CN107496437A - 黑果枸杞在制备降尿酸产品中的用途 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明提供了黑果枸杞多糖在制备降尿酸的食品、药品或保健品中的用途。本发明研究发现，使用黑果枸杞多糖能够有效降低血尿酸，同时还能够很好地抑制黄嘌呤氧化酶，为临床预防或/和治疗高尿酸血症提供了新产品。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及黑果枸杞的新用途。
背景技术
痛风(gout)是长期嘌呤代谢障碍、血尿酸增高引起组织损伤的一组异质性疾病。临床特点是高尿酸血症(hyperuricemia，HUA)、痛风性急性关节炎反复发作、痛风石沉积、特征性慢性关节炎和关节畸形，常累及肾脏引起慢性间质性肾炎和肾尿酸结石形成。痛风的生化标志是高尿酸血症，指细胞外液的尿酸盐呈超饱和状态。尿酸盐(monosodium uratecrystal，MSU)在关节及关节周围组织以结晶形式沉积从而引起一系列急性炎症反应，即为痛风。一般认为血尿酸≧416μmol/L为高尿酸血症，而约5％-12％的高尿酸血症患者会发展成为痛风，血尿酸水平持续在540μmol/L者有70％-90％的机会得痛风，所以降低血尿酸是我们预防及治疗痛风的根本解决方法。
据《中国药物应用检测》统计，目前我国高尿酸血症患者人数达1.2亿，而由高尿酸血症演变成痛风的发病比例约为1/10。我国痛风发病人数在2015年已达7500万，且痛风发病率每年还在以7.5％的速度大幅度上升，1/5的痛风病人已丧失生活能力，痛风病人病程超过10年，易引发难以治愈的尿毒症，对病人和家庭带来了沉重的心理压力和经济负担。高尿酸血症及原发性痛风与肥胖症、高脂血症、高血压病、糖尿病、冠心病等疾病呈显著正相关。因此，痛风尤如糖尿病一样，是危害人类健康的一种严重的代谢性疾病。
别嘌醇：是治疗高尿酸血症的首选药物，通过抑制黄嘌呤氧化酶而发挥降低尿酸的作用，但其不良反应较多，皮疹(常为斑丘疹)、皮肤瘙痒或荨麻疹等较常见，发生率3—9％。重症还可能发生其他过敏性反应，如剥脱性和紫癜性病变、多形性红斑等；腹泻、恶心、呕吐、胃痛或阵发性腹痛等，发生率1—3％。重症或持续存在时应作适当的对症处理；手脚麻木感、刺痛或疼痛、乏力等末梢神经炎症状，以及粒细胞缺乏症、贫血、血小板减少、全血细胞减少、骨髓抑制等极少见，发生率＜1％；全身过敏性血管炎，能导致不可逆的肝脏中毒，应及早发现，及时停药。
黑果枸杞(Lyciumruthenicum Murray)为茄科(Solanaceae)枸杞属多年生灌木的低温避光干燥浆果，黑果枸杞味甘、性平、清心热、用于治疗心热病、心脏病、月经不调、停经等病症。目前黑果枸杞作为常见的食用浆果或保健食品被广泛使用，但是，目前还未见将黑果枸杞或其提取物用于降尿酸的研究报道。若黑果枸杞或其提取物能够有效降低尿酸，则将会为高尿酸血症的治疗带来新型的绿色健康产品。
发明内容
基于上述现状，本发明拟提供黑果枸杞多糖在高尿酸方面的医药用途。
具体地，本发明提供了黑果枸杞多糖在制备降尿酸的食品、药品或保健品中的用途。
进一步地，所述食品、药品或保健品是预防或/和治疗高尿酸血症的食品、药品或保健品。
更进一步地，所述食品、药品或保健品是预防或/和治疗高尿酸所致疾病的食品、药品或保健品。
进一步地，所述食品、药品或保健品是抑制黄嘌呤氧化酶的食品、药品或保健品。
更进一步地，所述食品、药品或保健品是预防或/和治疗黄嘌呤氧化酶异常增高所致疾病的食品、药品或保健品。
按照本领域公知常识，植物提取物某有效部位是指该类成分的含量在50％以上，例如多糖部位中多糖的含量应达到50％以上。本发明所述的黑果枸杞多糖中，多糖成分含量也应保持在50％以上。本发明一个具体实施方式中，本发明制备的多糖含量约为65～75％，例如65％、70％、75％等。
其中，所述黑果枸杞多糖是以黑果枸杞为原料，通过水提醇沉法制备得到的。
本发明研究发现，使用黑果枸杞多糖能够有效降低血尿酸，同时还能够很好地抑制黄嘌呤氧化酶，为临床预防或/和治疗高尿酸血症提供了新产品。
基于上述发现，本发明还提供了含有黑果枸杞多糖的产品在制备降尿酸的食品、药品或保健品中的用途。
其中，所述所述食品、药品或保健品是预防或/和治疗高尿酸血症的食品、药品或保健品。
其中，所述食品、药品或保健品是预防或/和治疗黄嘌呤氧化酶异常增高所致疾病的食品、药品或保健品。
上述“产品”中的活性成分至少包括黑果枸杞多糖一种，当然，也可以仅仅只以黑果枸杞多糖为活性成分。另外，该产品中还可以包括相关的辅料或辅助性成分。
该产品是通过胃肠道吸收途径给予的，可以根据实际需求制备不同的制剂类型，如液体形式、固体形式等。基于不同的制剂类型，可以选择不同的辅料。
附图说明
