CN107527609A - 一种降低背景噪声的吸隔声装置 - Google Patents

一种降低背景噪声的吸隔声装置 Download PDF

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CN107527609A
CN107527609A CN201710612045.8A CN201710612045A CN107527609A CN 107527609 A CN107527609 A CN 107527609A CN 201710612045 A CN201710612045 A CN 201710612045A CN 107527609 A CN107527609 A CN 107527609A
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翟国庆
林秦豪
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Zhejiang University ZJU
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种降低背景噪声的吸隔声装置，属于噪声监测技术领域，本装置具有由若干块吸隔声板包围且正面敞口的隔音室；位于隔音室顶面、左侧面和/或右侧面的吸隔声板可相对背面的吸隔声板外翻活动调节；可外翻活动调节的吸隔声板的左右两侧或上下两侧的两块吸隔声板活动连接有与外翻后吸隔声板贴合的延伸板。将噪声测量仪器传声器安装在吸隔声装置的隔音室内垂直敞口中心轴线上，装置敞口正对被测声源，使噪声测量仪器可不受吸隔声板遮挡接收所有被测声源噪声。同时由于除敞口侧外，其余五面均由吸隔声板构成，可大幅降低传播至声传感器的背景噪声，从而实现高背景噪声下的噪声测量。

Description

一种降低背景噪声的吸隔声装置
技术领域
本发明涉及噪声监测技术领域，具体地说，涉及一种降低背景噪声的吸隔声装置。
背景技术
随着社会经济的快速发展，人民生活水平不断提高，环境噪声污染问题备受公众关注。为确定工业企业厂界、社会生活噪声排放源边界、铁路边界或建筑施工场界环境噪声排放是否超标，需相应测定工业企业、社会生活噪声排放源、铁路或建筑施工厂界/边界/场界处噪声值。由于厂界/边界/场界测点处测得的噪声值通常为被测声源和背景噪声的叠加值，因此无法直接测得被测声源在测点处排放的噪声值，即被测声源对测点的噪声贡献值，往往需要测量被测声源正常运行时测点处的噪声值(下简称测量值)和不运行时测点处的噪声值(下简称背景值)。
当测量值和背景值差值为3～10dB之间时，按《环境噪声监测技术规范噪声测量值修正》(HJ706–2014)中给出的噪声测量值修正表，修正得到测点处工业企业、社会生活、铁路或建筑施工噪声排放源厂界/边界/场界处的噪声排放值。当然，也可直接根据测量得到的测量值和背景值，利用噪声叠加原理直接计算得到工业企业、社会生活、铁路或建筑施工厂界/边界/场界噪声排放值。然而，当测量值与背景值差值小于3dB时，根据《环境噪声监测技术规范噪声测量值修正》(HJ706–2014)，应采取措施降低背景噪声后重新测量，使得噪声测量值与背景值差值相差3dB以上。目前，市场上并没有一种简单可靠且可有效降低背景噪声的技术装置。
发明内容
本发明的目的为提供一种降低背景噪声的吸隔声装置，用于高背景噪声下被测声源厂界/边界/场界噪声排放值测量。
为了实现上述目的，本发明提供的降低背景噪声的吸隔声装置具有由若干块吸隔声板包围且正面敞口的隔音室；位于隔音室顶面、左侧面和/或右侧面的吸隔声板可相对背面的吸隔声板外翻活动调节；可外翻活动调节的吸隔声板的左右两侧或上下两侧的两块吸隔声板活动连接有与外翻后吸隔声板贴合的延伸板。
上述技术方案中，将噪声测量仪器传声器安装在吸隔声装置的隔音室内垂直敞口中心轴线上，装置敞口正对被测声源，使噪声测量仪器可不受吸隔声板遮挡接收所有被测声源噪声，由于被测声源与噪声测量仪器之间的传声路径不受本技术装置遮挡，且吸隔声装置内壁吸声材料可有效消除装置内壁反射声对噪声测量的影响，因此本装置不影响被测声源排放值测量。同时由于除敞口侧外，其余面均由吸隔声板构成，可大幅降低传播至声传感器的背景噪声，从而实现高背景噪声下的噪声测量。
另外，通过可活动调节的吸隔声板及延伸板使敞口张角可根据实际情况调整，保证被测声源与声传感器之间的传声路径不受吸隔声板直接遮挡，从而使置于吸隔声装置内的声传感器可接收所有被测噪声源噪声。
具体的方案为位于所述隔音室底面的吸隔声板两侧的延伸板的形状为扇形；底面两侧设有楔形插口，扇形延伸板分别可拆卸地插接在楔形插口内。
将底面两侧的延伸板设置成扇形是为了适应两侧面的摆动范围，节省了材料。
另一个具体的方案为顶面两侧的延伸板的形状为扇形，扇形半径与顶面的侧边的长度相同，圆心球铰于顶面的侧边的顶角处。
将顶面两侧的延伸板设置成扇形同样是为了适应两侧面的摆动范围，进一步节省了材料。
另一个具体的方案为两侧面的顶端的延伸板铰接在两侧面的顶边上。在此基础上，设置该延伸板可绕两侧面的顶边旋转180°。
优选的方案为吸隔声装置的敞口侧的吸隔声板及延伸板末端设计为半圆柱型吸声体，圆柱体底面半径为5～15cm，以有效降低背景噪声的绕射声能。
另一个优选的方案为吸隔声板及延伸板的各活动衔接处均采用橡胶或矿棉做密封处理，并对各个活动部件均采用固定零件予以固定。
