CN107573772A - 一种水性抗菌可呼吸建筑防水涂料及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种水性抗菌可呼吸建筑防水涂料及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN107573772A
CN107573772A CN201710864869.4A CN201710864869A CN107573772A CN 107573772 A CN107573772 A CN 107573772A CN 201710864869 A CN201710864869 A CN 201710864869A CN 107573772 A CN107573772 A CN 107573772A
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罗洪梅
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Abstract

本发明公开一种水性抗菌可呼吸建筑防水涂料,该涂料由如下重量份数的组分组成:

Description

一种水性抗菌可呼吸建筑防水涂料及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种建筑防水涂料,尤其涉及一种水性抗菌可呼吸建筑防水涂料及其制备方法。
背景技术
防水工程是建筑工程的重要组成部分,防水工程质量的好坏,直接影响着建筑物和构筑物的使用寿命,影响着人们正常的生活秩序。在安全方面,建筑防水的重要性仅次于结构,从功能上说,房屋漏水影响到生产、生活和工作。从结构上说,建筑结构的主题地位自然是不可撼动的,但是,现在的建筑都是采用钢筋混凝土,渗漏一旦发生,锈蚀了钢筋,那将危机到整个建筑的安全,折损建筑的使用寿命。
目前市场上的传统防水涂料通过形成完整的涂膜阻挡水的透过或水分子的渗透,其具体原理是:涂膜为完整连续涂膜的高分子,分子间间隙约为几纳米,单个水分子直径0.4nm,但自然界的水通常处在缔合状态,几十个水分子之间由于氢键作用形成一个较大的水分子团,这样,水分子团很难通过高分子间隙,从而达到防水的目的。但是,传统防水涂料施工完毕后,涂料成膜干燥后直接导致墙体里面残留的水分挥发不出来,不仅会对墙体造成一定的破坏,侵蚀钢筋混泥土,影响建筑物使用寿命,而且会从内部破坏防水层,时间一久就很容易产生渗漏水问题。鉴于传统建筑防水涂料不能除去建筑物中所挥发的水分将导致建筑物寿命下降和防水实效等问题,开发水滴无法通过但水蒸气分子可以通过的可呼吸聚合物乳液建筑防水涂料是未来建筑防水涂料发展的趋势。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种水性抗菌可呼吸建筑防水涂料及其制备方法,该涂料具有抗菌、透气不透水的性能,以解决涂料成膜干燥后直接导致墙体里面残留的水分挥发不出来,对墙体造成一定的破坏,侵蚀钢筋混泥土,影响建筑物使用寿命,而且会从内部破坏防水层,时间一久就很容易产生渗漏水等问题。
为解决以上技术问题,本发明提供一种水性可呼吸建筑防水涂料,该涂料由如下重量份数的组分组成:
所述纳米聚合物乳液为聚醋酸乙烯酯乳液、纯丙乳液、醋丙乳液、苯丙乳液、丁苯乳液、聚氨酯乳液、硅丙乳液、氟硅乳液、氟碳乳液中的至少一种。所述纳米聚合物乳液的粒径为0.5纳米-500纳米。作为优选,所述纳米聚合物乳液的粒径为5纳米-200纳米。作为更优选,所述纳米聚合物乳液的粒径为10纳米-50纳米。
纳米聚合物乳液粒径偏大,交联后防水层和外部环境形成一个开放的环境,墙体水分无法排出;纳米聚合物乳液粒径偏小,交联后残留水分形成水蒸气无法排出,时间过长破坏防水层。
所述纳米蜡乳液的粒径为0.5纳米-500纳米。作为优选,所述纳米聚合物乳液的粒径为5纳米-200纳米。作为更优选,所述纳米聚合物乳液的粒径为10纳米-50纳米。
