CN106826394B - Lathe main shaft diameter is to glitch detection method and device under machining state - Google Patents
Lathe main shaft diameter is to glitch detection method and device under machining state Download PDFInfo
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- CN106826394B CN106826394B CN201710105275.5A CN201710105275A CN106826394B CN 106826394 B CN106826394 B CN 106826394B CN 201710105275 A CN201710105275 A CN 201710105275A CN 106826394 B CN106826394 B CN 106826394B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q17/00—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools
- B23Q17/24—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools using optics or electromagnetic waves
- B23Q17/2452—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools using optics or electromagnetic waves for measuring features or for detecting a condition of machine parts, tools or workpieces
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q17/00—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools
- B23Q17/24—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools using optics or electromagnetic waves
- B23Q17/248—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools using optics or electromagnetic waves using special electromagnetic means or methods
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q17/00—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools
- B23Q2017/001—Measurement or correction of run-out or eccentricity
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- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Machine Tool Sensing Apparatuses (AREA)
- Length Measuring Devices By Optical Means (AREA)
- Turning (AREA)
Abstract
Lathe main shaft diameter is fixed on processed pole to glitch detection method and device, including host computer, plug holding part and dynamic commissioning component, plug holding part under machining state, and plug is pull-in on smooth tempered glass using strong magnet.Dynamic commissioning component is rack-mount using laser displacement sensor and nylon pushing block as core.When carrying out lathe radial pulsation measurement under machining state, nylon pushing block is driven using differential screw mechanism, to push the plug on tempered glass, simultaneously, displacement signal when Mandrel Rotating is picked up using high precision laser displacement sensor, and be transferred to computer and be processed and displayed, micro-positioning regulators are until the peak-to-peak value of measured value is minimum, to realize primary depolarized；Measured value is filtered on host computer, eliminates and revolving speed is with the measuring signal of frequency, the mobility scale of final gained measured value is radial beat eccentricity influential on processing quality.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to machine tool chief axis circular runout detection field, the lathe spindle under especially a kind of machining state is radial
Glitch detection method further relates to the device of the detection method.
Background technique
Currently, the circular runout of machine tool chief axis is an important indicator when evaluating the processing quality of lathe.Machining state
Lower main shaft circular runout can directly react the geometric errors such as roughness, the circularity of piece surface profile.
Existing detection method has two classes, general using amesdial or inductance micrometering head first is that contact measurement method
The standard core rods or steel ball installed on stylus and main shaft contact, and main shaft can be obtained in low speed rotation main shaft, the jerk value for reading stylus
Turn error.Chinese invention patent CN201410156897.7 discloses a kind of tail stock spindle top circular runout and master
Axially transmission detection device, the device one end are provided with axle sleeve, ball bearing and thrust bearing are provided in axle sleeve axis, and the other end is set
It is equipped with dynamometer and amesdial, to measure the main shaft run-out of tailstock and axially loaded situation.Contact measurement method
Advantage is easy to operate, and stylus can be made into minimum, can reflect the details profile of standard component in detail.But the disadvantage is that surveyed main shaft
Rotation speed is lower, and often revolving speed is higher when actual processing, and there are radial cutting forces and chip to interfere, thus, it is surveyed
Circular runout is difficult to embody actual condition.
Second is that contactless measurement, mainly uses current vortex sensor or photoelectric sensor.Chinese invention patent
CN201310585077.5 discloses a kind of dynamic spindle rotation precision detection device, and the orthogonal cloth of several current vortex sensors is arranged
It is placed in main shaft and examines diameter of mandrel direction, obtain plug circular runout signal.In addition, the device is also in spindle jacket axial direction
Fixed current vortex sensor and laser displacement sensor, to detect main shaft axial runout.CN201610403133.2 discloses one
The non-contact detection device of kind of rotary axis circular runout, is coaxially connected firmly using grating disc with main shaft, the grating on grating disc and
Luminous tube, receiver, indication grating alignment on component frame, main shaft rotation drives grating disc spins, in reception pipe
Photosignal is received, to measure shafting circular runout.Contactless measurement will not scratch measurand surface, bounce
Value can all measure under any revolving speed, but still remain shaft with the eccentric error of standard component axis or the centre of sphere, still
Diameter cannot be carried out under cutting state jumps measurement.
Summary of the invention
Present invention seek to address that the technical problems existing in the prior art, propose a kind of lathe suitable under machining state
Circular runout detection method, while the device of the detection method being provided.
It include a set of plug holding part being mounted on processed pole and a set of dynamic commissioning component in the present apparatus.