另一个具体的方案为吸隔声板及延伸板均包括从外到内依次设置的第一隔声层、阻尼层、第二隔声层、吸声层及护面层。
进一步具体的方案为第一隔声层及第二隔声层采用蜂窝铝板制成；阻尼层填充有橡胶或矿棉；吸声层由龙骨和填充在龙骨内的吸声材料组成，吸声材料为矿棉、岩棉或玻璃棉，吸声层外表面呈尖劈状或者波浪形；护面层采用无纺布，包被在吸声层的尖劈端或者波浪形面上。
除了矿棉、岩棉和玻璃棉外，也可使用其它的吸声材料。尖劈状或波浪形的设置可使吸声材料表面声阻抗连续变化，进而提高吸声效果，有效降低装置内壁反射声。
另一个具体的方案为吸隔声装置内部设有用于安装噪声测量仪器或声级计的固定支架。可按实际情况设置固定支架的高度和位置。
再一个具体的方案为吸隔声装置的底部安装有用于支撑吸隔声装置并调节吸隔声装置高度的升降装置。
在测量噪声时，可通过升降装置调整吸隔声装置高度，使布置于装置内的噪声测量仪器高度符合相应标准中规定的测点布置要求。
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果为：
本发明提供的一种降低背景噪声的吸隔声装置，对背景噪声的有效降噪量大于10dB，可广泛应用于高背景噪声下被测声源厂界/边界/场界噪声排放值测量，在环境噪声监测领域具有重要意义。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例在折叠状态时的吸隔声装置结构示意图；
图2为本发明实施例在展开状态时的吸隔声装置结构示意图；
图3为吸隔声板结构示意图。
其中：5、第一隔声层；6、阻尼层；7、第二隔声层；8、吸声层；9、护面层；11、左吸隔声板；12、右吸隔声板；13、上吸隔声板；14、下吸隔声板；、15、背吸隔声板；21、第一扇形吸隔声板；22、第二扇形吸隔声板；31、第一侧吸隔声板；32、第二侧吸隔声板；41、第三扇形吸隔声板；42、第四扇形吸隔声板。
具体实施方式
以下结合实施例及其附图对本发明作进一步说明。
实施例
参见图1和图2，降低背景噪声的吸隔声装置呈长方体型，正面敞口，上、下、左、右、背面均封闭，主体由五块吸隔声板组成，长方体内部形成隔音室。在隔音室内设有用于安装噪声测量仪器或声级计的固定支架，该固定支架的高度和位置可自由调整。位于隔音室顶面、左侧面和/或右侧面的吸隔声板可相对背面的吸隔声板外翻活动调节。
本实施例中，背吸隔声板15与下吸隔声板14相互垂直且沿一边固定连接，上吸隔声板13、左吸隔声板11及右吸隔声板12分别通过沿背吸隔声板15的另外三条边设置的旋转轴与背吸隔声板15铰接，通过各旋转轴可以分别自由调节上面、左面及右面三个面的张角。当然，也可设置上吸隔声板13沿背吸隔声板15的顶边固定连接，或设置左吸隔声板11及右吸隔声板12固定连接，即只有一块或两块吸隔声板活动，此时，也可实现敞口大小的调节，只不过调节范围较小，因此，本实施例设置三块活动的吸隔声板以使敞口调节范围更大。
基于以上，上吸隔声板13上方两侧边处分别设置有第一扇形吸隔声板21及第二扇形吸隔声板22，第一扇形吸隔声板21和第二扇形吸隔声板22的半径与上吸隔声板13宽度相同，圆心球铰于上吸隔声板13的侧边顶角处，两扇形吸隔声板可绕各自圆心自由转动。
左吸隔声板11和右吸隔声板12分别通过沿各自顶边设置的旋转轴分别铰接有第一侧吸隔声板31及第二侧吸隔声板32，第一侧吸隔声板31和第二侧吸隔声板32可分别绕旋转轴翻转180°。
下吸隔声板14的两侧边上均设有两个楔形插口，分别插接可拆卸的第三扇形吸隔声板41和第四扇形吸隔声板42，第三扇形吸隔声板41和第四扇形吸隔声板42的半径与下吸隔声板14的宽度相同。
本实施例中，各旋转轴、各活动部件衔接处均采用橡胶、矿棉等吸隔声材料做密封处理，同时，对各个活动部件均采用相应的固定零件予以固定。
升降装置为可移动式平台，用于支撑、移动吸隔声装置，其高度可自由调节，本实施例的升降装置采用移动式的机械传动升降台，最小升降高度为2.5米，载重大于250千克。
参见图3，本实施例的所有吸隔声板均包括从外到内依次设置的第一隔声层5、阻尼层6、第二隔声层7、吸声层8及护面层9。第一隔声层5及第二隔声层7采用轻质蜂窝铝板制成，阻尼层6填充橡胶或矿棉等阻性材料，吸声层8由龙骨和内部填充的矿棉组成，吸声层8外表面呈尖劈状，尖劈端长度为5～10cm，护面层8采用无纺布，包被在吸声层8的尖劈端部。
本实施例的具体使用方法及原理如下：
在测量厂界/边界/场界噪声时，严格按照相应标准中规定的测点布置要求将本装置布置于厂界/边界/场界外1m合适位置处，通过升降装置将吸隔声装置调整到合适高度，敞口方向正对被测噪声源方向，将噪声测量仪器布置于吸隔声装置内合适位置，通过调节各可活动调节的吸隔声板及延伸板改变敞口张角，使装置内声传感器可不受吸隔声板遮挡接收所有被测声源噪声。由于被测声源与声传感器之间的传声路径不受本技术装置遮挡，且吸隔声装置内壁吸声材料可有效消除装置内壁反射声对噪声测量的影响，因此本装置不影响被测声源排放值测量。同时，吸隔声装置除正对声源侧敞口外，其余五面均由高性能吸隔声板围护，可大幅降低传播至声传感器的背景噪声，从而实现高背景噪声下厂界/边界/场界噪声测量。
需要说明的是，以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施举例，并不用于限制本发明，凡在本发明精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

