CN107500783A - 一种用于制备碳化硼防弹陶瓷的造粒机 - Google Patents

一种用于制备碳化硼防弹陶瓷的造粒机 Download PDF

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CN107500783A
CN107500783A CN201710884995.6A CN201710884995A CN107500783A CN 107500783 A CN107500783 A CN 107500783A CN 201710884995 A CN201710884995 A CN 201710884995A CN 107500783 A CN107500783 A CN 107500783A
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comminutor
pump
bucket
boron carbide
spray disk
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崔毅
方宁象
张国军
张新龙
许姚强
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Zhejiang Li Tai Composite Ltd Co
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Abstract

本发明提供一种用于制备碳化硼防弹陶瓷的造粒机，包括浆料桶，泵，泵电机，喷盘，喷盘电机，鼓风机，造粒机桶，超声装置，所述浆料桶与泵连通，所述泵与喷盘连通，所述造粒机桶设在喷盘下方且与喷盘连通，所述超声装置设在造粒机桶下方且与造粒机桶连通，所述喷盘设有风口，所述风口与鼓风机连接，所述超声装置设有出料口。本发明提供的造粒机可以使得树脂均匀的包覆在碳化硼表面，从而显著提高了碳化硼防弹陶瓷的性能。

Description

一种用于制备碳化硼防弹陶瓷的造粒机
技术领域
本发明属于防弹陶瓷领域，具体涉及一种用于制备碳化硼防弹陶瓷的造粒机。
背景技术
陶瓷基复合防弹材料的核心部件是防弹陶瓷，在目前已有的各种防弹陶瓷中，碳化硼，(B4C)陶瓷具有最轻的比重，最高的硬度和弹性模量，是除金刚石、立方相氮化硼外最坚硬的材料，是现代轻质防弹材料的首选抗弹陶瓷材料。B4C的熔点高达2350℃，塑性差，晶界移动阻力很大，因此B4C陶瓷的制备相对困难，目前B4C陶瓷的制备主要是热压烧结、无压烧结、反应烧结三种工艺，热压烧结需要粒度≤3.5微米的细粉，并且工艺成本极高，无压烧结需要粒度≤1微米的超细粉，烧结温度较高，产品收缩大，尺寸精度不宜控制，反应烧结温度低，净尺寸烧结等优点，具有良好的应用前景。目前反应烧结B4C工艺采用真空渗硅方法，在该工艺生产过程中，碳化硼固相因于液相硅反应而大费损耗，减弱了碳化硼材料的优势。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种用于制备碳化硼防弹陶瓷的造粒机，该造粒机包括浆料桶，泵，泵电机，喷盘，喷盘电机，鼓风机，造粒机桶，超声装置，所述浆料桶与泵连通，所述泵与喷盘连通，所述造粒机桶设在喷盘下方且与喷盘连通，所述超声装置设在造粒机桶下方且与造粒机桶连通，所述喷盘设有风口，所述风口与鼓风机连接，所述超声装置设有出料口。
作为优选，所述泵为蠕动泵，所述地蠕动泵将浆料均匀连续的抽取到喷盘中。
与现有技术相比，本发明具有以下有益效果：
本发明提供的造粒机结构上将超声装置与喷盘连接在一起，可以使得树脂均匀的包覆在碳化硼表面，显著提高了碳化硼防弹陶瓷的性能。
附图说明
图1为本发明提供的造粒机的结构简易图；
图2为本发明提供的防弹插板防弹测试中碳化硼冲击面；
图3为本发明提供的防弹插板防弹测试中的超高分子量聚乙烯背板穿透情况。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本发明进行详细的说明。
实施例1
1)将B4C粉和改性酚醛树脂在球磨机中球磨12小时，形成浆料；球磨原料配方为B4C质量900g，改性酚醛树脂80g，PVA5g，甘油4g，PEG 2g，无水乙醇1000g，且B4C由三种粒度的粉末级配而成，球磨介质为碳化硅球，所述碳化硅球与上述原料配方的重量比例为1:2，其中B4C粉平均粒度8-10微米，质量占B4C总质量的50％；另一种B4C粉平均粒度20-25微米，质量占B4C总质量的30％；第三种B4C粉平均粒度2-4微米，质量占B4C总质量的20％。