Plug holding part by strong magnet by plug sticking on the higher tempered glass of surface roughness, utilize dynamic commissioning component
Primary dynamically depolarized and measurement is carried out to plug, is turned on this basis on processing quality without influence using data filtering techniques
Fast homogenous frequency signal is filtered, to realize real-time measurement of the small circular runout under machining state.Operation of the present invention is simple,
Error source is few, and measurement efficiency is high, dynamically measures with the obvious advantage, and the structure of implementing device is relatively easy, may extend to any revolution
The circular runout on-line measurement of type lathe.
To achieve the above object, technical scheme is as follows: lathe main shaft diameter is filled to glitch detection under machining state
It sets, including host computer, plug holding part and dynamic commissioning component, plug holding part are mounted on processed pole, installs
Set is connected by holding screw and processed pole, and strong magnet is placed in the inner hole of connector sleeve, lock ring lid press strong magnet and
It is connected after tempered glass with screw and installation set, plug is pull-in on the smooth surface of tempered glass；
Dynamic commissioning component includes magnet base, vertically move plate and be transversely mounted board group at cross bracket, laterally pacify
Loading board one end installs differential screw mechanism by bracket, and tail portion covers a nylon pushing block；The plate other end is transversely mounted to be fixed with
Laser displacement sensor, data line are connected with host computer.
Further, it is transversely mounted the dovetail in the middle part of plate and is flexibly connected with the dovetail groove vertically moved in the middle part of plate, it is adjustable
Section height, is locked by holding screw.
Lathe main shaft diameter is to pulsation measurement and processing method under machining state,
The first step in advance processes the tail portion of processed pole, and the inner hole of diameter and installation set coincide, and answers
The processing dimension final greater than tail portion；
The plug holding part and processed pole are connected by second step, and the dynamic commissioning component is placed in lathe
Any static position of ontology, is attracted using magnet base；
Third step, starter motor tool machining program and laser displacement sensor process of measurement, when machine slide band cutter pair
When being processed pole progress machining, differential screw mechanism is quickly adjusted, up to the peak peak of measured value on host computer process of measurement
Value is minimum.
4th step, measured value processing: first determining the speed of mainshaft, and when plug exists compared with large eccentricity, measured waveform has week
Phase property, wave recording periodicity and corresponding time, obtain rotation frequency of spindle；The residual error of measurement data is calculated, that is, utilizes biography
Each sample readings of sensor subtract the average value of sample range；
Bandstop filter is arranged in 5th step, and signal identical with rotation frequency of spindle, final number are eliminated in residual error data
According to peak-to-peak value be radial beat eccentricity influential on processing quality.
When the present invention carries out lathe radial pulsation measurement under machining state, nylon is driven to push away using differential screw mechanism
Block, so that the plug on tempered glass is pushed, meanwhile, displacement when Mandrel Rotating is picked up using high precision laser displacement sensor
Signal, and be transferred to computer and be processed and displayed, micro-positioning regulators are until the peak-to-peak value of measured value is minimum, to realize
It is primary depolarized；Measured value is filtered on host computer, eliminates and revolving speed is the same as the measuring signal of frequency, the finally change of gained measured value
Dynamic range is radial beat eccentricity influential on processing quality.Compared with prior art, it has the advantage that
1, solving the problems, such as conventional radial jitter detection apparatus can not be in the measurement of the circular runout value under cutting state
True reflection spindle processing precision provides detection foundation.
2, high precision laser displacement sensor is used, is in contactless state with test point, may be implemented under fast state
Lathe circular runout detection.
3, using the Xiao Pian mechanism combined based on nylon pushing block and high accuracy displacement sensor, adjustable plug until
The peak-to-peak value of signal is minimum, and theoretically, plug center can be very close with the center of main shaft radial direction beating scope.
4, residual computations are carried out to the smallest measured value in peak peak and numerical filtering is handled, letter identical with rotation frequency of spindle
Number, it can really obtain radial beat eccentricity influential on processing quality.
5, it is installed using magnet base, easy to operate, limitations are small.
6, it is arranged by different mounting assemblies, the radial pulsation measurement of any live spindle may be implemented, it is easy to spread.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is plug holding part structural schematic diagram；
Fig. 2 is dynamic commissioning modular construction schematic diagram；
Fig. 3 is that lathe diameter jumps measuring device stereoscopic schematic diagram；
Fig. 4 is the theoretical detection model figure of lathe circular runout under machining state.
In figure: 1. processed poles, 2. installation sets, 3. installation set holding screws, 4. connector sleeves, 5. mounting screws, the last 6.
Magnet, 7. lock ring lids, 8. tempered glass, 9. plugs；10. magnet base, 11. longitudinal movement plates, 12. differential screw mechanism clamp screws
Nail, 13. differential screw mechanisms, 14. are transversely mounted plate, 15 installation bolts, 16. laser displacement sensors, 17. mounting plate clamp screws
Nail, 18. nylon pushing blocks, 19. machine bodies, 20. knife rests, 21. lathe tools, 22. placement blocks, 23. laser beams.
