CN102749107A - High-precision time difference type single-pulse ultrasonic flowmeter system and flow measurement method thereof - Google Patents
High-precision time difference type single-pulse ultrasonic flowmeter system and flow measurement method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a high-precision time difference type single-pulse ultrasonic flowmeter system and a flow measurement method thereof. The method comprises the following steps of: sending a control signal to a transceiving switch unit and a single-pulse signal transmitting and driving unit; sending a standard time delay signal to a phase discrimination integral unit; calculating to obtain a time difference of the ultrasonic sequential stroke transmission and the ultrasonic return stroke transmission in a flowmeter pipeline by measured ultrasonic sequential stroke transmission time and the measured ultrasonic return stroke transmission time; selecting an ultrasonic energy converter; generating a single-period sine wave signal; sending the signal to the ultrasonic energy converter; sending an ultrasonic signal to an ultrasonic signal processing unit; filtering and amplifying the ultrasonic signal; determining an arrival signal by zero detection and threshold value detection; comparing the arrival signal with the standard time delay signal to obtain the ultrasonic sequential stroke transmission time and ultrasonic return stroke transmission time; and according to the time difference of the ultrasonic sequential stroke transmission and the ultrasonic return stroke transmission as well as the pipeline diameter, calculating to obtain the unit time flow of pipeline fluid.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the flow measurement technical field, relate in particular to a kind of high precision time difference formula monopulse ultrasonic flow meter systems and measuring method of flow thereof.
Background technology
Ultrasonic flow meter is for mechanical type and electromagnetic flow instrument; Have that adaptability to caliber is strong, range ratio big, no movable member, non-cpntact measurement; Zero pressure loses, is easy to advantages such as maintenance; Be regarded as the most promising flow metering equipment, particularly in the metering of heating heat, obtained using widely in recent years.
Measuring ultrasonic wave flow mainly carries out through following five steps as a kind of volume metering method:
1) the pipe interior ultrasonic probe is launched sound wave in fluid, starts timing, received ultrasonic signal after certain hour.
2) ultrasonic signal that receives is carried out pre-service, judge and sound wave time of arrival to finish timing, obtain sound travel upstream and downstream sound wave along the journey travel-time.
3) repeat 1), 2) step, but former transmitting transducer becomes receiving transducer, receiving transducer becomes transmitting transducer, obtains the sound travel upstream and downstream sound wave flyback travel-time.
4) temperature of fluid according to along the travel-time difference of journey and flyback, measurement the time, and under this temperature the velocity of propagation of sound wave in fluid, calculate rate of flow of fluid.
5) by the density value of fluid under measuring channel area and the measurement temperature, pressure, calculate fluid flow.
There is following shortcoming in the prior art:
1) existing ultrasonic flow meter adopts multiple-pulse radiating circuit or high pressure narrow-band ping generation circuit emission ultrasound wave.But multiple-pulse radiating circuit energy is not concentrated, and it is less to receive the signal first wave amplitude, poor signal to noise, and the reception signal processing circuit is complicated, cost is higher; And during with high pressure narrow-band ping emission ultrasound wave; Transducer commutation pulse signal energy inside fully exists higher order resonances promptly can not change and send out all frequency contents in the pulse signal fully; Cause transducer inside to have high-frequency resonant; When receiving signal, produce and disturb, can only use as emission or reception separately; And take the multichannel arrangement to carry out forward and reverse time difference measurements, and make device increase, complicated circuit, and because sound channel increases and needs more arrangement space, be not suitable for tubule footpath flow velocity and measure.
2) existing ultrasonic flow meter adopts FPGA or CPLD circuit collocation crystal oscillator to come timing, and system complex and timing resolution are merely 5-10ns; Or adopt timing chip TDC-GP2 exploitation timing circuit, and though timing resolution can reach 65ps, cost an arm and a leg, account for the flowmeter cost than great, be unfavorable for cost control.In addition, when adopting special-purpose timing chip to carry out the time difference, the little processing controls chip A/D function in the flowmeter electronics is idle, and the chip utilization factor is lower.
Summary of the invention
For solving above-mentioned middle problem and the defective that exists, the invention provides a kind of high precision time difference formula monopulse ultrasonic flow meter and measuring method of flow thereof.This method adopts sinusoidal wave ultrasonic transducer driving circuit of monocycle; And utilize the inner A/D modular converter development time metering circuit of little process chip; Realize the high-precision timing function; Not only high, simple in structure being easy to of measuring accuracy realized, and during utilization factor high, cost is relatively low to be easy to control.