2)用自制造粒机进行造粒，造粒机为本申请的发明人自制的造粒机，具体造粒机的结构如图1所示，包括浆料桶1，蠕动泵电机，蠕动泵2，喷盘3，喷盘电机，造粒机桶4，超声装置6，出料口7，所述浆料桶1与蠕动泵2连通，所述蠕动泵2与喷盘3连通，所述喷盘3与造粒机桶4连通，所述造粒机桶4与超声装置6连通，所述喷盘设有风口，其中所述风口可以为沿喷盘中心轴线上周围开设的通孔。所述风口与鼓风机连接，所述超声装置内通入去离子水5。
所述造粒机的具体工作步骤为：1)将喷盘3转速设定为300转/分钟，超声装置的频率设定为40-60KHz；驱动蠕动泵电机，将上述步骤1)中球磨好的浆料桶中的浆料通过蠕动泵2输送到造粒机顶端的喷盘3中，喷盘电机驱动系统驱动喷盘3旋转，旋转的喷盘3通过离心作用将浆料分散，鼓风机通过风口将分散的浆料吹至底部带有超声装置6的水中，颗粒不溶于水而沉淀至底部，这样，酚醛树脂就很好的均匀地包覆在B4C表面；雾化结束后通过造粒机的出料口7将颗粒和水分离，将得到的颗粒烘干，干燥温度为110℃，烘干后得到造粒粉。
3)选择模具，将上述得到的造粒粉模压成型，得到压坯，
4)然后将压坯在网带炉中加热，树脂分解并产生包覆碳源，得到坯体，网带炉中压坯最高分解温度820-850℃，，网带速率80-90mm/min。
5)再经真空烧结炉中烧结，真空度≤10Pa，将适量的硅粒压成硅饼，将硅饼置于坯件上层，硅饼重量与坯件重量比例为1.2:1；真空烧结温度设置为1580-1600℃；保温保压30min，硅饼在升温过程中融化，并渗透至坯体孔隙中，并与碳反应生成碳化硅。
6)烧结完成后用砂轮将产品表面残余少量硅打磨干净
步骤6)最终得到的产品性能为：密度2.64-2.67g/cm3，显微硬度2900-3100HV0.2，抗弯强度为450MPa，断裂韧性为4.5MPa·m1/2。
其中该防弹陶瓷按质量百分比计包括以下的组分：B4C 50-60％；SiC 25-30％；Si15-25％。
实施例2
实施例2通过替换实施例1步骤1)中球磨配方的比例，如将B4C质量改为1200g或800g，改性酚醛树脂80g，其他质量与实施例1等同，结果表明得到的产品抗弯强度均≥450MPa，断裂韧性≥4.5MPa·m1/2。
实施3
采用传统的碳化硼工艺得到碳化硼防弹陶瓷，传统的工艺流程与实施例1工艺流程唯一不同的工艺为是造粒方式不同；传统的造粒机难以将酚醛树脂均匀的包覆在碳化硼陶瓷表面，从而得到碳均匀分布的造粒粉。
结果表明，实施例1得到的防弹陶瓷相较于实施2得到的防弹陶瓷其烧结后显微硬度、抗弯强度和断裂韧性分别提高了18％，33％和35％。
实施例4
根据实施例1的工艺流程，选用合适的模具得到5mm厚度的碳化硼防弹陶瓷，将上述制备得到的5mm碳化硼防弹陶瓷与10Kg/m2的超高分子量聚乙烯背板复合，复合方法采用界面胶粘剂，得到一种防弹插板。
实验例5
将实施例4得到的样品防弹插板进行防弹性能测试：
测试环境：室温，温度23℃，湿度40％RH；
测试检测主要用仪器设备：通用标准量具；弹道测试系统；电子秤；枪械(95式5.8mm自动步枪)；弹药(87式5.8mm普通弹)；
常温条件下，射距10m，射角0°，用95式5.8mm自动步枪配87式5.8mm普通弹有效射弹3发，均未穿透，背衬材料最大凹陷深度为22.4mm。详细数据见表1；另外，如图2和图3所示，本发明提供的防弹插板在受到子弹冲击时陶瓷会产生裂纹并磨削弹头，背板纤维产生拉伸、断裂等形式进一步吸收子弹的动能，从而保护人员或设备。
表1
上述实验结果防弹插板与传统的碳化硼防弹插板相比，抗弹能力增强。常规的反应烧结碳化硼工艺中，硅在升温中熔化后经毛细管力作用渗透至坯件的孔隙中，与坯体中的碳反应生成碳化硅，同时填充剩余孔隙，但在实际过程中，碳化硼主相与Si反应而大量损耗，减弱了B4C的材料优势，本专利采用改性酚醛树脂为碳源，脱蜡后形成B4C颗粒上的C包覆，C包覆的B4C可有效降低反应烧结过程中碳化硼颗粒的溶解及颗粒尺寸的增大，且制品中生成大量纳米SiC颗粒，因此材料的显微硬度、抗弯强度和断裂韧性可以得到大幅度的提高，从而增强了抗弹能力。
以上所述，仅为本发明较佳的具体实施方式，本发明的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本领域的技术人员在本发明披露的技术范围内，根据本发明的技术方案及其发明构思加以等同替换或改变，都应该涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (2)

1.一种用于制备碳化硼防弹陶瓷的造粒机，其特征在于：包括浆料桶，泵，泵电机，喷盘，喷盘电机，鼓风机，造粒机桶，超声装置，所述浆料桶与泵连通，所述泵与喷盘连通，所述造粒机桶设在喷盘下方且与喷盘连通，所述超声装置设在造粒机桶下方且与造粒机桶连通，所述喷盘设有风口，所述风口与鼓风机连接，所述超声装置设有出料口。
2.如权利要求1所述的用于制备碳化硼防弹陶瓷的造粒机，其特征在于：所述泵为蠕动泵。
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