Specific embodiment
The present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawing.For the smooth implementation for guaranteeing this method, it is necessary to there is a core
Stick holding part and a dynamic commissioning component.
Shown in Fig. 1 plug holding part structural schematic diagram, the tail portion of processed pole 1 is processed into and installation set 2 in advance
After inner hole is with diameter, installation set 2 is connected by holding screw 3 and processed pole 1；Connector sleeve 4 uses non-magnet material, with peace
Encapsulation 2 is connected by mounting screw 5；Strong magnet 6 is placed in the inner hole of connector sleeve 4, is pressed using band internal thread lock ring lid 7
Closing strong magnet 6 and tempered glass 8 finally may be implemented plug 9 and is pull-in on the smooth surface of tempered glass 8.
Shown in Fig. 2 dynamic commissioning modular construction schematic diagram, being transversely mounted plate 14 can be in the dovetail groove of longitudinal movement plate 11
Height adjustment is carried out, and is locked by holding screw 17；The tail portion of differential screw mechanism 13 is cased with nylon pushing block 18, and passes through tightening
Screw 12, which is fixed on, to be transversely mounted on plate 14, and differential screw mechanism 13 can push nylon pushing block 18 to be one-dimensional linear motion, and Buddhist nun
Imperial pushing block 18 itself has certain elasticity；Meanwhile laser displacement sensor 16 installs bolt 15 by sensor and is fixed on cross
To on mounting plate 14, and the transmission with host computer progress data.
Fig. 3 is that lathe diameter jumps measuring device.The tail portion of processed pole is processed in advance, diameter and installation set 2
Inner hole it is equivalent, and should be greater than the final processing dimension in tail portion.The plug holding part and processed pole are connected, and
The dynamic commissioning component is placed in any static position of machine body 19, is attracted using magnet base 10.Under machining state
Lathe radial pulsation measurement method is described as follows:
After processed pole 1 is placed in the spindle hole of machine body 19, the tail portion of processed pole 1 is processed into and is pacified in advance
The same diameter of 2 inner hole of encapsulation, and processed pole 1 and the plug holding mechanism are fixed.Meanwhile by the dynamic commissioning component
It is placed in any static position of machine body 19, is attracted using magnet base 10, if space limits, placement block can be separately set and be placed in machine
Any static position of bed ontology 19.
Start processing program, knife rest 20 drives lathe tool 21 on the slide carriage of machine body 19 to the processed pole being rotating
19 carry out machining.Since 9 axially loaded of plug is very big, radial force is smaller, drives nylon using differential screw mechanism 13
Pushing block 18 can push the plug 9 on tempered glass 8 to move；Meanwhile plug 9 is picked up using high precision laser displacement sensor 16
Displacement signal when rotation, and be transferred to computer and carry out processing and graphical display.Since the front end face of nylon pushing block 18 is flat
Face, radially pushes accurate plug 9, and the peak-to-peak value of measured displacement signal constantly changes with the position of nylon pushing block 18, according to
This peak-to-peak value variation, adjustable plug 9 is until the peak-to-peak value of signal is minimum, at this point, the center of plug 9 is radially jumped with main shaft
The theoretical center of dynamic range is overlapped.Final displacement measurement data are handled.
The first step determines the speed of mainshaft, and when plug 9 exists compared with large eccentricity, measured waveform has periodically, marking wave
Shape periodicity and corresponding time, rotation frequency of spindle can be obtained.
Second step calculates the residual error of measurement data.Each sample readings of sensor subtract the mean value of sample range.
Bandstop filter is arranged in third step, and signal identical with rotation frequency of spindle, final number are eliminated in residual error data
According to peak-to-peak value be radial beat eccentricity influential on processing quality.
Primary depolarized theoretical model is introduced first.The testing principle of Fig. 3 can be reduced to shown in Fig. 4, and plug 9 is around lathe 19
Main shaft gyration, when turn error is not present, if O point is the centre of gyration, and having eccentricity is OA.When nylon pushing block 18 is along X-axis
It moves slowly at forward, the center A of 18 mutual extrusion of plug 9 and nylon pushing block, plug 9 is close to O point.Also, due to OA with
When BC is vertical, the edge of plug 9 is nearest by BC, thus, the motion track of plug 9 can be understood as: A point approaches O point along X-axis.
Only O, A are overlapped, the figure that the data that laser displacement sensor 16 acquires are drawn on host computer, and theoretically zero, eccentric quilt
Thoroughly eliminate.
When there are turn error, O' is the instantaneous centre of gyration in Fig. 4, and O point is average rotation center.The position of A point can
It indicates are as follows:
M (t) is a complex function, indicates rotor radial Error-motion in Rotation and its orientation in rotary motion plane.