Said technical scheme is following:
High precision time difference formula monopulse ultrasonic flow meter systems, said flowmeter comprises: MCU control module, single pulse signal emission driver element, transmitting-receiving switch unit, ultrasonic transducer group, ultrasonic signal processing unit and phase demodulation integral unit, said
The MCU control module is used to send control signals to transmitting-receiving switch unit and single pulse signal emission driver element, and
Transmission standard time delayed signal calculates ultrasound wave flyback and suitable journey propagation time difference in the flowmeter pipeline to the ultrasound wave that phase demodulation integral unit and utilization record along journey travel-time and flyback travel-time;
The transmitting-receiving switch unit, selected ultrasonic transducer, promptly selected flyback is measured or is measured along journey;
Single pulse signal emission driver element is used to produce the monocycle sine wave signal, and sends signal to ultrasonic transducer;
Ultrasonic transducer comprises transmitting transducer and receiving transducer, is used for transmitting and receiving of ultrasonic signal, and ultrasonic signal is sent to the ultrasonic signal processing unit;
The ultrasonic signal processing unit is used for that ultrasonic signal is carried out filtering and amplifies, and confirms arriving signal through zero detection and threshold test;
The phase demodulation integral unit is used for arriving signal and said standard time delayed signal are compared, and obtains ultrasound wave along journey travel-time and flyback travel-time.
The measuring method of high precision time difference formula monopulse ultrasonic flow meter systems, said method comprises:
Send control signals to transmitting-receiving switch unit and single pulse signal emission driver element, and
Transmission standard time delayed signal calculates ultrasound wave flyback and suitable journey propagation time difference in the flowmeter pipeline to the ultrasound wave that phase demodulation integral unit and utilization record along journey travel-time and flyback travel-time;
Selected ultrasonic transducer, promptly selected flyback is measured or is measured along journey;
Produce the monocycle sine wave signal, and send signal to ultrasonic transducer;
Ultrasonic signal is sent to the ultrasonic signal processing unit;
Ultrasonic signal is carried out filtering amplify, and confirm arriving signal through zero detection and threshold test;
Arriving signal and said standard time delayed signal are compared; Obtain ultrasound wave along journey travel-time and flyback travel-time, and according to ultrasound wave along journey travel-time and flyback between the travel-time the time difference and with pipe diameter to calculate pipeline fluid unit interval flow big or small.
The beneficial effect of technical scheme provided by the invention is:
Utilize the low pressure source monocycle sine wave drive circuit of digital delay circuit, LC resonant circuit and magnetic ring transformer design, emitted energy is big, and transmission frequency is consistent with the transducer resonance frequency, does not exist high-frequency harmonic residual, and circuit is simple, realization easily.
The present invention utilizes the timing circuit of integrating circuit and little processing controls chip A/D functional development; Temporal resolution has reached 45ps in the small period measurement of 3-100ns; Measure intermediate-resolution in the 100ns-2us period and reached 100ps, timing is accurate, stable performance, and system is simple economy more.If improve the control accuracy of standard time delayed signal in addition or adopt the higher control chip of A/D precision, can reach higher resolution.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is based on ultrasonic flow meter systematic schematic diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is based on ultrasonic flow meter structural representation of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is based on ultrasonic flow meter system measurement method process flow diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is sinusoidal wave emission of a low pressure source monocycle provided by the invention driving circuit;
Fig. 5 is a phase demodulation integrating circuit synoptic diagram provided by the invention.
Embodiment
For making the object of the invention, technical scheme and advantage clearer, will combine accompanying drawing that embodiment of the present invention is done to describe in detail further below:
Referring to Fig. 1; Based on ultrasonic flow meter systematic schematic diagram of the present invention; Said system comprises: MCU control module 1, single pulse signal emission driver element 2, transmitting-receiving switch unit 3, ultrasonic transducer group 4, ultrasonic signal processing unit 5 and phase demodulation integral unit 6, and said
The MCU control module is used to send control signals to transmitting-receiving switch unit and single pulse signal emission driver element, and
Transmission standard time delayed signal calculates ultrasound wave flyback and suitable journey propagation time difference in the flowmeter pipeline to the ultrasound wave that phase demodulation integral unit and utilization record along journey travel-time and flyback travel-time;
The transmitting-receiving switch unit sends to ultrasonic transducer with the control signal that receives, and ultrasonic transducer is selected;
Single pulse signal emission driver element is used to produce the monocycle sine wave signal, and sends signal to ultrasonic transducer;
Ultrasonic transducer comprises transmitting transducer and receiving transducer, is used for transmitting and receiving of ultrasonic signal, and ultrasonic signal is sent to the ultrasonic signal processing unit;
The ultrasonic signal processing unit is used for that ultrasonic signal is carried out filtering and amplifies, and confirms arriving signal through zero detection and threshold test;
The phase demodulation integral unit is used for arriving signal and said standard time delayed signal are compared, and obtains ultrasound wave along journey travel-time and flyback travel-time.
