CN107538273A - Large-scale cylindrical member deviation from circular from and center of circle bounce, linearity online test method and its detection means - Google Patents
Large-scale cylindrical member deviation from circular from and center of circle bounce, linearity online test method and its detection means Download PDFInfo
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- CN107538273A CN107538273A CN201610488027.9A CN201610488027A CN107538273A CN 107538273 A CN107538273 A CN 107538273A CN 201610488027 A CN201610488027 A CN 201610488027A CN 107538273 A CN107538273 A CN 107538273A
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Abstract
The present invention relates to designing and developing for a kind of large-scale cylindrical member circularity, linearity online test method, and measurement apparatus, the accurate measurement of circularity and linearity suitable for large-scale cylindrical member.The apparatus structure is simple and reliable, and it is convenient to realize, the linearity and circularity information of measured workpiece can be directly gathered after the completion of work pieces process, obtains linearity and circularity index that workpiece had both pinpointed simultaneously by computer processing data information；So that processing combines together with detection means, the measurement accuracy of workpiece is greatly improved, improves the automaticity and operating efficiency of lathe to greatest extent.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of large-scale cylindrical member deviation from circular from and center of circle bounce, linearity online test method, and survey
Amount device is designed and developed, deviation from circular from and center of circle bounce and the accurate measurement of linearity suitable for large-scale cylindrical member.The dress
Simple and reliable for structure, realization convenience is put, the linearity of measured workpiece can be directly gathered after the completion of work pieces process and circularity is missed
Difference, center of circle beating information, obtain linearity and deviation from circular from, circle that workpiece had both pinpointed simultaneously by computer processing data information
Index is moved in heartbeat；So that processing combines together with detection means, the measurement accuracy of workpiece is greatly improved, is improved to greatest extent
The automaticity and operating efficiency of lathe.
Background technology
World's every country is paid much attention to always to linearity and deviation from circular from and center of circle pulsation measurement field, not
It is disconnected to release novel high-precision linearity, deviation from circular from and center of circle axis misalignment measuring method and device, it is growing to production to meet
The requirement of quality.
In modern mechanical manufacturing and processing, when manufacturing and processing large-scale cylindrical member, being frequently encountered needs to measure workpiece
Linearity and deviation from circular from and center of circle the problem of beating, due to large-scale cylindrical member physics particularity so that measure its linearity,
There is certain difficulty in deviation from circular from and center of circle bounce, the detection method of lot of domestic and international can not all take into account accuracy and economy,
Before this, more commonly used mode be by measured piece be placed on two V sections with several amesdials come measure linearity and
Deviation from circular from and center of circle bounce, and measurement axis verticality is measured based on optical alignment telescopic system, using deviation from circular from and
Center of circle run-out instrument measurement roundness error of workpiece and the method for center of circle bounce etc., these methods are required for setting workpiece removal processing
It is standby, the bounce of workpiece linearity, deviation from circular from and the center of circle is individually measured using extra measurement apparatus.Detection method precision
Low, efficiency is low, and performance can not be protected.
The content of the invention
1. title：Large-scale cylindrical member deviation from circular from and center of circle bounce, linearity online test method and its detection means.
2. purposes：A kind of method and measurement apparatus for measuring large-scale cylindrical member linearity, deviation from circular from and center of circle bounce,
In the case of not removing workpiece after machining, linearity and deviation from circular from and center of circle bounce to large-scale cylindrical member carry out accurate
Measurement.