纳米蜡乳液在防水涂料中经热处理后会熔融形成孔洞。纳米蜡粒径过大会导致涂层孔洞过大,防水层和外部环境形成一个开放的环境,墙体水分无法排出;纳米蜡粒径过小会导致涂层孔洞过小,残留水分形成水蒸气无法排出,时间过长破坏防水层。
所述纳微米填料为碳酸钙、滑石粉、硅灰石、硫酸钡、高岭土中的至少一种。所述纳微米填料的粒径为30纳米-30微米。作为优选,所述纳微米填料的粒径为100纳米-20微米。作为更优选,所述纳微米填料的粒径为500纳米-10微米。
纳微米填料粒径偏大,防水层和外部环境形成一个开放的环境,墙体水分无法排出,且超细粉体极难分散,需要添加大量的分散润湿剂,影响产品性能;纳微米填料粒径偏小,残留水分形成水蒸气无法排出,时间过长破坏防水层。
所述分散剂为阴离子型、阳离子型、非离子型、两性型、电中性型、高分子型中的至少一种。所述阴离子型分散剂为油酸盐、羧酸盐、硫酸酯盐、磺酸盐中的至少一种。所述阳离子分散剂为十八碳烯胺醋酸盐、季铵盐、氨基丙胺二油酸酯、烷基季铵盐、特殊改性的多氨基酰胺磷酸盐中的至少一种。所述非离子型分散剂为脂肪酸环氧乙烷的加成物、聚乙二醇型多元醇、聚乙烯亚胺衍生物中的至少一种。所述两性型分散剂为磷酸酯盐型的高分子聚合物中的至少一种。所述电中性型分散剂为油氨基酸酯。所述高分子型分散剂为多己内配多元醇-多乙烯亚胺嵌段共聚物、多己内酯与三乙烯四胺的反应物、丙烯酸酯高分子、低分子量聚酯中的至少一种。
分散剂的活性基团一端能吸附在填料和颜料的表面,另一端进入纳米聚合物乳液,使填料和颜料长期分散悬浮在纳米聚合物乳液中,保证涂料的储存稳定。
所述消泡剂为天然油脂、聚醚类、高碳醇、硅类、聚醚改性硅、聚硅氧烷中的至少一种。
消泡剂消除涂料在生产和施工时因搅拌带入空气而产生气泡。
所述抗菌剂为卤素类、金属及金属盐类、氧化剂类、表面活性剂类、杂环类气体、醇类、季铵盐衍生物类、洗必太、灭病威、双效灵、炭疽福美、杀毒矾M8、甲霜铜、DT杀菌剂、甲霜灵·锰锌、拌种灵·锰锌、甲基硫菌灵·锰锌、广灭菌乳粉、甲霜灵—福美双可湿性粉剂、甲霜灵、菌核利、腐霉利、扑海因、灭菌丹、克菌丹、特富灵、敌菌灵、瑞枯霉、福尔马林、高脂膜、菌毒清、霜霉威、喹菌酮、烯酰吗啉·锰锌中的至少一种。
抗菌剂赋予涂料抗菌性能,提高涂料的防霉能力。
所述流平剂为聚丙烯酸酯类、氟碳改性聚丙烯酸酯类、氟素类、聚酯类、聚醚改性聚硅氧烷类、芳烷基改性聚硅氧烷类、聚酯改性聚硅氧烷类、反应型聚硅氧烷类中的至少一种。
涂料施工后,有一个流动及干燥成膜过程,然后逐步形成一个平整、光滑、均匀的涂膜。涂膜能否达到平整光滑的特性,称为流平性。在涂料实际施工过程中,常出现的涂膜缺陷有橘皮、鱼眼、缩孔、针孔、缩边,贝纳得漩涡,气流敏感及由于流平性不好,刷涂时出现刷痕,辊涂时产生辊痕都称之为流平性不良,这些现象的产生降低了涂料的装饰和保护功能。影响涂料流平性的因素很多,溶剂的挥发梯度和溶解性能、涂料的表面张力、湿膜厚度和表面张力梯度、涂料的流变性、施工工艺和环境等,其中最重要的因素是涂料的表面张力、成膜过程中湿膜产生的表面张力梯度和湿膜表层的表面张力均匀化能力。流平剂使涂料具有合适的表面张力和降低表面张力梯度的能力。
所述颜料为无机颜料和有机颜料中的至少一种。
实现上述目的,本发明提供一种水性可呼吸建筑防水涂料的制备方法,包括如下步骤:步骤(1):按水性可呼吸建筑防水涂料的组分配比称取各组分原料;
步骤(2):将称好的各组分原料在真空变频分散研磨机上进行研磨、混合、分散。
本发明的水性可呼吸建筑防水涂料具有以下优点:
1.本发明纳米聚合物乳液和纳微米填料的选择,形成了水蒸气分子可以通过的可呼吸聚合物乳液建筑防水涂料,具有极佳的防水效果;
2.本发明纳米蜡分散在防水涂料中,成膜后经高温处理,纳米蜡熔融除去,得到水蒸气分子可以通过的孔洞,进一步提高可呼吸功能,提高防水效果;