Above-mentioned single pulse signal emission driver element comprises digital delay circuit, LC filtering circuit and magnetic ring transformer, produces the monocycle impulse signal by said digital delay circuit; Is that the monocycle is sinusoidal wave by the LC filtering circuit with the monocycle impulse signal filtering; By magnetic ring transformer the low-voltage sine wave signal is boosted to moderate voltage.
Above-mentioned phase demodulation integral unit comprises phase discriminator and Δ t/ Δ u integrating circuit, obtains the square-wave signal of sound wave along the time difference same widths of journey travel-time or flyback travel-time and standard time delayed signal by said phase discriminator; Convert the square-wave signal of time difference same widths into voltage signal by said Δ t/ Δ u integrating circuit.
Above-mentioned MCU control module comprises time reference signal generation unit 7 and A/D change-over circuit 8; The digital quantity that the magnitude of voltage of Δ t/ Δ u integrating circuit output is transferred to the computing of MCU control module by said A/D change-over circuit; And try to achieve the corresponding time difference size of analog integration voltage by the MCU control module; Calculate the pipeline inner fluid speed according to the time difference, obtain ultrasound wave volume flow through the correction of flow correction system through area of section.
Based on ultrasonic flow meter structural representation of the present invention, MCU control module, single pulse signal are launched driver element, transmitting-receiving switch unit, ultrasonic transducer, filter amplification circuit, amplifying circuit, shaping circuit, phase discriminator, integration control switch, Δ t/ Δ u integrating circuit, A/D change-over circuit and standard time delay module referring to Fig. 2.Above-mentioned transmitting-receiving switch unit comprises the transmission change-over switch and receives change-over switch; Above-mentioned phase discriminator is used for producing the time difference, and ultrasonic transducer receives the time interval of signal and standard time-delay during the time difference, and flyback records the time interval and deducts suitable journey and record the time interval, is the ultrasonic propagation time difference in the flowmeter.
Present embodiment also provides a kind of measuring method of high precision time difference formula monopulse ultrasonic flow meter systems, and this method comprises:
Send control signals to transmitting-receiving switch unit and single pulse signal emission driver element, and
Transmission standard time delayed signal calculates ultrasound wave flyback and suitable journey propagation time difference in the flowmeter pipeline to the ultrasound wave that phase demodulation integral unit and utilization record along journey travel-time and flyback travel-time;
The control signal that receives is sent to ultrasonic transducer, and ultrasonic transducer is selected;
Produce the monocycle sine wave signal, and send signal to ultrasonic transducer;
Ultrasonic signal is sent to the ultrasonic signal processing unit;
Ultrasonic signal is carried out filtering amplify, and confirm arriving signal through zero detection and threshold test;
Arriving signal and said standard time delayed signal are compared; Obtain ultrasound wave along journey travel-time and flyback travel-time, and calculate pipeline inner fluid unit interval flow size along journey travel-time and the time difference and the pipe diameter of flyback between the travel-time according to ultrasound wave.
Referring to Fig. 3,, specifically comprise based on ultrasonic flow meter system measurement method flow process of the present invention:
1) the MCU unit sends a control signal to the transmitting-receiving switch unit, and selected ultrasound transmitting transducer and receiver carry out measuring along the journey travel-time;
2) the MCU unit sends a control signal to single pulse signal emission driver element, drives emission ultrasonic transducer emission ultrasound wave, starts the standard delay procedure simultaneously, picks up counting;
3) convert ultrasonic signal into pulse signal after via amplification filtering circuit, amplifying circuit and shaping circuit, be sent to the phase demodulation integral unit;
4) the standard delay procedure interrupts; The MCU unit produces the standard time delayed signal and delivers to the phase demodulation integral unit, and the pulse signal of exporting with shaping circuit carries out phase demodulation, obtains the relative travel-time of ultrasound wave; Being the mistiming, is voltage through Δ t/ Δ u integrating circuit with the time period conversion of signals;
5) opening M CU unit A/D modular converter, the voltage that integrating circuit is exported converts digital quantity into, and is sent to memory stores.
