CN107497458B - 一种氟碲酸铋光催化材料、制备方法及其应用 - Google Patents
一种氟碲酸铋光催化材料、制备方法及其应用 Download PDFInfo
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 230000001699 photocatalysis Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth atom Chemical compound [Bi] JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
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- PYWVYCXTNDRMGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodamine B Chemical group [Cl-].C=12C=CC(=[N+](CC)CC)C=C2OC2=CC(N(CC)CC)=CC=C2C=1C1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O PYWVYCXTNDRMGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
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- 229910003069 TeO2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
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- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000000593 degrading effect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910000416 bismuth oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- BRCWHGIUHLWZBK-UHFFFAOYSA-K bismuth;trifluoride Chemical compound F[Bi](F)F BRCWHGIUHLWZBK-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- TYIXMATWDRGMPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibismuth;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Bi+3].[Bi+3] TYIXMATWDRGMPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 7
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- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052714 tellurium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- PORWMNRCUJJQNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tellurium atom Chemical compound [Te] PORWMNRCUJJQNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000011941 photocatalyst Substances 0.000 description 10
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000000862 absorption spectrum Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 3
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- 238000013033 photocatalytic degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001782 photodegradation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000634 powder X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001451 bismuth ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004763 sulfides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- XTQHKBHJIVJGKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfur monoxide Chemical class S=O XTQHKBHJIVJGKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LAJZODKXOMJMPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N tellurium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Te]=O LAJZODKXOMJMPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002371 ultraviolet--visible spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002912 waste gas Substances 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种氟碲酸铋光催化材料、制备方法及其应用,属于无机光催化材料技术领域。本发明提供的氟碲酸铋光催化材料的化学式为Bi9TeO11F9,采用高温固相法制备得到。得到的产品具有颗粒度均匀、化学稳定性好的特点,能够在可见光辐射下降解有机污染物,具有较好的光催化效应,是一种新型的光催化材料;光催化材料的制备方法简单、易操作,有利于工业化生产。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种无机光催化剂材料、制备方法及其应用,特别涉及一种适用于降解有机污染物的氟碲酸铋光催化材料及其制备方法,属于无机光催化材料技术领域。
背景技术
自从1972年日本学者Fujishima 和 Honda发现TiO2可以光降解水以来,光催化剂作为一种可以解决能源危机和环境污染的潜在的关键技术而日益受到人们的关注。在过去20年中,研究者除了对TiO2的改性之外,还致力于研究新型有效的光催化剂,如氧化物、硫化物、氧硫化物、氮化物、氮氧化物等。
在诸多的光催化剂之中,含有Bi的化合物是应用研究的主要种类之一,其中最重要的原因在于,Bi离子含有的d10电子构型,有一个特殊的6s2孤电子对,在晶体场之中该电子对和其它的离子没有键合作用,因此在晶格之中形成一个明显的极化效应,继而形成一个特殊的内电场,这些结构特别有利于光生电子和光生空穴的分离,这些光生电荷游离于光催化剂的表面,很好地参加表面光催化剂的氧化和还原反应。铋基化合物由于其独特的结构和稳定的化学稳定性而逐渐成为人们研究的热点。
铋基氧卤化物具有很好的层状结构和稳定的化学性质,由于铋离子最外层的独对电子对和内部静电场的作用,使得其内部层状结构发生扭曲,能带带隙变窄,从而利于光生电子空穴对的传输和分离,是一种潜在的良好光催化剂。
发明内容
本发明针对现有技术中TiO2类光催化剂存在的不足,提供一种具有更宽的可见光吸收范围和良好的光催化性能,制备方法简单的氟碲酸铋光催化剂及其制备方法,并可应用于降解有机污染物。
为达到以上目的,本发明采用的技术方案是提供一种氟碲酸铋光催化材料,它的化学式为Bi9TeO11F9。
本发明技术方案还包括一种氟碲酸铋光催化材料的制备方法,采用高温固相法,步骤如下:
1.以氧化铋Bi2O3、氟化铋BiF3和氧化碲TeO2为原料,按BiF3:Bi2O3:TeO2=3:3:1的化学计量比,称取各原料,研磨后混合均匀;
2.将步骤1得到的混合物压制成厚度为1~2毫米的薄片,埋入盛有NH4F的坩埚中,加盖后置于马弗炉中煅烧,煅烧温度为900~1100℃,煅烧时间为3~15小时;自然冷却后,研磨并混合均匀,即得到一种氟碲酸铋光催化粉末材料。
步骤2所述的煅烧温度的优选方案为950~1050℃,煅烧时间为5~8小时。
本发明所述的氟碲酸铋光催化材料的应用,将氟碲酸铋光催化材料在可见光辐射下用于降解有机污染物。
有机污染物如罗丹明B,对于120分钟的可见光的照射下,本发明提供的氟碲酸铋光催化材料对罗丹明B的去除率可达69.57%。
与现有技术方案相比,本发明技术方案的优点在于:
1.本发明提供的Bi9TeO11F9光催化剂在很宽的光谱范围内均有吸收,在可见光的照射下,具有良好的光催化活性,可以实现有机染料的光降解;对于120分钟的可见光的照射下,氟碲酸铋光催化材料对罗丹明B的去除率可达69.57%。
2.本发明制备Bi9TeO11F9光催化剂材料的方法简单,工艺设备简单,样品粒径较小且尺寸分布均匀。
3.本发明无废水废气排放,对环境友好,且易于工业化生产。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例1所制得的Bi9TeO11F9样品的X射线粉末衍射图谱;
图2为本发明实施例1所制得的Bi9TeO11F9样品的SEM(扫描电子显微镜)图谱;
