CN106826394A - Lathe main shaft diameter is to glitch detection method and device under machining state - Google Patents
Lathe main shaft diameter is to glitch detection method and device under machining state Download PDFInfo
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- CN106826394A CN106826394A CN201710105275.5A CN201710105275A CN106826394A CN 106826394 A CN106826394 A CN 106826394A CN 201710105275 A CN201710105275 A CN 201710105275A CN 106826394 A CN106826394 A CN 106826394A
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- plug
- main shaft
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- measurement
- machining state
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q17/00—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools
- B23Q17/24—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools using optics or electromagnetic waves
- B23Q17/2452—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools using optics or electromagnetic waves for measuring features or for detecting a condition of machine parts, tools or workpieces
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q17/00—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools
- B23Q17/24—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools using optics or electromagnetic waves
- B23Q17/248—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools using optics or electromagnetic waves using special electromagnetic means or methods
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q17/00—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools
- B23Q2017/001—Measurement or correction of run-out or eccentricity
Abstract
To glitch detection method and device, including host computer, plug holding part and dynamic commissioning part, plug holding part is fixed on processed pole, plug is pull-in on smooth safety glass using strong magnet lathe main shaft diameter under machining state.Dynamic commissioning part is rack-mount with laser displacement sensor and nylon pushing block as core.Support can be arranged in any static position of machine body by magnet base.When carrying out lathe radial pulsation measurement under machining state, nylon pushing block is driven using differential screw mechanism, so as to promote the plug on safety glass, simultaneously, displacement signal during Mandrel Rotating is picked up using high precision laser displacement sensor, and be transferred to computer and process and display, micro-positioning regulators untill the peak-to-peak value minimum of measured value, so as to realize once depolarized；Treatment is filtered on host computer to measured value, the measurement signal with frequency with rotating speed is eliminated, the mobility scale of final gained measured value is radial beat eccentricity influential on crudy.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the lathe spindle under machine tool chief axis circular runout detection field, especially a kind of machining state radially
Glitch detection method, further relates to the device of the detection method.
Background technology
At present, when the crudy of lathe is evaluated, the circular runout of machine tool chief axis is an important indicator.Machining state
Lower main axis circular runout can be with geometric errors such as the roughness of direct reaction piece surface profile, circularity.
Existing detection method has two classes, and one is contact measurement method, general using amesdial or inductance micrometering head
Chaining pin is contacted with the standard mandrel or steel ball installed on main shaft, low speed rotation main shaft, and the jerk value for reading chaining pin can obtain main shaft
Turn error.Chinese invention patent CN201410156897.7 discloses a kind of circular runout of tail stock spindle top and master
Axle is axially driven detection means, and the device one end is provided with axle sleeve, ball bearing and thrust bearing are provided with axle sleeve, and the other end sets
Dynamometer and amesdial are equipped with, so as to measure the main shaft run-out of tailstock and axially loaded situation.Contact measurement method
Advantage is simple to operate, and chaining pin can be made minimum, can in detail reflect the details profile of standard component.But have the disadvantage surveyed main shaft
Rotary speed is relatively low, and often rotating speed is higher during reality processing, and there is radial cutting force and chip interference, thus, surveyed
Circular runout is difficult to embody actual condition.
Two is contactless measurement, main to use current vortex sensor or electro-optical pickoff.Chinese invention patent
CN201310585077.5 discloses a kind of dynamic spindle rotation precision detection device, sets some orthogonal cloth of current vortex sensor
Main shaft test mandrel diametric(al) is placed in, mandrel circular runout signal is obtained.In addition, the device is also in spindle jacket axial direction
Fixed current vortex sensor and laser displacement sensor, to detect main shaft axial runout.CN201610403133.2 discloses one
The non-contact detection device of kind of rotary axis circular runout, is coaxially connected firmly using grating disc with main shaft, the grating on grating disc and
Luminous tube, receiver, indication grating alignment on component frame, main shaft rotarily drives grating disc spins, in reception pipe
Photosignal is received, so as to measure shafting circular runout.Contactless measurement will not scratch measurand surface, bounce
Value can all be measured under any rotating speed, but still there is rotating shaft with standard component axis or the eccentric error of the centre of sphere, still
Conduct can not be entered under cutting state and jump measurement.
The content of the invention
Present invention seek to address that technical problem present in prior art, proposes a kind of lathe suitable under machining state
Circular runout detection method, while providing the device of the detection method.
The present apparatus includes a set of plug holding part on processed axle, and a set of dynamic commissioning part.Core
Rod holding part passes through strong magnet by tested plug sticking on surface roughness safety glass higher, using dynamic commissioning portion
Part carries out once dynamic depolarized and measurement to tested plug, on this basis using data filtering techniques pair and crudy without shadow
Loud rotating speed homogenous frequency signal is filtered, so as to realize real-time measurement of the small circular runout under machining state.
