CN107512926B - 一种发泡气凝胶保温浆料及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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- C04B14/02—Granular materials, e.g. microballoons
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- C04B20/00—Use of materials as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone according to more than one of groups C04B14/00 - C04B18/00 and characterised by shape or grain distribution; Treatment of materials according to more than one of the groups C04B14/00 - C04B18/00 specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Expanding or defibrillating materials
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种发泡气凝胶保温砂浆,其包括以下重量份的原料:胶凝材料1份,水0.8~1.6份,发泡剂0.0002~0.0006份,减水剂0.001~0.02份,玻化微珠0.6~1.0份和SiO2气凝胶0.01~0.15份。本发明还公开了发泡气凝胶保温砂浆的制备方法。本发明的发泡气凝胶保温砂浆采用二氧化硅气凝胶材料改性现有发泡保温砂浆技术,在保持原有发泡保温砂浆强度、施工等性能的基础上,大大提高其保温性能,透气性好,适宜内外墙保温。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及建筑材料技术领域,尤其涉及一种发泡气凝胶保温浆料及其制备方法。
背景技术
建筑能耗已成为我国最主要的能耗单元之一,约占社会总能耗的30%,其中60%的能量损失是由建筑墙体造成的。因此,建筑节能很重要的一个措施就是对墙体进行节能技术改造和创新。
有机类保温材料系统以其优异的保温效果、较轻的材料密度、操作的方便性等优势占据了绝大多数市场份额。有机类保温材料虽然优点很多,但是其致命缺点是不能阻燃,使其在施工过程、实际应用存在巨大的火灾隐患。无机保温材料克服了有机材料不阻燃的先天缺陷,且强度高、耐久性好,但是他们导热系数较高,材料使用厚度过大,在国家节能要求逐步提高的情形下,已无法满足工程需求,因此如何降低无机保温砂浆的导热系数是最急迫的需要。
申请号为CN201310753103的中国专利申请提供了一种喷涂无机保温砂浆的制备方法,其无机保温砂浆可快速凝结固化,防火性能强,可满足连续施工的要求,但是其保温效果一般,和一般的无机保温砂浆无明显差别。申请号为CN201210373076.X的中国专利申请提供了一种纳米硅气凝胶/玻化微珠复合保温砂浆,相比市售无机保温砂浆,保温性能有一定改善,但导热系数为0.051W/m·K,隔热保温效果仍较差,远不及有机保温材料,且强度偏低,不适宜机械化施工。现有无机保温砂浆最普遍的施工方式为人工抹灰,分多层间断性施工。保温层施工不宜少于两遍涂抹,待第一遍抹灰完全硬化后才可以进行下一遍抹灰,人工抹灰施工效率低、质量差,对工人的技术要求高,单位面积的成本高。砂浆的机械化施工在欧美等地区的应用已经十分广泛,但是在我国喷涂施工的应用并不是十分普及,喷涂法对外墙平整度要求低、施工效率高,成本低,有良好的发展前景。
发明内容
有鉴于此,一方面,本发明为解决现有技术中存在的问题而提供了一种发泡气凝胶保温砂浆,本发明的发泡气凝胶保温砂浆采用二氧化硅气凝胶材料改性现有发泡保温砂浆技术,在保持原有发泡保温砂浆强度、施工等性能的基础上,大大提高其保温性能,透气性好,适宜内外墙保温。