图3为本发明实施例1所制得的Bi9TeO11F9样品的紫外-可见吸收光谱;
图4为本发明实施例1所制得的Bi9TeO11F9样品在光照时对有机染料罗丹明B的降解曲线;
图5为本发明实施例1所制得的Bi9TeO11F9样品降解罗丹明B的动力学曲线图。
具体实施方式
实施例1:
制备Bi9TeO11F9
按BiF3:Bi2O3:TeO2=3:3:1的化学计量比,称取氧化铋2.3298克,氟化铋1.3299克,氧化碲是0.266克。以上三种原料研磨,得到的混合物压成厚度为1毫米的薄片,埋入盛有NH4F的坩埚中,加上坩埚盖,放入马弗炉煅烧,煅烧温度为1100℃,煅烧时间为3小时;自然冷却后,研磨并混合均匀,即得到一种氟碲酸铋光催化粉末材料。
参见附图1,它是按本实施例技术方案所制备样品的X射线粉末衍射图谱,XRD测试结果显示,所制备的氟碲酸铋Bi9TeO11F9为单相材料,结晶度较好。
参见附图2,它是按本实施例技术方案所制备样品的SEM(扫描电子显微镜)图谱;从图中可以看出,所得样品颗粒分散均匀,其平均粒径为0.58微米。
参见附图3,它是按本实施例技术方案所制备样品的紫外-可见吸收光谱,从图中可以看出,该样品在350-550纳米波长段具有较强的吸收。
参见附图4,它是按本实施例技术方案所制备样品在不同的可见光照时间下对有机染料罗丹明B的降解曲线。从图中可以看出,该样品光催化降解罗丹明B的降解率120分钟达到69.57%,说明制备出的氟碲酸铋Bi9TeO11F9材料具有光催化活性。
参见附图5,它是按本实施例技术方案所制备样品降解罗丹明B的动力学曲线图,从图中可以看出,该样品光催化降解罗丹明B的表观动力学速率常数为0.00927/分钟。
实施例2:
制备Bi9TeO11F9
按BiF3:Bi2O3:TeO2=3:3:1的化学计量比,称取氧化铋2.3298克,氟化铋1.3299克,氧化碲是0.266克。以上三种原料研磨,得到的混合物压成厚度为2毫米的薄片,埋入盛有NH4F的坩埚中,加上坩埚盖子,放入马弗炉煅烧,煅烧温度为900℃,煅烧时间为5小时;自然冷却后,研磨并混合均匀,即得到一种氟碲酸铋光催化粉末材料。
其主要的结构形貌、吸收光谱、对罗丹明B的降解率和降解罗丹明B的动力学曲线与实施例1相似。
实施例3:
制备Bi9TeO11F9
按照BiF3:Bi2O3:TeO2=3:3:1的化学计量比,称取氧化铋2.3298克;氟化铋1.3299克;氧化碲是0.266克;以上三种原料研磨,得到的混合物压成厚度为1.5毫米的薄片,埋入盛有NH4F的坩埚中,加上坩埚盖子,放入马弗炉煅烧,煅烧温度为950℃,煅烧时间为8小时,自然冷却后,研磨并混合均匀;即得到一种氟碲酸铋光催化粉末材料。
其主要的结构形貌、吸收光谱、对罗丹明B的降解率和降解罗丹明B的动力学曲线与实施例1相似。
实施例4:
制备Bi9TeO11F9
按BiF3:Bi2O3:TeO2=3:3:1的化学计量比,称取氧化铋2.3298克;氟化铋1.3299克;氧化碲0.266克;以上三种原料研磨,得到的混合物压成厚度为2毫米的薄片,埋入盛有NH4F的坩埚中,加上坩埚盖子,放入马弗炉煅烧,煅烧温度为1050℃,煅烧时间为5小时,自然冷却后,研磨并混合均匀;即得到一种氟碲酸铋光催化粉末材料。
其主要的结构形貌、吸收光谱、对罗丹明B的降解率和降解罗丹明B的动力学曲线与实施例1相似。
Claims (5)
1.一种氟碲酸铋光催化材料,其特征在于:它的化学式为Bi9TeO11F9,采用高温固相法制备获得,包括以下步骤:
(1)以氧化铋Bi2O3、氟化铋BiF3和氧化碲TeO2为原料,按BiF3:Bi2O3:TeO2=3:3:1的化学计量比,称取各原料,研磨后混合均匀;
(2)将步骤(1)得到的混合物压制成厚度为1~2毫米的薄片,埋入盛有NH4F的坩埚中,加盖后置于马弗炉中煅烧,煅烧温度为900~1100℃,煅烧时间为3~15小时;自然冷却后,研磨并混合均匀,即得到一种氟碲酸铋光催化粉末材料。
2.一种氟碲酸铋光催化材料的制备方法,所述氟碲酸铋光催化材料的化学式为Bi9TeO11F9,其特征在于采用高温固相法,包括以下步骤:
(1)以氧化铋Bi2O3、氟化铋BiF3和氧化碲TeO2为原料,按BiF3:Bi2O3:TeO2=3:3:1的化学计量比,称取各原料,研磨后混合均匀;
(2)将步骤(1)得到的混合物压制成厚度为1~2毫米的薄片,埋入盛有NH4F的坩埚中,加盖后置于马弗炉中煅烧,煅烧温度为900~1100℃,煅烧时间为3~15小时;自然冷却后,研磨并混合均匀,即得到一种氟碲酸铋光催化粉末材料。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种氟碲酸铋光催化材料的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(2)所述的煅烧温度为950~1050℃,煅烧时间为5~8小时。
4.如权利要求1所述的一种氟碲酸铋光催化材料的应用,其特征在于:将氟碲酸铋光催化材料在可见光辐射下用于降解有机污染物。
5.根据权利要求4所述的一种氟碲酸铋光催化材料的应用,其特征在于:所述的有机污染物为罗丹明B。
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