If the maximal value of A/D modular converter is N, be t corresponding maximum integral time
Max, when Δ t/ Δ u integrating circuit is output as Δ u
dThe time, after the conversion of A/D change-over circuit, obtain numerical value of N
d, then ultrasound wave receives the time interval (along the journey travel-time) of signal pulse and standard time delayed signal:
Adopting 12 A/D, when standard time delayed signal resolution is 250ns, measuring the 100ns time period, precision can reach 43ps.
6) the MCU unit sends a control signal to the transmitting-receiving switch unit, and selected former receiving transducer is a transmitting transducer, prepares flyback and measures.
7) repeat above-mentioned 2), 3), 4) obtain flyback travel-time t
c
8) by suitable journey travel-time t
dWith flyback travel-time t
c, obtain ultrasound wave flyback and suitable journey propagation time difference Δ t in the flowmeter pipeline:
Δt＝|t
d-t
c|
Referring to Fig. 4, be sinusoidal wave emission of low pressure source provided by the invention monocycle driving circuit, this circuit comprises: D-latch 1, D-latch 2, D-latch 3, capacitor C and magnetic ring transformer L-TRANS.Behind MCU clock signal process D-latch 1 frequency division; Insert D-latch 2 and D-latch 3; Q～end output cycle at D-latch 2 and D-latch 3 is the positive half period signal of 4 times of MCU clock signal periods; After LC series resonant circuit filtering high fdrequency component, become the monocycle sinusoidal signal and after magnetic ring transformer L-TRANS boosts, insert ultrasonic transducer as the ultrasonic emitting drive signal.
Referring to Fig. 5, be phase demodulation integrating circuit synoptic diagram provided by the invention, this circuit comprises: by D-latch 4, with the door 1 phase demodulation palace formed and the integrating circuit of forming by resistance R 1, resistance R 2, switch S 1, switch S 2, capacitor C 1 and amplifier 1.The standard time delayed signal that produces by MCU unit standard time delay module, as preset signal be added in D-latch 4 the CLR end and with the input end of door 1, receive signal (pulse) with the ultrasound wave that inserts the CLK end and carry out phase demodulation; And door 1 is output as the standard time delayed signal and ultrasound wave receives the time difference between the signal, and with the control signal of this time difference signal as integral restrictor S1, S2, selects the size and Orientation of integration current.The output of integrator and the linear voltage of time difference size, the A/D module that inserts the MCU unit quantizes.
The above is merely preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is in order to restriction the present invention, not all within spirit of the present invention and principle, any modification of being done, is equal to replacement, improvement etc., all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. high precision time difference formula monopulse ultrasonic flow meter systems; It is characterized in that; Said system comprises: MCU control module, single pulse signal emission driver element, transmitting-receiving switch unit, ultrasonic transducer group, ultrasonic signal processing unit and phase demodulation integral unit, and said
The MCU control module is used to send control signals to transmitting-receiving switch unit and single pulse signal emission driver element, and
Transmission standard time delayed signal calculates ultrasound wave flyback and suitable journey propagation time difference in the flowmeter pipeline to the ultrasound wave that phase demodulation integral unit and utilization record along journey travel-time and flyback travel-time;
The transmitting-receiving switch unit, selected ultrasonic transducer, promptly selected flyback is measured or is measured along journey;
Single pulse signal emission driver element is used to produce the monocycle sine wave signal, and sends signal to ultrasonic transducer;
Ultrasonic transducer comprises transmitting transducer and receiving transducer, is used for transmitting and receiving of ultrasonic signal, and ultrasonic signal is sent to the ultrasonic signal processing unit;
The ultrasonic signal processing unit is used for that ultrasonic signal is carried out filtering and amplifies, and confirms arriving signal through zero detection and threshold test;
The phase demodulation integral unit; Be used for arriving signal and said standard time delayed signal are compared; Obtain ultrasound wave along journey travel-time and flyback travel-time, and calculate pipeline fluid unit interval flow size along journey travel-time and the time difference and the pipe diameter of flyback between the travel-time according to ultrasound wave.