本发明采用的技术方案为:一种发泡气凝胶保温砂浆,所述发泡气凝胶保温砂浆包括以下重量份的原料:胶凝材料1份,水0.8~1.6份,发泡剂0.0002~0.0006份,减水剂0.001~0.02份,玻化微珠0.6~1.0份和SiO2气凝胶0.01~0.15份。
在上述技术方案中,发明人经过大量的创造性劳动,将胶凝材料、发泡剂、减水剂、玻化微珠与SiO2气凝胶相结合,并通过选择合适的配比,大大提高了砂浆的保温性能,且具有良好的抗压强度、透气性和适宜施工的稠度。其中,发泡剂的加入可以使得发泡气凝胶保温砂浆具有合适的稠度,满足机械化施工(喷涂施工)的要求,同时发泡剂可以降低发泡气凝胶保温砂浆的导热系数和密度;玻化微珠和SiO2气凝胶具有密度小、导热系数低的优点,玻化微珠、SiO2气凝胶与其他原料在以上用量范围内相配合时,可显著降低发泡气凝胶保温砂浆的导热系数。
作为对上述技术方案的进一步改进,所述发泡气凝胶保温砂浆的导热系数低于0.05W/m·K;优选地,所述发泡气凝胶保温砂浆的导热系数低于0.04W/m·K;更优选地,所述发泡气凝胶保温砂浆的导热系数低于0.03W/m·K;最优选地,所述发泡气凝胶保温砂浆的导热系数为0.028W/m·K。
作为对上述技术方案的进一步改进,所述胶凝材料包括水泥、硅灰、粉煤灰、熟石灰、纤维素醚、乳胶粉和聚丙烯纤维,其中,各组分的质量比为水泥∶硅灰∶粉煤灰∶熟石灰∶纤维素醚∶乳胶粉∶聚丙烯纤维=1∶0.03~0.15∶0.15~0.5∶0.03~0.11∶0.003~0.011∶0.015~0.05∶0.003~0.013。发明人经大量的试验发现,此种胶凝材料可进一步提高发泡气凝胶保温砂浆的稠度,使得到的保温砂浆更适宜施工,同时还可以进一步降低发泡气凝胶保温砂浆的导热系数。
作为对上述技术方案的进一步改进,所述发泡剂为十二烷基苯磺酸铵、十二烷基硫酸钠、α烯基磺酸钠中的至少一种。这两种发泡剂成本较低,且制得的保温砂浆具有良好的施工、保温性能。
作为对上述技术方案的进一步改进,所述玻化微珠的堆积密度为100~120kg/m3。玻化微珠的堆积密度影响发泡气凝胶保温砂浆的容重及性能,当玻化微珠的堆积密度在以上范围内时,得到的保温砂浆的性能更佳。
作为对上述技术方案的进一步改进,所述SiO2气凝胶的导热系数小于0.018W/m·K,密度为60~120kg/m3。SiO2气凝胶的导热系数和密度影响发泡气凝胶保温砂浆的导热系数及容重,当SiO2气凝胶的导热系数和密度在以上范围内时,得到的保温砂浆的性能更佳。
作为对上述技术方案的进一步改进,所述的SiO2气凝胶为超疏水性SiO2气凝胶,其孔隙率大于90%,粒度尺寸为0.01~6mm,孔径为10nm~60nm。以上参数影响SiO2气凝胶与其他原料的混合效果以及保温砂浆的保温效果,当所述参数在以上数值范围内时,得到的保温砂浆的性能更佳。
作为对上述技术方案的进一步改进,所述SiO2气凝胶为经硅烷偶联剂进行表面改性后的SiO2气凝胶。改性后的SiO2气凝胶能够更好地与其他原料复合,使得混合更为均匀,而且可节省水的用量,增加保温砂浆的稠度,使其更适宜于机械喷涂施工。
作为对上述技术方案的进一步改进,所述经硅烷偶联剂进行表面改性后的SiO2气凝胶的制备方法包括:
(1)用水配制硅烷偶联剂溶液,得到的硅烷偶联剂溶液的质量分数为5~10%;
(2)将SiO2气凝胶加入硅烷偶联剂溶液中,混合,制成改性SiO2气凝胶分散液,其中,SiO2气凝胶的加入量为硅烷偶联剂溶液总重量的10-45%。
作为对上述技术方案的进一步改进,所述水泥为普通硅酸盐水泥,优选为42.5号普通硅酸盐水泥;所述矿粉为S95级矿粉。
作为对上述技术方案的进一步改进,所述的乳胶粉为丙烯酸酯类、乙烯酸乙烯酯类中的至少一种;
所述聚丙烯纤维长度为2~50mm。
另一方面,本发明还提供了以上所述的发泡气凝胶保温砂浆的制备方法,其包括以下步骤:
1)将所述胶凝材料、减水剂、发泡剂和玻化微珠混合,搅拌均匀,得混合料;
2)向步骤1)中的混合料中加入所述SiO2气凝胶继续搅拌,边搅拌边加入剩余的水,即得所述发泡气凝胶保温砂浆。
相对于现有技术,本发明的有益效果为:
本发明采用二氧化硅气凝胶材料改性现有发泡保温砂浆技术,胶凝材料组分进行优选设计,在保持原有发泡保温砂浆强度、施工等性能的基础上,大大提高其保温性能,导热系数可低至0.028W/m·K,体积密度可低至220kg/m3透气性好。本发明制备的发泡气凝胶保温砂浆具有优良的保温隔热、防火、施工性能,强度高、耐候性好,可机械化施工,大大缩短施工时间,成本低且绿色环保,在节能要求不断提高的情况下,有极大的市场空间和前景。