3. technical scheme：
1) program carries out on-line checking for large-scale cylindrical member, can be without removing workpiece after the completion of work pieces process simultaneously
Its linearity is detected to beat with deviation from circular from and the center of circle；
2) because workpiece volume is larger, length is longer, and workpiece is loaded in two concentric and relative position revolution masters with fixture
The synchronous rotary clamping body of axle composition；
3) synchronous rotary clamping body meets to bear from high pulling torque 10000/Nm while by axial spinning force about 700KN
Rotation；
4) measuring mechanism is installed in the vertical plane of spindle centerline, and the mechanical part of measuring mechanism is to position measurement sensor
It is fixed；
5) the standard subject matter similar to measured workpiece geometry is prepared（Check bar）, for demarcating measuring mechanism；
6) when measuring mechanism debugging is initial, first demarcation thing is installed on rotary main shaft, adjusts measuring mechanism and fixation manually
In appropriate location, measurement contact is stretched out, first demarcation thing is measured（Check bar）, measuring mechanism is demarcated with this, reaching to measure
Mechanism origin is overlapped with Workpiece zero point and the purpose of fitting calibrating thing geometry state and extraction data as measuring basis；
7) when carrying out work pieces process, measuring mechanism is closed and lifts measurement contact, to ensure the normal process of workpiece；
8) when work pieces process finishes, it is necessary to when measuring, stretch out measurement contact, open measuring mechanism data acquisition and analysis,
Writing function；
9) after the completion of work pieces process, when linearity and deviation from circular from and center of circle pulsation measurement are carried out to it, first by tested work
Part divides some equal portions by certain length, successively to a little carrying out the measurement work of linearity in wherein some equal segments and reading
Take record measurement data, while the sampled point starting point this point being arranged on the circumference where it carries out deviation from circular from and the center of circle is jumped
Dynamic measurement；
10) measurement N is set to workpiece circumference, and to measurement point, workpiece needs the angle rotated when calculating collection measurement point；
11) measurement contact is lifted, using the sampled point of length equal segments cathetus degree in the 6th step as starting point, makes workpiece rotate 180 °,
Measurement contact is stretched out again and reads record measurement data；
12) measurement contact is lifted, makes workpiece rotate to specified measurement point according to first retainer, stretches out measurement contact workpiece simultaneously
Record measurement contact position data are read, lift measurement contact again, make workpiece stretch out measurement contact after rotating 180 °, to work
Part carries out measurement and data collection task again, and first pair of measurement point data acquisition is completed；
13) after last set point is collected, backward measurement is carried out to identical measurement point, backward performs step 10,11 simultaneously
Gathered data, complete the backward secondary data collection of first pair of measurement point；
14) for the calculating of linearity：Assuming that two collected in 8 to 12 steps are parallel and differ straight in 180 ° of plane
The one direction measurement data of line is respectively L1(X)、L2(X), the measurement data of opposite direction is respectively L3(X)、L4(X) have：
L (X)=ΔS (X)+δ (X)
ΔS (X)= S (X)-K
Wherein Δ S (X) is deviation of the examined workpiece in each measurement direction on each sampled point relative to subject matter
S (X) is linearity deviation of the measured workpiece in each measurement direction on each sampled point
K is linearity of the subject matter in each measurement point
δ (X) is the deviation of guide rail kinematic pair corresponding sampled point in each measurement direction when planker moves
Assuming that the repetitive positioning accuracy of planker motion is good enough, then there is δ1 (X)= δ2 (X)= ┈┈=δn (X)、
S1(X)= S3(X)= ┈┈= Sn+1/2(X)
S2(X)= S4(X)= ┈┈= Sn/2(X)
Then the linearity deviation of workpiece and the position error of planker are respectively：
δ(X)=1/2[L1(X)+ L3(X)]
S1 (X) =1/2[L1(X)- L3(X)]
Then have
δ1(X)= δ2(X)= δ3(X)= ┈┈δn(X)=1/2[L1(X)+ L3(X)]
S1 (X) =S3 (X) =1/2[L1(X)- L3(X)]
S2(X)= S4(X)= 1/2[L2(X)- L4(X)]
┊
S4n-3 (X) =1/2[L4n-3(X)- L4n-1(X)]
S4n-2 (X) =1/2[L4n-2 (X)- L4n-1(X)]
Wherein n=1,2,3,4 ┈ ┈
15) calculating beated for deviation from circular from and the center of circle is to be justified using being tested the Least Square Circle of TP as ideal, its
The Least Square Circle center of circle and distance of center circle deviation of the subject matter in this measurement plane are circle of the measured workpiece in this measurement plane