3.本发明具有高延伸性,较高强度,潮湿基层直接施工,耐酸耐碱耐高温、耐冻融、无毒环保、良好的低温弯折性能(-10℃弯折无裂纹)施工简便,不需外加其他材料,且涂膜干燥后墙体里面的水可以挥发到外部,但是外部水分无法进入到涂膜以里;
4.本发明整个工艺简单,容易工业化生产,且成本低廉。
具体实施方式
本发明公开一种水性抗菌可呼吸建筑防水涂料及其制备方法,该涂料由如下重量份数的组分组成:
所述纳米聚合物乳液为聚醋酸乙烯酯乳液、纯丙乳液、醋丙乳液、苯丙乳液、丁苯乳液、聚氨酯乳液、硅丙乳液、氟硅乳液、氟碳乳液中的至少一种。所述纳米聚合物乳液的粒径为0.5纳米-500纳米。作为优选,所述纳米聚合物乳液的粒径为5纳米-200纳米。作为更优选,所述纳米聚合物乳液的粒径为10纳米-50纳米。
所述纳米蜡乳液的粒径为0.5纳米-500纳米。作为优选,所述纳米聚合物乳液的粒径为5纳米-200纳米。作为更优选,所述纳米聚合物乳液的粒径为10纳米-50纳米。
所述纳微米填料为碳酸钙、滑石粉、硅灰石、硫酸钡、高岭土中的至少一种。所述纳微米填料的粒径为30纳米-30微米。作为优选,所述纳微米填料的粒径为100纳米-20微米。作为更优选,所述纳微米填料的粒径为500纳米-10微米。
所述分散剂为阴离子型、阳离子型、非离子型、两性型、电中性型、高分子型中的至少一种。所述阴离子型分散剂为油酸盐、羧酸盐、硫酸酯盐、磺酸盐中的至少一种。所述阳离子分散剂为十八碳烯胺醋酸盐、季铵盐、氨基丙胺二油酸酯、烷基季铵盐、特殊改性的多氨基酰胺磷酸盐中的至少一种。所述非离子型分散剂为脂肪酸环氧乙烷的加成物、聚乙二醇型多元醇、聚乙烯亚胺衍生物中的至少一种。所述两性型分散剂为磷酸酯盐型的高分子聚合物中的至少一种。所述电中性型分散剂为油氨基酸酯。所述高分子型分散剂为多己内配多元醇-多乙烯亚胺嵌段共聚物、多己内酯与三乙烯四胺的反应物、丙烯酸酯高分子、低分子量聚酯中的至少一种。
所述消泡剂为天然油脂、聚醚类、高碳醇、硅类、聚醚改性硅、聚硅氧烷中的至少一种。
所述抗菌剂为卤素类、金属及金属盐类、氧化剂类、表面活性剂类、杂环类气体、醇类、季铵盐衍生物类、洗必太、灭病威、双效灵、炭疽福美、杀毒矾M8、甲霜铜、DT杀菌剂、甲霜灵·锰锌、拌种灵·锰锌、甲基硫菌灵·锰锌、广灭菌乳粉、甲霜灵—福美双可湿性粉剂、甲霜灵、菌核利、腐霉利、扑海因、灭菌丹、克菌丹、特富灵、敌菌灵、瑞枯霉、福尔马林、高脂膜、菌毒清、霜霉威、喹菌酮、烯酰吗啉·锰锌中的至少一种。
所述流平剂为聚丙烯酸酯类、氟碳改性聚丙烯酸酯类、氟素类、聚酯类、聚醚改性聚硅氧烷类、芳烷基改性聚硅氧烷类、聚酯改性聚硅氧烷类、反应型聚硅氧烷类中的至少一种。
所述颜料为无机颜料和有机颜料中的至少一种。
本发明还公开一种制造水性可呼吸建筑防水涂料的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
步骤(1):按水性可呼吸建筑防水涂料的组分配比称取各组分原料;
步骤(2):将称好的各组分原料在真空变频分散研磨机上进行研磨、混合、分散。
水性可呼吸建筑防水涂料的不透水性测试方法如下:
在实验室用专用仪器检测,其方法是将涂料按比例配好,分多次涂刷在已打蜡玻璃板上,涂刷厚度为1.5毫米,静放7天,然后放人烘箱内50℃±2℃烘24小时,取出后放置3小时,做不透水实验,不透水性为0.3MPa。保持30分钟无渗漏及湿印为合格,也可用目测法检验防水效果,方法是将涂料分4—6次涂刷到无纺布上,干透后(约24h)成膜厚度为1.0-1.5毫米,做成鞋盒子形状,再将1%碱水加人盒内,三天后无渗漏为合格。
水性可呼吸建筑防水涂料的耐水性测试方法如下:
将涂料分多次涂刷在水泥块上,成膜厚度1.0-1.5毫米,放置7天,放入1%碱水中浸泡7天,不分层脱皮,不空鼓为合格。
实施例1:
步骤(1):按水性可呼吸建筑防水涂料的组分配比称取各组分原料:
步骤(2):将称好的各组分原料在真空变频分散研磨机上进行研磨、混合、分散。
实施例2:
步骤(1):按水性可呼吸建筑防水涂料的组分配比称取各组分原料:
步骤(2):将称好的各组分原料在真空变频分散研磨机上进行研磨、混合、分散。