To achieve the above object, technical scheme is as follows：Lathe main shaft diameter is filled to glitch detection under machining state
Put, including host computer, plug holding part and dynamic commissioning part, plug holding part is arranged on and is processed on pole, installs
Set is connected by holding screw with processed pole, and strong magnet, lock ring lid pressing strong magnet and steel are placed in the endoporus of installation set
It is connected with installation set with screw after changing glass, tested mandrel is pull-in on the smooth surface of safety glass；
The cross bracket that dynamic commissioning part includes magnet base, vertically moves plate and be transversely mounted plate composition, is transversely mounted plate
One end installs differential screw mechanism by support, and its afterbody covers a nylon pushing block；It is transversely mounted the plate other end and is fixed with laser
Displacement transducer, its data wire is connected with host computer.
Further, the dovetail in the middle part of plate is transversely mounted to be flexibly connected with the dovetail groove vertically moved in the middle part of plate, it is adjustable
Section height, is locked by holding screw.
Lathe main shaft diameter is to pulsation measurement and processing method under machining state,
, be processed for the afterbody of processed pole in advance by the first step, and its diameter coincide with the endoporus of installation set, and should be greater than
The final processing dimension of afterbody；
Second step, the plug holding part and processed part are connected, and the dynamic commissioning part is placed in into machine body
Any static position, using magnet base adhesive；
3rd step, starter motor tool machining program and laser displacement sensor process of measurement, when machine slide band cutter is to being added
When work pole carries out machining, quick regulation differential screw mechanism, until the peak-to-peak value of measured value is most on host computer process of measurement
It is small.
4th step, measured value treatment：First determine the speed of mainshaft, when plug is present compared with large eccentricity, measured waveform has week
Phase property, wave recording periodicity and corresponding time, obtain rotation frequency of spindle；The residual error of computation and measurement data, i.e., using biography
Each sample readings of sensor subtract the average value of sample range；
5th step, sets bandstop filter, is eliminated and rotation frequency of spindle identical signal in residual error data, final data
Peak-to-peak value is radial beat eccentricity influential on crudy.
When the present invention carries out lathe radial pulsation measurement under machining state, nylon is driven to push away using differential screw mechanism
Block, so that the plug on safety glass is promoted, meanwhile, displacement during Mandrel Rotating is picked up using high precision laser displacement sensor
Signal, and be transferred to computer and process and display, micro-positioning regulators untill the peak-to-peak value minimum of measured value, so as to realize
It is once depolarized；Treatment is filtered on host computer to measured value, the measurement signal with frequency with rotating speed, the change of final gained measured value is eliminated
Dynamic scope is radial beat eccentricity influential on crudy.Compared with prior art, with advantages below：
1st, the measurement of the circular runout value that conventional radial jitter detection apparatus cannot be under cutting state is solved the problems, such as, is true
Reflection spindle processing precision provides detection foundation.
2nd, high precision laser displacement sensor is employed, is in contactless state with test point, it is possible to achieve under fast state
Lathe circular runout detection.
3rd, using the Xiao Pian mechanisms being combined based on nylon pushing block and high accuracy displacement sensor, can adjust plug until
The peak-to-peak value of signal is minimum, and in theory, plug center can be very close to the center of main shaft radial direction beating scope.
4th, residual computations and numerical filtering treatment are carried out to the minimum measured value of peak-to-peak, is believed with rotation frequency of spindle identical
Number, can truly obtain radial beat eccentricity influential on crudy.Error source is few, and measurement efficiency is high, dynamic measurement advantage
Substantially.
5th, installed using magnet base, easy to operate, limitations are small；The structure of device is relatively easy, by different
Mounting assembly is set, and may extend to the circular runout on-line measurement of any rotary type lathe, it is easy to promote.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is plug holding part structural representation；
Fig. 2 is dynamic commissioning modular construction schematic diagram；
Fig. 3 is that measurement apparatus schematic perspective view is jumped in lathe footpath；
Fig. 4 is the theoretical detection model figure of lathe circular runout under machining state.
In figure：1. pole is processed, 2. installation set, 3. installation set holding screw, 4. adapter sleeve, 5. mounting screw, 6. strong
Magnet, 7. lock ring lid, 8. safety glass, is 9. tested plug；10. magnet base, 11. vertically move plate, 12. differential screw mechanisms
Holding screw, 13. differential screw mechanisms, 14. are transversely mounted plate, 15 installation bolts, 16. laser displacement sensors, 17. installations
Plate holding screw, 18. nylon pushing blocks, 19. machine bodies, 20. knife rests, 21. lathe tools, 22. placement blocks, 23. laser beams.
Specific embodiment
The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.To ensure the smooth implementation of this method, it is necessary to there is a core
Rod holding part and a dynamic commissioning part.