Heart jitter values, corresponding its Least Square Circle center of circle to the ultimate range of profile and the difference of minimum range is deviation from circular from and the center of circle
Runout error；
If it is P to be collected in step 8 to 12 and measure point data in same plane on workpiece circumference1（x1, y1）, P2（x2, y2）, P3
（x3, y3）, P4（x4, y4）, ┈ ┈ Pn（xn, yn）
Then Least Square Circle center of circle G（A, b）Calculation formula is：
A is the Least Square Circle center of circle to subject matter circle center distance
B is the Least Square Circle center of circle to subject matter circle center distance
There are Least Square Circle radius calculation and each measurement point to be calculated to the distance in the Least Square Circle center of circle：
R=
R is least square radius of circle
RmDistance of each point to the Least Square Circle center of circle on actual outline to be measured
16) repeat step 10,11,12 and step 8 be to step 12 until collection completely sets measurement point quantity, and system is by storage
Sampling point position data are fitted, and draw measurement point locus and compared with demarcating thing locus, so as to simultaneously
Draw the measurement results such as linearity, deviation from circular from and the center of circle bounce of measured workpiece；
17) it is an advantage of the invention that：The linearity and deviation from circular from of large-scale cylindrical member and the center of circle are jumped using on-line detecting system
It is dynamic to be detected, it is simple and reliable for structure, realize it is convenient and can after the completion of work pieces process the linearity of direct measurement workpiece and
Deviation from circular from and center of circle bounce, that is, the difficulty that enormously simplify measurement improve measurement accuracy again so that processing and detection means
Combine together, it is thus also avoided that workpiece in the handling process or other extraneous factor measurement results influence, greatly improve
The automaticity and operating efficiency of lathe.
Brief description of the drawings
The present invention is further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 linearitys, deviation from circular from and center of circle pulsation measurement flow chart
Fig. 2 measuring mechanism schematic devices
Fig. 3 measuring mechanism scheme of installations
Fig. 4 deviation from circular froms and center of circle runout error, circle bounce evaluation mathematical modeling
Fig. 1 is measurement Roundness of Workpiece linearity program flow diagram
1. base in Fig. 2,2 guide rails, 3 drive cylinders, 4 displacement transducer scales, 5 protection springs, 6 reading heads, 7 measurement contacts
In figure, 4 displacement transducer scale parts are fixed on 1 base, 2 guide rails, which are used to be oriented to above and below reading head, to be run and play
Certain auxiliary fixation, when needing to measure contact stretching, control signal controls 3 drive cylinders to stretch out and promote 6 readings
Several and 7 measurement contacts to close to testee direction run, when 7 measurement contacts contacted with testee after, if oil cylinder after
Continuous to promote contact to stretch out, in order to avoid damaging measured workpiece, 5 protection spring passive compressions are with to reduce the work of contact and workpiece
Firmly.
1 measurement apparatus in Fig. 3,2 perpendicular to main lathe bed tripod, 3 subject matters（Check bar）, 4 main shafts, 5 main lathe beds
In figure, 1 measurement apparatus is fixed on 2 tripods and adjusts its installation fixing position manually and is put so that equipment workpieces processing
When, 1 measurement apparatus is recovered to the normal process that extreme position avoids disturbing workpiece；Plane where ensuring 5 main lathe beds and 2 tripods
Keep vertical；When equipment installation is initial, 3 subject matters are loaded on 4 main shafts, and ensure 3 subject matter center lines and 4 alignments of shafts
Line overlaps the origin position for being easy to determine 1 measurement apparatus.
The 1 maximum circle contour of measurement in Fig. 4, the Least Square Circle of 2 fittings, 3 subject matter circle contours, 4 measurement data tracks, 5
The subject matter center of circle, the Least Square Circle center of circle of 6 fittings, 7 be the Least Square Circle center of circle to subject matter center of circle lateral separation a, and 8 is most
A young waiter in a wineshop or an inn multiplies the round heart to subject matter center of circle lateral separation b, and 9 be least square radius of circle R, and each point is to most on 10 actual outline to be measured
A young waiter in a wineshop or an inn multiplies the distance Rm of the round heart；
In figure when the 5 subject matter centers of circle overlap with the Least Square Circle center of circle of 6 fittings, represent that workpiece is beated in the absence of the center of circle；Instead
Two centers of circle it is misaligned, then can calculate the center of circle beat size of workpiece.