实施例3:
步骤(1):按水性可呼吸建筑防水涂料的组分配比称取各组分原料:
步骤(2):将称好的各组分原料在真空变频分散研磨机上进行研磨、混合、分散。
实施例4:
步骤(1):按水性可呼吸建筑防水涂料的组分配比称取各组分原料:
步骤(2):将称好的各组分原料在真空变频分散研磨机上进行研磨、混合、分散。
实施例5:
步骤(1):按水性可呼吸建筑防水涂料的组分配比称取各组分原料:
步骤(2):将称好的各组分原料在真空变频分散研磨机上进行研磨、混合、分散。
实施例6:
步骤(1):按水性可呼吸建筑防水涂料的组分配比称取各组分原料:
步骤(2):将称好的各组分原料在真空变频分散研磨机上进行研磨、混合、分散。
实施例7:
步骤(1):按水性可呼吸建筑防水涂料的组分配比称取各组分原料:
步骤(2):将称好的各组分原料在真空变频分散研磨机上进行研磨、混合、分散。
实施例8:
步骤(1):按水性可呼吸建筑防水涂料的组分配比称取各组分原料:
步骤(2):将称好的各组分原料在真空变频分散研磨机上进行研磨、混合、分散。
对比例1:
参照实施例3,去除纳米蜡乳液。
对比例2:
参照实施例3,去除纳微米填料。
对比例3:
参照实施例3,选用微米聚合物乳液。
以上是对本发明实施例所提供的水性可呼吸建筑防水涂料及其制备方法详细介绍。本文中应用了具体实施例对本发明的原理及实施方式进行了阐述,实施例的说明只是用于帮助理解本发明的方法及其核心思想,以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已,并不用以限制本发明,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换和改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
表1实施例和对比例防水性能对比
编号 不透水性测试 耐水性测试
实施例1 合格 合格
实施例2 合格 合格
实施例3 合格 合格
实施例4 合格 合格
实施例5 合格 合格
实施例6 合格 合格
实施例7 合格 合格
实施例8 合格 合格
对比例1 不合格 不合格
对比例2 不合格 不合格
对比例3 不合格 不合格

Claims (6)

1.一种水性抗菌可呼吸建筑防水涂料,该涂料由如下重量份数的组分组成:
2.根据权利要求1所述一种水性抗菌可呼吸建筑防水涂料,其特征在于:所述纳米蜡乳液的粒径为0.5纳米-500纳米。
3.根据权利要求1所述一种水性抗菌可呼吸建筑防水涂料,其特征在于:所述消泡剂为天然油脂、聚醚类、高碳醇、硅类、聚醚改性硅、聚硅氧烷中的至少一种。
4.根据权利要求1所述一种水性抗菌可呼吸建筑防水涂料,其特征在于:所述抗菌剂为卤素类、金属及金属盐类、氧化剂类、表面活性剂类、杂环类气体、醇类、季铵盐衍生物类、洗必太、灭病威、双效灵、炭疽福美、杀毒矾M8、甲霜铜、DT杀菌剂、甲霜灵·锰锌、拌种灵·锰锌、甲基硫菌灵·锰锌、广灭菌乳粉、甲霜灵—福美双可湿性粉剂、甲霜灵、菌核利、腐霉利、扑海因、灭菌丹、克菌丹、特富灵、敌菌灵、瑞枯霉、福尔马林、高脂膜、菌毒清、霜霉威、喹菌酮、烯酰吗啉·锰锌中的至少一种。
5.根据权利要求1所述一种水性抗菌可呼吸建筑防水涂料,其特征在于:所述流平剂为聚丙烯酸酯类、氟碳改性聚丙烯酸酯类、氟素类、聚酯类、聚醚改性聚硅氧烷类、芳烷基改性聚硅氧烷类、聚酯改性聚硅氧烷类、反应型聚硅氧烷类中的至少一种。
6.一种制造权利要求1所述水性抗菌可呼吸建筑防水涂料的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
步骤(1):按水性抗菌可呼吸建筑防水涂料的组分配比称取各组分原料;
步骤(2):将称好的各组分原料在真空变频分散研磨机上进行研磨、混合、分散。
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