2. high precision time difference formula monopulse ultrasonic flow meter systems according to claim 1 is characterized in that,
Obtain ultrasound wave along the journey travel-time during ultrasonic signal process transmitting transducer;
Obtain the ultrasound wave flyback travel-time during ultrasonic signal process receiving transducer.
3. high precision time difference formula monopulse ultrasonic flow meter systems according to claim 1; It is characterized in that; Said single pulse signal emission driver element comprises digital delay circuit, LC filtering circuit and magnetic ring transformer, produces the monocycle impulse signal by said digital delay circuit; Is that the monocycle is sinusoidal wave by the LC filtering circuit with the monocycle impulse signal filtering; By magnetic ring transformer the low-voltage sine wave signal is boosted to moderate voltage.
4. high precision time difference formula monopulse ultrasonic flow meter systems according to claim 1 is characterized in that said ultrasonic signal processing unit comprises: bandpass filtering amplifying circuit and comparison shaping circuit.
5. high precision time difference formula monopulse ultrasonic flow meter systems according to claim 1; It is characterized in that; Said phase demodulation integral unit comprises phase discriminator and Δ t/ Δ u integrating circuit, obtains the square-wave signal of sound wave along the time difference same widths of journey travel-time or flyback travel-time and standard time delayed signal by said phase discriminator; Convert the square-wave signal of time difference same widths into voltage signal by said Δ t/ Δ u integrating circuit.
6. high precision time difference formula monopulse ultrasonic flow meter systems according to claim 1; It is characterized in that; Said MCU control module comprises time reference signal generation unit and A/D change-over circuit; The digital quantity that the magnitude of voltage of Δ t/ Δ u integrating circuit output is transferred to the computing of MCU control module by said A/D change-over circuit; And try to achieve the corresponding time difference size of analog integration voltage by the MCU control module, and calculate the pipeline inner fluid speed according to the time difference, obtain ultrasound wave volume flow through area of section through the correction of flow correction system.
7. the measuring method of high precision time difference formula monopulse ultrasonic flow meter systems is characterized in that, said method comprises:
Send control signals to transmitting-receiving switch unit and single pulse signal emission driver element, and
Transmission standard time delayed signal calculates ultrasound wave flyback and suitable journey propagation time difference in the flowmeter pipeline to the ultrasound wave that phase demodulation integral unit and utilization record along journey travel-time and flyback travel-time;
Selected ultrasonic transducer, promptly selected flyback is measured or is measured along journey;
Produce the monocycle sine wave signal, and send signal to ultrasonic transducer;
Ultrasonic signal is sent to the ultrasonic signal processing unit;
Ultrasonic signal is carried out filtering amplify, and confirm arriving signal through zero detection and threshold test;
Arriving signal and said standard time delayed signal are compared; Obtain ultrasound wave along journey travel-time and flyback travel-time, and calculate pipeline fluid unit interval flow size along journey travel-time and the time difference and the pipe diameter of flyback between the travel-time according to ultrasound wave.
8. the measuring method of high precision time difference formula monopulse ultrasonic flow meter systems according to claim 7 is characterized in that,
Said ultrasound wave is to be obtained through transmitting transducer by ultrasonic signal along the journey travel-time;
The said ultrasound wave flyback travel-time is to be obtained through receiving transducer by ultrasonic signal.
9. the measuring method of high precision time difference formula monopulse ultrasonic flow meter systems according to claim 1 is characterized in that, produces the monocycle sine wave signal by said digital delay circuit; Is that the monocycle is sinusoidal wave by the LC filtering circuit with the monocycle impulse signal filtering; By magnetic ring transformer the low-voltage sine wave signal is boosted to moderate voltage.
10. the measuring method of high precision time difference formula monopulse ultrasonic flow meter systems according to claim 1; It is characterized in that, obtain the square-wave signal of sound wave along the time difference same widths of journey travel-time or flyback travel-time and standard time delayed signal by phase discriminator; Convert the square-wave signal of time difference same widths into voltage signal by Δ t/ Δ u integrating circuit;
The digital quantity that the magnitude of voltage of Δ t/ Δ u integrating circuit output is transferred to the computing of MCU control module by the A/D change-over circuit; And try to achieve the corresponding time difference size of analog integration voltage by the MCU control module; Calculate the pipeline inner fluid speed according to the time difference, obtain ultrasound wave volume flow through the correction of flow correction system through area of section.
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