Shown in Fig. 1 plug holding part structural representations, the afterbody of processed pole 1 is processed into and installation set 2 in advance
After endoporus is with diameter, installation set 2 is connected by holding screw 3 with processed pole 1；Adapter sleeve 4 uses non-magnet material, with peace
Encapsulation 2 is connected by mounting screw 5；Strong magnet 6 is placed in the endoporus of installation set 2, is pressed using with female lock ring lid 7
Strong magnet 6 and safety glass 8 are closed, finally, it is possible to achieve tested mandrel 9 is pull-in on the smooth surface of safety glass 8.
Shown in Fig. 2 dynamic commissioning modular construction schematic diagrames, being transversely mounted plate 14 can be in the dovetail groove for vertically moving plate 11
Height regulation is carried out, and is locked by holding screw 17；The afterbody of differential screw mechanism 13 is cased with nylon pushing block 18, and by tightening
Screw 12 is fixed on and is transversely mounted on plate 14, and differential screw mechanism 13 can promote nylon pushing block 18 to be one-dimensional linear motion, and Buddhist nun
Imperial pushing block 18 itself has certain elasticity；Meanwhile, laser displacement sensor 16 is fixed on horizontal stroke by sensor installation bolt 15
To on installing plate 14, and the transmission of data is carried out with host computer.
Fig. 3 is that measurement apparatus are jumped in lathe footpath.The afterbody of processed pole is processed in advance, its diameter and installation set 2
Endoporus it is equivalent, and should be greater than the final processing dimension of afterbody.The plug holding part and processed part are connected, and
The dynamic commissioning part is placed in any static position of machine body 19, using the adhesive of magnet base 10.Under machining state
Lathe radial pulsation measurement method is described as follows：
After processed pole 1 is placed in the spindle hole of machine body 19, the afterbody of processed pole 1 is processed into and installation set in advance
The same diameter of 2 endoporus, and processed pole 1 is fixed with the plug holding mechanism.Meanwhile, the dynamic commissioning part is placed in
Any static position of machine body 19, using the adhesive of magnet base 10, if space limits, can separately set placement block and be placed in lathe sheet
Any static position of body 19.
Start procedure, knife rest 20 drives processed pole of the lathe tool 21 on the slide carriage of machine body 19 to being rotating
19 carry out machining.Due to the axially loaded of plug 9 greatly, radial force is smaller, and nylon is driven using differential screw mechanism 13
Pushing block 18 can promote the plug 9 on safety glass 8 to move；Meanwhile, pick up plug 9 using high precision laser displacement sensor 16
Displacement signal during rotation, and be transferred to computer and processed and figure shows.Because the front end face of nylon pushing block 18 is flat
Face, radially promotes accurate plug 9, and the peak-to-peak value of measured displacement signal is continually changing with the position of nylon pushing block 18, according to
This peak-to-peak value changes, can adjust plug 9 until the peak-to-peak value minimum of signal, now, the center of plug 9 is radially jumped with main shaft
The theoretical center of dynamic scope overlaps.Final displacement measurement data are processed.
The first step, determines the speed of mainshaft, and when plug 9 is present compared with large eccentricity, measured waveform has periodically, marking wave
Shape periodicity and corresponding time, you can obtain rotation frequency of spindle.
Second step, the residual error of computation and measurement data.Each sample readings of sensor subtract the average of sample range.
3rd step, sets bandstop filter, is eliminated in residual error data and rotation frequency of spindle identical signal, final number
According to peak-to-peak value be radial beat eccentricity influential on crudy.
Depolarized theoretical model is introduced once first.The Cleaning Principle of Fig. 3 can be reduced to shown in Fig. 4, and plug 9 is around lathe 19
Main shaft gyration, when in the absence of turn error, if O points are the centre of gyration, and it is OA to have eccentric throw.When nylon pushing block 18 is along X-axis
Move slowly at forward, plug 9 and nylon pushing block 18 are mutually extruded, and the center A of plug 9 is close to O points.Also, due to OA with
When BC is vertical, the edge of plug 9 is nearest by BC, thus, the motion track of plug 9 can be understood as：A points approach O points along X-axis.
Only O, A overlap, the figure that the data that laser displacement sensor 16 is gathered are drawn on host computer, theoretically zero, eccentric quilt
Thoroughly eliminate.
When there is turn error, in Fig. 4It is the instantaneous centre of gyration, O points are average rotation center.The position of A points can
It is expressed as：
（1）
It is a complex function, represents rotor radial Error-motion in Rotation and its orientation in gyration plane.
The displacement that sensor is surveyed：
（2）
By formula（1）Understand, whenWhen smaller,Also it is smaller.It is adjusted, whenReach 0.1 millimeter magnitude
Afterwards,With respect to plug radiusIt is minimum.Thus, formula（2）In second subitem be basically unchanged,eMiddle alternating component is only
Two after having.As shown in figure 4,It is adjustable, whenFor 0 when,eChange amplitudeTakeM(t)Maximum, i.e., radially jump
Dynamic value.It can be seen that,Possible specific diameter jump value is smaller, corresponding eccentricMay not be then 0.