The displacement that sensor is surveyed:
By formula (1) it is found that when O'A is smaller,Also smaller.Through adjusting, when O'A reaches 0.1 millimeter magnitude
Afterwards,Opposite plug radius R is minimum.Thus, the second subitem is basically unchanged in formula (2), and alternating component only has in e
Two afterwards.As shown in figure 4, O'A is adjustable, when O'A is 0, the variation amplitude Δ e of e takes the maximum value of M (t), i.e. circular runout
Value.As it can be seen that Δ e may be smaller than diameter jump value, corresponding bias O'A then may not be 0.
Starter motor tool machining program, laser displacement sensor process of measurement, when machine slide band cutter is to processed circle
When stick is processed, differential screw mechanism is quickly adjusted, until the measurement peak-to-peak value of sensor is most on process of measurement on host computer
It is small.
Secondly, introducing, numerical value processing is secondary to be cut partially.Since the variation of final sensor output value is minimum, and because
The speed of mainshaft is not influenced with the circular runout component of frequency with processing quality relationship, thus to the output sample of final sensor into
After row is filtered with frequency, the mobility scale of remaining numerical value is radial beat eccentricity influential on processing quality.
Claims (3)
1. lathe main shaft diameter is to jitter detection apparatus, including host computer, plug holding part and dynamic commissioning portion under machining state
Part, it is characterised in that:
Plug holding part is mounted on processed pole (1), and installation set (2) passes through holding screw (3) and processed pole (1)
It is connected, strong magnet (6) is placed in the inner hole of connector sleeve (4), uses spiral shell after lock ring lid (7) pressing strong magnet and tempered glass (8)
It follows closely (5) and installation set (2) to be connected, plug (9) is pull-in on the smooth surface of tempered glass (8)；
Dynamic commissioning component includes magnet base (10), longitudinal movement plate (11) and the cross branch for being transversely mounted plate (14) composition
Frame is transversely mounted plate (14) one end by bracket and installs differential screw mechanism (13), and tail portion covers a nylon pushing block (18), horizontal
Laser displacement sensor (16) are fixed with to mounting plate (14) other end, data line is connected with host computer.
2. lathe main shaft diameter is to jitter detection apparatus under machining state according to claim 1, characterized in that be transversely mounted
Dovetail in the middle part of plate (14) is flexibly connected with the dovetail groove in the middle part of longitudinal movement plate (11), height is adjusted, by holding screw
(17) it locks.
3. measurement and processing method of the lathe main shaft diameter to jitter detection apparatus under machining state according to claim 1,
It is characterized in that:
The first step in advance processes the tail portion of processed pole (1), and the inner hole of diameter and installation set (2) coincide, and big
In the processing dimension that tail portion is final；
Plug holding part and processed pole (1) are connected by second step, and dynamic commissioning component is attracted using magnet base (10)
It is placed in the static position of machine body (19)；
Third step, starter motor tool machining program and laser displacement sensor process of measurement, when machine slide band cutter is to being added
When work pole (1) carries out machining, differential screw mechanism (13) are quickly adjusted up to the peak of measured value on host computer process of measurement
Peak value is minimum；
4th step, measured value processing: first determining the speed of mainshaft, and when plug (9) exists compared with large eccentricity, measured waveform has the period
Property, wave recording periodicity and corresponding time, obtain rotation frequency of spindle；The residual error of measurement data is calculated, that is, utilizes sensing
Each sample readings of device subtract the average value of sample range；
Bandstop filter is arranged in 5th step, and signal identical with rotation frequency of spindle is eliminated in residual error data, final data
Peak-to-peak value is radial beat eccentricity influential on processing quality.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201710105275.5A CN106826394B (en) | 2017-02-26 | 2017-02-26 | Lathe main shaft diameter is to glitch detection method and device under machining state |
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| CN201710105275.5A CN106826394B (en) | 2017-02-26 | 2017-02-26 | Lathe main shaft diameter is to glitch detection method and device under machining state |
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| CN106826394B true CN106826394B (en) | 2018-12-28 |
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| CN112902848B (en) * | 2021-01-19 | 2022-08-26 | 重庆理工大学 | Z-direction linear displacement and error measurement method and system of three-axis numerical control machine tool |
| CN114035505B (en) * | 2021-11-05 | 2023-06-16 | 珠海格力电器股份有限公司 | Control system and control method for machine tool machining |
| CN114161226B (en) * | 2021-12-23 | 2024-02-23 | 乔治费歇尔机床(常州)有限公司 | Machine tool spindle thermal deformation detection device |
| CN115709180A (en) * | 2022-11-08 | 2023-02-24 | 安徽机电职业技术学院 | Lathe spindle radial runout risk monitoring method based on recognition model |
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