Embodiment
1) measuring mechanism is installed in the vertical plane of spindle centerline, and the mechanical part contraposition seated position of measuring mechanism passes
Sensor is fixed；
2) in measurement contactor end configuration hydraulic jack, when measuring work, control cylinder piston stretches out and drives measurement
Contact, which stretches out, ensures that it with testee a little contact；
3) because workpiece volume is larger, length is longer, and workpiece is loaded in two concentric and relative position revolution masters with fixture
The synchronous rotary clamping body of axle composition；
4) when carrying out work pieces process, measuring mechanism is closed and packed up, to ensure the normal process of workpiece, when work pieces process is complete
Finish, it is necessary to when measuring, manually adjust measuring mechanism mechanical location and control the hydraulic jack after measurement contact to stretch out, ensure
Contact measured workpiece is measured, opens measuring mechanism data acquisition and analysis, writing function；
5) position sensor uses absolute value formula measuring principle；
6) treat that rigging up and debugging is completed, at the beginning of measuring mechanism is installed, measuring mechanism is first adjusted and enable, to being installed in advance
Cylinder demarcation thing on main shaft measures（Check bar）, reach the purpose demarcated to measuring mechanism, measuring mechanism is former
Point overlaps with Workpiece zero point and fitting calibrating thing geometry state and extraction data are as measuring basis value；
7) when to workpiece calibration linearity to be measured and deviation from circular from and center of circle bounce, first by measured workpiece radially by both fixed length
Degree divides some equal portions, the data collection task to a little carrying out linearity in wherein some equal segments；
8) while set axial circumference sampling number amount where this point（Two points for being mutually 180 ° are a pair of sampled points）Carry out
Deviation from circular from and the measurement of center of circle bounce；
9) when measuring linearity, first measuring mechanism is run to set point with constant speed, 3 oil cylinder is lived in System Control Figure 2
Plug is stretched out, and the reading head of 6 displacement transducers is released into measurement apparatus, measurement contact is adequately exposed to measured workpiece sampled point,
Gather measurement head positional information simultaneously；
10) system control hydraulic jack packs up measurement head, and using current point as starting point, makes workpiece rotate 180 °, stretch out again
Contact is completely attached to measured workpiece, and data acquisition is carried out to sampled point, and first pair of measurement point data acquisition is completed；
11) by first pair of measurement data compared with the data of the subject matter obtained before, show that this 2 points linearity is inclined
The diameter data of axial circumference where difference, and this 2 points is poor to calculate the deviation from circular from of measurement circumference and center of circle bounce；
12) gauge head is lifted again, controls main shaft any rotation manually, repeats 10,11 steps, until collection is full axially arranged
Measurement point quantity；
13) gauge head is lifted, manually by longitudinally running to the next measurement point of axle where measuring mechanism, successively according to 9,10,11 steps
Suddenly gather and calculate the surface data of measured workpiece, until measuring mechanism, which is run to radial direction, samples end point；
14) if measurement contact has completely attached to measured workpiece, but drive cylinder is due to when inertia continues to move along, to keep away
Exempt to measure contact disfiguring workpiece surface, 5 protection springs are set between reading head and driving piston, to reduce measurement contact and quilt
The active force surveyed between workpiece.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of measure large-scale cylindrical member linearity, the method and measurement apparatus of circularity, workpiece is not removed after machining
In the case of, linearity and circularity to large-scale cylindrical member are accurately measured.
2. according to claim 1 measure large-scale cylindrical member linearity, the method and measurement apparatus of circularity, it is characterized in that：
Measuring mechanism is installed in the vertical plane of spindle centerline, and the mechanical part of measuring mechanism is consolidated to position measurement sensor
It is fixed.
3. according to the large-scale cylindrical member linearity of measurement described in claim 1, the method and measurement apparatus of circularity, it is characterized in that：Pin
To large-scale cylindrical member carry out on-line checking, after the completion of work pieces process, without remove workpiece can detect simultaneously its linearity with
Circularity.