1.一种降低背景噪声的吸隔声装置，其特征在于：
所述的吸隔声装置具有由若干块吸隔声板包围且正面敞口的隔音室；
位于所述隔音室顶面、左侧面和/或右侧面的吸隔声板可相对背面的吸隔声板外翻活动调节；
可外翻活动调节的吸隔声板的左右两侧或上下两侧的两块吸隔声板活动连接有与外翻后吸隔声板贴合的延伸板。
2.根据权利要求1所述的降低背景噪声的吸隔声装置，其特征在于：
位于所述隔音室底面的吸隔声板两侧的延伸板的形状为扇形；
所述底面两侧设有楔形插口，扇形延伸板分别可拆卸地插接在所述的楔形插口内。
3.根据权利要求1所述的降低背景噪声的吸隔声装置，其特征在于：
所述的顶面两侧的延伸板的形状为扇形，扇形半径与所述顶面的侧边的长度相同，圆心球铰于所述顶面的侧边的顶角处。
4.根据权利要求1所述的降低背景噪声的吸隔声装置，其特征在于：
所述的两侧面的顶端的延伸板铰接在两侧面的顶边上。
5.根据权利要求1至4任一权利要求所述的降低背景噪声的吸隔声装置，其特征在于：
所述的吸隔声装置的敞口侧的吸隔声板及延伸板末端设计为半圆柱型吸声体，圆柱体底面半径为5～15cm。
6.根据权利要求1至4任一权利要求所述的降低背景噪声的吸隔声装置，其特征在于：
所述的吸隔声板及延伸板的各活动衔接处均采用橡胶或矿棉做密封处理。
7.根据权利要求1所述的降低背景噪声的吸隔声装置，其特征在于：
所述的吸隔声板及延伸板均包括从外到内依次设置的第一隔声层、阻尼层、第二隔声层、吸声层及护面层。
8.根据权利要求7所述的降低背景噪声的吸隔声装置，其特征在于：
所述的第一隔声层及第二隔声层采用蜂窝铝板制成；
所述的阻尼层填充有橡胶或矿棉；
所述的吸声层由龙骨和填充在所述龙骨内的吸声材料组成，所述吸声材料为矿棉、岩棉或玻璃棉，所述吸声层外表面呈尖劈状或者波浪形；
所述的护面层采用无纺布，包被在所述吸声层的尖劈端或者波浪形面上。
9.根据权利要求1所述的降低背景噪声的吸隔声装置，其特征在于：
所述的隔音室内设有用于安装噪声测量仪器或声级计的固定支架。
10.根据权利要求1所述的降低背景噪声的吸隔声装置，其特征在于：
所述的吸隔声装置的底部安装有用于支撑所述吸隔声装置并调节所述吸隔声装置高度的升降装置。
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