具体实施方式
以下结合优选实施例进一步详细描述本发明的特点及优点。以下实施方式仅是示例性的,本领域技术人员可在此基础上作出显而易见的修改,这些修改也被包括在本发明的范围内。
实施例1
将胶凝材料的各组分按照水泥∶硅灰∶粉煤灰∶熟石灰∶纤维素醚∶乳胶粉∶聚丙烯纤维=1∶0.04∶0.15∶0.03∶0.005∶0.02∶0.003的质量比预先在混合器搅拌混合3min后,制得胶凝材料,待用。将以上胶凝材料与其他原料按照胶凝材料∶发泡剂∶减水剂∶玻化微珠=1∶0.0004∶0.01∶1.0的质量比进行搅拌混合3min,制得混合粉料,其中,发泡剂为十二烷基苯磺酸铵。用水配制硅烷偶联剂溶液,硅烷偶联剂的质量分数为7%,将SiO2气凝胶加入硅烷偶联剂溶液中,混合,制成改性SiO2气凝胶分散液,其中,SiO2气凝胶的加入量为硅烷偶联剂溶液总重量的20%;将上述的混合粉料和改性SiO2气凝胶分散液混合搅拌,边搅拌边加入剩余的水,SiO2气凝胶、水与胶凝材料的质量比为0.07∶0.9∶1,得到发泡气凝胶保温砂浆。本实施例制得的发泡气凝胶保温砂浆稠度为84mm,适宜机械施工,经测试该发泡气凝胶保温砂浆的导热系数为0.036W/m·K,抗压强度0.40MPa。
实施例2
将胶凝材料的各组分按照水泥∶硅灰∶粉煤灰∶熟石灰∶纤维素醚∶乳胶粉∶聚丙烯纤维=1∶0.03∶0.25∶0.04∶0.004∶0.025∶0.004的质量比预先在混合器搅拌3min后待用。将以上胶凝材料与其他原料按照胶凝材料∶发泡剂∶减水剂∶玻化微珠=1∶0.0003∶0.02∶1.0的质量比进行搅拌混合3min,制得混合粉料,其中,发泡剂为十二烷基硫酸钠。用水配制硅烷偶联剂溶液,硅烷偶联剂溶液的质量分数为8%,将SiO2气凝胶加入硅烷偶联剂溶液中,混合,制成改性SiO2气凝胶分散液,其中,SiO2气凝胶的加入量为硅烷偶联剂溶液总重量的30%;将上述的混合粉料和气凝胶分散液混合搅拌,边搅拌边加入剩余的水,SiO2气凝胶、水与胶凝材料的质量比为0.08∶0.9∶1,得到发泡气凝胶保温砂浆,本实施例制得的发泡气凝胶保温砂浆稠度为85mm,适宜机械施工,经测试该发泡气凝胶保温砂浆的导热系数为0.031W/m·K,抗压强度0.31MPa。
本实施例制备的发泡气凝胶保温砂浆与其他常用保温砂浆性能对比如下表:
实施例3
将胶凝材料的各组分按照水泥∶硅灰∶粉煤灰∶熟石灰∶纤维素醚∶乳胶粉∶聚丙烯纤维=1∶0.12∶0.5∶0.11∶0.06∶0.03∶0.010的质量比预先在混合器搅拌3min后待用。将以上胶凝材料与其他原料按照胶凝材料∶发泡剂∶减水剂∶玻化微珠=1∶0.0004∶0.004∶0.6的质量比进行搅拌混合3min,制得混合粉料,其中,发泡剂为十二烷基苯磺酸铵。用水配制硅烷偶联剂溶液,硅烷偶联剂溶液的质量分数为9%,将SiO2气凝胶加入硅烷偶联剂溶液中,混合,制成改性SiO2气凝胶分散液,其中,SiO2气凝胶的加入量为硅烷偶联剂溶液总重量的45%;将上述的混合粉料和气凝胶分散液混合搅拌,边搅拌边加入剩余的水,SiO2气凝胶、水与胶凝材料的质量比为0.1∶1.5∶1,得到发泡气凝胶保温砂浆,本实施例制得的发泡气凝胶保温砂浆稠度为83mm,适宜机械施工,经测试该发泡气凝胶保温砂浆的导热系数为0.028W/m·K,抗压强度0.25MPa。
实施例4
将胶凝材料的各组分按照水泥∶硅灰∶粉煤灰∶熟石灰∶纤维素醚∶乳胶粉∶聚丙烯纤维=1∶0.05∶0.25∶0.06∶0.006∶0.030∶0.007的质量比预先在混合器搅拌3min后待用。将以上胶凝材料与其他原料按照胶凝材料∶发泡剂∶减水剂∶玻化微珠=1∶0.0003∶0.003∶0.9的质量比进行搅拌混合3min,制得混合粉料,其中,发泡剂为十二烷基苯磺酸铵。用水配制硅烷偶联剂溶液,硅烷偶联剂溶液的质量分数为7%,将SiO2气凝胶加入硅烷偶联剂溶液中,混合,制成改性SiO2气凝胶分散液,其中,SiO2气凝胶的加入量为硅烷偶联剂溶液总重量的15%;将上述的混合粉料和气凝胶分散液混合搅拌,边搅拌边加入剩余的水,SiO2气凝胶、水与胶凝材料的质量比为0.015∶1.0∶1,得到发泡气凝胶保温砂浆,本实施例制得的发泡气凝胶保温砂浆稠度为87mm,适宜机械施工,经测试该发泡气凝胶保温砂浆的导热系数为0.040W/m·K,抗压强度0.48MPa。