4. according to claim 1 measure large-scale cylindrical member linearity, the method and measurement apparatus of circularity, it is characterized in that：
Because workpiece volume is larger, length is longer, and workpiece is loaded with fixture and formed in two concentric and relative position rotary main shafts
Synchronous rotary clamping body.
5. according to claim 1 measure large-scale cylindrical member linearity, the method and measurement apparatus of circularity, it is characterized in that：
Synchronous rotary clamping body meets to bear to rotate from high pulling torque 10000/Nm while by axial spinning force about 700KN.
6. according to claim 1 measure large-scale cylindrical member linearity, the method and measurement apparatus of circularity, it is characterized in that：
Prepare the standard subject matter similar to measured workpiece geometry（Check bar）, for demarcating measuring mechanism, when measuring mechanism is debugged
When initial, first demarcation thing is installed on rotary main shaft, measuring mechanism is adjusted manually and is fixed on appropriate location, stretch out measurement and touch
Head, first demarcation thing is measured（Check bar）, measuring mechanism is demarcated with this, reached measuring mechanism origin and workpiece centre point weight
Merge fitting calibrating thing geometry state and extract purpose of the data as measuring basis.
7. according to claim 1 measure large-scale cylindrical member linearity, the method and measurement apparatus of circularity, it is characterized in that：
When carrying out work pieces process, measuring mechanism is closed and lifts measurement contact, to ensure the normal process of workpiece.
8. according to claim 1 measure large-scale cylindrical member linearity, the method and measurement apparatus of circularity, it is characterized in that：
It is simple and reliable for structure, realize it is convenient and can after the completion of work pieces process direct measurement workpiece linearity and circularity, i.e., significantly
The difficulty for simplifying measurement improves measurement accuracy again so that processing is combined together with detection means, it is thus also avoided that workpiece is being removed
During fortune or other extraneous factor measurement results influence, greatly improve the automaticity of lathe and imitated with work
Rate.
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Cited By (4)
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| CN108098456A (en) * | 2018-02-05 | 2018-06-01 | 重庆机床(集团)有限责任公司 | The small stroke driving device of on-line checking |
| CN109373866A (en) * | 2018-09-11 | 2019-02-22 | 航天特种材料及工艺技术研究所 | A kind of cylinder spinning with tension circularity and straightness on-line measurement mechanism and method |
| WO2019144255A1 (en) * | 2018-01-23 | 2019-08-01 | 大连理工大学 | Method for quickly detecting geometric accuracy of linear moving shaft of numerical control machine tool |
| CN111854671A (en) * | 2019-04-29 | 2020-10-30 | 核工业理化工程研究院 | Device and method for measuring straightness of axis inside thin-wall long cylinder |
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| JP2003322501A (en) * | 2002-04-30 | 2003-11-14 | Japan Atom Energy Res Inst | Roundness/straightness measuring system for duct |
| JP2011123002A (en) * | 2009-12-14 | 2011-06-23 | Mitsutoyo Corp | Gauge head and roundness measuring machine |
| CN102198634A (en) * | 2011-03-09 | 2011-09-28 | 上海大学 | Measuring method and device for in process measurement on crank shaft contour |
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2019144255A1 (en) * | 2018-01-23 | 2019-08-01 | 大连理工大学 | Method for quickly detecting geometric accuracy of linear moving shaft of numerical control machine tool |
| US11125552B2 (en) | 2018-01-23 | 2021-09-21 | Dalian University Of Technology | Method for the rapid detection of the geometric accuracy of the linear motion axis of an NC machine tool |
| CN108098456A (en) * | 2018-02-05 | 2018-06-01 | 重庆机床(集团)有限责任公司 | The small stroke driving device of on-line checking |
| CN109373866A (en) * | 2018-09-11 | 2019-02-22 | 航天特种材料及工艺技术研究所 | A kind of cylinder spinning with tension circularity and straightness on-line measurement mechanism and method |
| CN111854671A (en) * | 2019-04-29 | 2020-10-30 | 核工业理化工程研究院 | Device and method for measuring straightness of axis inside thin-wall long cylinder |
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Application publication date: 20180105 |