Starter motor tool machining program, laser displacement sensor process of measurement, when machine slide band cutter is to being processed circle
When rod is processed, quick regulation differential screw mechanism, until the measurement peak-to-peak value of sensor is most on process of measurement on host computer
It is small.
Secondly, introduce numerical value and process secondary cutting partially.Because the variation of final sensor output value is minimum, and because
The speed of mainshaft does not influence with the circular runout component of frequency with crudy relation, thus output sample to final sensor enters
After row is with frequency filtering process, the mobility scale of remaining numerical value is radial beat eccentricity influential on crudy.
Claims (3)
1. under machining state lathe main shaft diameter to jitter detection apparatus, including host computer, plug holding part and dynamic commissioning portion
Part, it is characterised in that：
Plug holding part is arranged on and is processed on pole, and installation set 2 is connected by holding screw (3) with processed pole (1),
In the endoporus of installation set (2) place strong magnet (6), lock ring lid (7) pressing strong magnet and safety glass (8) afterwards with screw (5) with
Installation set (2) is connected, and tested mandrel (9) is pull-in on the smooth surface of safety glass (8)；
The cross branch that dynamic commissioning part includes magnet base (10), vertically moves plate (11) and be transversely mounted plate (14) composition
Frame, is transversely mounted plate (14) one end and installs differential screw mechanism (13) by support, and its afterbody covers a nylon pushing block (18)；It is horizontal
Laser displacement sensor (16) is fixed with to installing plate (14) other end, its data wire is connected with host computer.
2. under machining state according to claim 1 lathe main shaft diameter to jitter detection apparatus, it is characterized in that, be transversely mounted
Dovetail in the middle part of plate (14) is flexibly connected with the dovetail groove vertically moved in the middle part of plate (11), adjustable-height, by holding screw
(17) lock.
3. under machining state lathe main shaft diameter to pulsation measurement and processing method, it is characterised in that：
, be processed for the afterbody of processed pole (1) in advance by the first step, and its diameter coincide with the endoporus of installation set (2), and greatly
In the processing dimension that afterbody is final；
Second step, the plug holding part and processed part are connected, and the dynamic commissioning part is utilized into magnet base
(10) adhesive is placed in the static position of machine body (19)；
3rd step, starter motor tool machining program and laser displacement sensor process of measurement, when machine slide band cutter is to being added
When work pole (1) carries out machining, quick regulation differential screw mechanism (13) is up to the peak of measured value on host computer process of measurement
Peak value is minimum；
4th step, measured value treatment：First determine the speed of mainshaft, when plug (9) is present compared with large eccentricity, measured waveform has the cycle
Property, wave recording periodicity and corresponding time, obtain rotation frequency of spindle；The residual error of computation and measurement data, i.e., using sensing
Each sample readings of device subtract the average value of sample range；
5th step, sets bandstop filter, is eliminated and rotation frequency of spindle identical signal in residual error data, final data
Peak-to-peak value is radial beat eccentricity influential on crudy.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201710105275.5A CN106826394B (en) | 2017-02-26 | 2017-02-26 | Lathe main shaft diameter is to glitch detection method and device under machining state |
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN201710105275.5A CN106826394B (en) | 2017-02-26 | 2017-02-26 | Lathe main shaft diameter is to glitch detection method and device under machining state |
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| CN106826394B CN106826394B (en) | 2018-12-28 |
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| CN107478184A (en) * | 2017-08-18 | 2017-12-15 | 广州市昊志机电股份有限公司 | A kind of handle of a knife accuracy detecting device |
| CN109287255A (en) * | 2018-08-23 | 2019-02-01 | 江苏大学 | A kind of axle center bounce track testing device |
| CN110196140A (en) * | 2019-01-08 | 2019-09-03 | 宁波朗迪叶轮机械有限公司 | A kind of automatic balancing machine and its glitch detection mechanism |
| CN112320520A (en) * | 2020-11-09 | 2021-02-05 | 浙江新再灵科技股份有限公司 | Elevator abnormal vibration detection method based on residual error analysis |
| CN112902848A (en) * | 2021-01-19 | 2021-06-04 | 重庆理工大学 | Z-direction linear displacement and error measurement method and system of three-axis numerical control machine tool |
| CN114035505A (en) * | 2021-11-05 | 2022-02-11 | 珠海格力电器股份有限公司 | Control system and control method for machine tool machining |
| CN114161226A (en) * | 2021-12-23 | 2022-03-11 | 乔治费歇尔机床(常州)有限公司 | Machine tool spindle thermal deformation detection device |
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