实施例5
除了SiO2气凝胶为普通SiO2气凝胶而未进行改性之外,其余同实施例2。本实施例制得的发泡气凝胶保温砂浆稠度为45mm,不适宜机械施工,经测试该发泡气凝胶保温砂浆的导热系数为0.06W/m·K,抗压强度0.33MPa。
实施例6
除了胶凝材料为水泥∶硅灰∶纤维素醚∶乳胶粉∶聚丙烯纤维=1∶0.06∶0.005∶0.030∶0.005之外,其余同实施例2。本实施例制得的发泡气凝胶保温砂浆稠度为63mm,适宜机械施工,经测试该发泡气凝胶保温砂浆的导热系数为0.035W/m·K,抗压强度0.36MPa。
实施例7
除了胶凝材料为水泥∶硅灰=1∶0.11之外,其余同实施例2。本实施例制得的发泡气凝胶保温砂浆稠度为59mm,可机械施工,经测试该发泡气凝胶保温砂浆的导热系数为0.038W/m·K,抗压强度0.39MPa。
对比例1
除了未使用发泡剂之外,其余同实施例1。本对比例制得的保温砂浆稠度为51mm,经测试该保温砂浆的导热系数为0.068W/m·K,抗压强度0.56MPa。
对比例2
保温砂浆由玻化微珠25wt%,水泥用量120kg/m3,石灰用量60kg/m3,胶粉1.5wt%,纤维素醚0.5wt%,减水剂0.7wt%制得,W/C为1.85,将粉料混合搅拌1min,将减水剂与水先混合,边搅拌边加入水,搅拌3min,即可无机保温砂浆,稠度为52mm,经测试该无机保温砂浆的导热系数为0.075W/m·K,抗压强度0.75MPa。
几种常见保温材料主要性能如下表所示:
以上所述是本发明的优选实施方式,应当指出,对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明原理的前提下,还可以做出若干改进和润饰,这些改进和润饰也视为本发明的保护范围。
Claims (7)
1.一种发泡气凝胶保温砂浆,其特征在于:所述发泡气凝胶保温砂浆包括以下重量份的原料:胶凝材料1份,水0.8~1.6份,发泡剂0.0002~0.0006份,减水剂0.001~0.02份,玻化微珠0.6~1.0份和SiO2气凝胶0.01~0.15份;
所述胶凝材料包括水泥、硅灰、粉煤灰、熟石灰、纤维素醚、乳胶粉和聚丙烯纤维,其中,各组分的质量比为水泥:硅灰:粉煤灰:熟石灰:纤维素醚:乳胶粉:聚丙烯纤维=1:0.03~0.15:0.15~0.5:0.03~0.11:0.003~0.011:0.015~0.05:0.003~0.013;
所述SiO2气凝胶为经硅烷偶联剂进行表面改性后的SiO2气凝胶;
所述发泡剂为十二烷基苯磺酸铵、十二烷基硫酸钠、α烯基磺酸钠中的至少一种。
2.根据权利要求1所述的发泡气凝胶保温砂浆,其特征在于:所述发泡气凝胶保温砂浆的导热系数低于0.05W/m·K。
3.根据权利要求1所述的发泡气凝胶保温砂浆,其特征在于:所述玻化微珠的堆积密度为100~120kg/m3。
4.根据权利要求1所述的发泡气凝胶保温砂浆,其特征在于:所述SiO2气凝胶的导热系数小于0.018W/m·K,密度为60~120kg/m3。
5.根据权利要求4所述的发泡气凝胶保温砂浆,其特征在于:所述经硅烷偶联剂进行表面改性后的SiO2气凝胶通过以下步骤制得:(1)用水配制硅烷偶联剂溶液,得到的硅烷偶联剂溶液的质量分数为5~10%;(2)将SiO2气凝胶加入硅烷偶联剂溶液中,混合,制成改性SiO2气凝胶分散液,其中,SiO2气凝胶的加入量为硅烷偶联剂溶液总重量的10~45%。
6.根据权利要求1所述的发泡气凝胶保温砂浆,其特征在于:所述乳胶粉为丙烯酸酯类、乙烯酸乙烯酯类中的至少一种;
所述聚丙烯纤维长度为2~50mm。
7.根据权利要求1~6中任一项所述的发泡气凝胶保温砂浆的制备方法,其特征在于:包括以下步骤:
1)将所述胶凝材料、减水剂、发泡剂和玻化微珠混合,搅拌均匀,得混合料;
2)向步骤1)中的混合料中加入所述SiO2气凝胶继续搅拌,边搅拌边加入剩余的水,即得所述发泡气凝胶保温砂浆。
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