultrasonic metering device is improved, the method is simple and convenient to implement, and a precise data basis is provided for subsequent calculation of the ultrasonic metering device.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the exemplary embodiments of the present invention, the drawings that are needed in the examples will be briefly described below, it being understood that the following drawings only illustrate some examples of the present invention and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope, and that other related drawings may be obtained from these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a calibration method of an ultrasonic metering device based on a time difference method;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the ultrasonic measuring device based on the time difference method.
In the drawings, the reference numerals and corresponding part names:
1-transmitting end transducer, 2-receiving end transducer.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of making apparent the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention, the present invention will be further described in detail with reference to the following examples and the accompanying drawings, wherein the exemplary embodiments of the present invention and the descriptions thereof are for illustrating the present invention only and are not to be construed as limiting the present invention.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 2, the present embodiment provides a calibration method of an ultrasonic metering device based on a time difference method, which includes the steps of:
step one: starting an ultrasonic metering device to be calibrated in a static air calibration environment;
step two: acquiring environmental parameters of a static air calibration environment and actual flight time t of ultrasonic waves in the static air calibration environment s ；
Step three: calculating the propagation speed C of ultrasonic waves in a static air calibration environment according to environmental parameters f ，
Step four: based on environmental parameters and propagation velocity C f Calculating theoretical flight time t of ultrasonic waves in static air calibration environment according to a time difference method model l ；
Step five: theoretical flight time t based on ultrasonic wave in static air calibration environment l And actual time of flight t s The ultrasonic metering device is calibrated.
The static air calibration environment is in a closed pipeline at room temperature, the inner cavity of the pipeline is filled with air, and the section of the inner cavity of the pipeline is circular or rectangular.
The environmental parameters of the static air calibration environment include: a static air specific heat ratio, a static air pressure, and a static air density.
Propagation speed C of ultrasonic waves in a static air calibration environment f The calculation method comprises the following steps:
according toCalculating the propagation velocity C f ；
Wherein gamma is the specific heat ratio of the static air, P is the static air pressure, and ρ is the static air density.
The measuring principle of the ultrasonic measuring device based on the time difference method is shown in fig. 2, ultrasonic waves are emitted from the transmitting end transducer 1, pass through a fluid medium and are received by the receiving end transducer 2, and the ultrasonic waves are emitted from the transmitting end transducer 1 to the received ultrasonic wavesThe end transducer 2 receives the time of flight t of the ultrasonic wave down The corresponding time for the ultrasonic wave emitted from the receiving-end transducer 2 to pass through the medium to reach the transmitting-end transducer 1 is the lower flight time t up 。
The time difference method model is as follows:
wherein: t is t up For the time of flight of the ultrasonic wave in the pipeline, t down The lower flight time of the ultrasonic wave in the pipeline; l is the channel length of the ultrasonic wave,is the channel angle of the ultrasonic wave; v (V) m V in still air, which is the average velocity of the fluid in the pipe m ＝0。
The specific method of the fifth step comprises the following steps:
first, the theoretical flight time t is calculated l And actual time of flight t s Delta t of (d);
and compensating delta t into the measurement of the ultrasonic measuring device.
Example 2
Based on the calibration method construction of the previous embodiment, the present embodiment provides a calibration system of an ultrasonic metering device based on a time difference method, including: the device comprises a starting module, an acquisition module, a first calculation module, a second calculation module and a calibration module;
the starting module is used for enabling the ultrasonic metering device to be calibrated to be started in a static air calibration environment;
the acquisition module is used for acquiring the environmental parameters of the static air calibration environment and the actual flight time t of the ultrasonic waves in the static air calibration environment s ；
The first calculation module is used for calculating the propagation speed C of ultrasonic waves in the static air calibration environment according to the environmental parameters f ，
The second calculation module is used for being based on the environmental parameters and the propagation speed C f Calculating theoretical flight time t of ultrasonic waves in static air calibration environment according to a time difference method model l ；
The calibration module is used for calibrating the theoretical flight time t of the environment in the static air based on ultrasonic waves l And actual time of flight t s The ultrasonic metering device is calibrated.
The static air calibration environment is in a closed pipeline at room temperature, the inner cavity of the pipeline is filled with air, and the cross section of the inner cavity of the pipeline is circular or rectangular.
The static collection module comprises: the device comprises a specific heat ratio acquisition unit, a pressure acquisition unit, a density acquisition unit and a flight time acquisition unit;
the specific heat ratio acquisition unit is used for acquiring the specific heat ratio of the static air in the static air calibration environment;
the pressure acquisition unit is used for acquiring the pressure of the static air in the static air calibration environment;
the density acquisition unit is used for acquiring the density of the static air in the static air calibration environment.