图1血尿酸测定结果，其中，0.1＝低剂量组，0.2＝中剂量组，0.4＝高剂量组，以模型组为参照组做方差分析，P**<0.01为极显著，p*<0.05为显著；以空白组为参照组做方差分析，P##<0.01为极显著，P#<0.05为显著。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明作进一步阐述，但本发明并不局限与以下实施例，所述原材料如无特殊说明均能从公开商业途径获得。
1.样品制备
黑果枸杞多糖粗提物:粉碎后过20目筛网→蒸馏水80℃提取三次→回收滤液→3000r10min离心→上清液→70摄氏度旋转浓缩→加入食用酒精(97％)→取沉淀物→按文献方法除蛋白,纯化→真空干燥24h
经测定，本发明所得的枸杞多糖纯度为70％。
2.试验动物
小鼠:KM种,SPF级18-22g,雄性,出售单位:湖南斯莱克景达实验动物有限公司,质量检测单位:湖南斯莱克景达实验动物有限公司,出售单位许可证号:SCXK(湘)2013-0004,实验单位许可证编号:SYXK(青)2012-0001
3.小鼠高尿酸模型药理研究实验方法
动物分组:分组后适应性饲养一周,共分6组,各组10只,分别为:空白组,模型组,阳性药物组，试验样品的低中高剂量组为3组,总计6组
样品配置:所有样品在试验开始前1h配制，枸杞多糖纯化粗提物用灭菌注射用水配制为2g/100ml,低中高剂量组分别100mg/kg,200mg/kg,400mg/kg即分别灌胃0.125ml,0.25ml,0.5ml。测定前，每日均给药，阳性药物相同。
高尿酸造模剂:氧嗪酸钾,用热灭菌注射用水配置1.5g/100ml并超声10min,灌胃前1h按270mg/kg腹腔注射
阳性药物:别嘌醇片压成粉后,用灭菌注射用水配置0.1g/100ml,使用前超声10min.灌此药10mg/kg,即0.25ml。
观察第七天给药1h后脱臼处死,处死前12h禁食不禁水,挖眼珠取血,解剖后取肝脾肾
血:取血室温放置2h后2000r离心5min后取上清液3000r离心5min取血清
放入-80℃冰箱备用
肝脾肾:解剖,取肝脾肾,用生理盐水快速清洗两遍后,用纱布吸水,称重后放入冷冻管,放入-80℃冰箱备用
4试验结果
4.1血尿酸测定结果
测定结果参见图1.
图1中数据是以10只小鼠足肿胀的用one-way anova进行方差分析。由图可知：以空白组为参照，模型组具有显著性差异，说明造模成功，以模型组为参照，低剂量组没有显著性差异，中高剂量组具有极显著差异，从而确定中剂量组与高剂量组具有很好的降低血尿酸的效果，且由图所知中高剂量组差异不大。
4.2肝脏黄嘌呤氧化酶测定结果
肝脏黄嘌呤氧化酶测定结果
注：以空白组为参照做方差分析，P##<0.01为极显著，P#<0.05为显著；以模型组为参照组做方差分析，P**<0.01为极显著，p*<0.05为显著。
由上表我们可知：以空白组为参照，模型组具有显著性差异，说明造模成功，以模型组为参照，阳性药物组、低中高剂量组都具有显著性差异，说明黑果枸杞多糖对肝脏的黄嘌呤氧化酶具有显著抑制作用。综合血尿酸测定结果及肝脏中黄嘌呤氧化酶的测定结果可知，中剂量组为最佳组，即0.2g/kg的剂量可达到最佳效果。
以上仅是本发明的优选实施方式，应当指出的是，上述优选实施方式不应视为对本发明的限制，本发明的保护范围应当以权利要求所限定的范围为准。对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明的精神和范围内，还可以做出若干改进和润饰，这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。
Claims (10)
1.黑果枸杞多糖在制备降尿酸的食品、药品或保健品中的用途。
2.根据权利要求1所述的用途，其特征在于：所述食品、药品或保健品是预防或/和治疗高尿酸血症的食品、药品或保健品。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的用途，其特征在于：所述食品、药品或保健品是预防或/和治疗高尿酸所致疾病的食品、药品或保健品。
4.根据权利要求1所述的用途，其特征在于：所述食品、药品或保健品是抑制黄嘌呤氧化酶的食品、药品或保健品。
5.根据权利要求4所述的用途，其特征在于：所述食品、药品或保健品是预防或/和治疗黄嘌呤氧化酶异常增高所致疾病的食品、药品或保健品。
6.根据权利要求1～3任意一项所述的用途，其特征在于：所述黑果枸杞多糖中多糖含量在50％以上，进一步选自65～75％。
7.根据权利要求1～3任意一项所述的用途，其特征在于：所述黑果枸杞多糖中多糖是以黑果枸杞为原料，通过水提醇沉法制备得到的。
8.含有黑果枸杞多糖的产品在制备降尿酸的食品、药品或保健品中的用途。
9.根据权利要求8所述的用途，其特征在于：所述所述食品、药品或保健品是预防或/和治疗高尿酸血症的食品、药品或保健品。
10.根据权利要求8所述的用途，其特征在于：所述食品、药品或保健品是预防或/和治疗黄嘌呤氧化酶异常增高所致疾病的食品、药品或保健品。
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