Propagation speed C of ultrasonic waves in a static air calibration environment f The calculation method comprises the following steps:
according toCalculate C f ；
Wherein gamma is the specific heat ratio of the static air, P is the static air pressure, and ρ is the static air density.
The foregoing description of the embodiments has been provided for the purpose of illustrating the general principles of the invention, and is not meant to limit the scope of the invention, but to limit the invention to the particular embodiments, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements, etc. that fall within the spirit and principles of the invention are intended to be included within the scope of the invention.
Claims (8)
1. The method for calibrating the ultrasonic metering device based on the time difference method is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step one: starting an ultrasonic metering device to be calibrated in a static air calibration environment;
step two: acquiring environmental parameters of a static air calibration environment and actual flight time t of ultrasonic waves in the static air calibration environment s ；
Step three: calculating the propagation speed C of ultrasonic waves in a static air calibration environment according to environmental parameters f ，
Step four: based on environmental parameters and propagation velocity C f Calculating theoretical flight time t of ultrasonic waves in static air calibration environment according to a time difference method model l ；
Step five: theoretical flight time t based on ultrasonic wave in static air calibration environment l And actual time of flight t s Calibrating the ultrasonic metering device;
propagation speed C of ultrasonic waves in a static air calibration environment f The calculation method comprises the following steps:
according toCalculating the propagation velocity C f ；
Wherein gamma is the specific heat ratio of the static air, P is the static air pressure, and ρ is the static air density;
the time difference method model is as follows:
wherein: t is t up For the time of flight of the ultrasonic wave in the pipeline, t down The lower flight time of the ultrasonic wave in the pipeline; l is the channel length of the ultrasonic wave,is the channel angle of the ultrasonic wave; v (V) m V in still air, which is the average velocity of the fluid in the pipe m ＝0。
2. The method for calibrating the ultrasonic metering device based on the time difference method according to claim 1, wherein the static air calibration environment is a closed pipeline at room temperature, the inner cavity of the pipeline is filled with air, and the cross section of the inner cavity of the pipeline is circular or rectangular.
3. The method of calibrating an ultrasonic metering device based on a time difference method according to claim 1, wherein the environmental parameters of the static air calibration environment comprise: a static air specific heat ratio, a static air pressure, and a static air density.
4. The method for calibrating an ultrasonic metering device based on a time difference method according to claim 1, wherein the specific method of the fifth step comprises the following steps:
first, the theoretical flight time t is calculated l And actual time of flight t s Delta t of (d);
and compensating delta t into the measurement of the ultrasonic measuring device.
5. A calibration system for an ultrasonic measurement device based on a time difference method, characterized in that the calibration method for an ultrasonic measurement device based on a time difference method according to any one of claims 1 to 4 comprises: the device comprises a starting module, an acquisition module, a first calculation module, a second calculation module and a calibration module;
the starting module is used for enabling the ultrasonic metering device to be calibrated to start in a static air calibration environment;
the acquisition module is used for acquiring environmental parameters of the static air calibration environment and the actual flight time t of ultrasonic waves in the static air calibration environment s ；
The first calculation module is used for calculating the propagation speed C of ultrasonic waves in the static air calibration environment according to the environmental parameters f ，
The second calculation module is used for being based on the environmental parameter and the propagation speed C f According to the time difference method model, calculating the static ultrasonic waveTheoretical time of flight t for an air calibration environment l ；
The calibration module is used for calibrating the theoretical flight time t of the environment in the static air based on ultrasonic waves l And actual time of flight t s The ultrasonic metering device is calibrated.
6. The calibration system of the ultrasonic metering device based on the time difference method according to claim 5, wherein the static air calibration environment is a closed pipeline at room temperature, the inner cavity of the pipeline is filled with air, and the cross section of the inner cavity of the pipeline is circular or rectangular.
7. The calibration system of a time-difference ultrasonic metrology device of claim 5, wherein the acquisition module comprises: the device comprises a specific heat ratio acquisition unit, a pressure acquisition unit, a density acquisition unit and a flight time acquisition unit;
the specific heat ratio acquisition unit is used for acquiring the specific heat ratio of the static air in the static air calibration environment;
the pressure acquisition unit is used for acquiring the pressure of the static air in the static air calibration environment;
the density acquisition unit is used for acquiring the density of the static air in the static air calibration environment.
8. The calibration system for a time-difference ultrasonic metrology apparatus of claim 5, wherein the propagation velocity of the ultrasonic waves, C, in the still air calibration environment f The calculation method comprises the following steps:
according toCalculate C f ；
Wherein gamma is the specific heat ratio of the static air, P is the static air pressure, and ρ is the static air density.
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| CN117029975B (en) * | 2023-10-09 | 2023-12-15 | 成都千嘉科技股份有限公司 | Multi-environment self-adaption method of ultrasonic gas meter |
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