CN107490410A - It is a kind of based on represent vertical line point flow velocity measurement Gao Hong contactless flow measurement method - Google Patents
It is a kind of based on represent vertical line point flow velocity measurement Gao Hong contactless flow measurement method Download PDFInfo
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- CN107490410A CN107490410A CN201710706386.1A CN201710706386A CN107490410A CN 107490410 A CN107490410 A CN 107490410A CN 201710706386 A CN201710706386 A CN 201710706386A CN 107490410 A CN107490410 A CN 107490410A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
- G01F1/00—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow
- G01F1/66—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by measuring frequency, phase shift or propagation time of electromagnetic or other waves, e.g. using ultrasonic flowmeters
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
- G01S13/02—Systems using reflection of radio waves, e.g. primary radar systems; Analogous systems
- G01S13/50—Systems of measurement based on relative movement of target
- G01S13/58—Velocity or trajectory determination systems; Sense-of-movement determination systems
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of based on the contactless flow measurement method for representing vertical line point flow velocity measurement Gao Hong, including following steps：(1) position of one or more vertical line is determined according to cross section of river data, the river surface point flow velocity below testing vertical line is measured using radar current meter；(2) the surface point flow velocity V of a plurality of vertical line is extrapolated by the surface point flow velocity of testing vertical line1~Vp(the surface point flow velocity of common p bars vertical line)；(3) the surface point flow velocity that blocks on a plurality of vertical line is carried out arithmetic average, draws the mean flow rate V of river surfacesur；Further according to hydraulics empirical equation, the mean flow rate of the river surface is multiplied by surface velocity coefficient lambda and can obtain mean velocity in section Vave；(4) the river section area according to corresponding to cross section of river data tries to achieve the setting depth of water, it is multiplied with mean velocity in section draws river discharge value.The present invention can calculate the complicated disastrous environment of artificial and natural river flow, the unattended heavy rain that is particularly suitable for use in, high flood etc. quick, convenient, exactly.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of based on the contactless flow measurement method for representing vertical line point flow velocity measurement Gao Hong, belong to measurement river
Flow flow techniques field.
Background technology
Since the sixties in last century, hydrometric station both domestic and external has started to gradually adopt based on artificial rotating element current meter
" flow velocity-area " method measures river discharge.The advantages of this method is simple, equipment cost is low and the data of measurement accurately may be used
Lean on, therefore this method ends the main method that today is still China river flow measurement.Conventional contact flow measurement method has rotator type stream
Fast instrument hydrometry, float gauging method, ADCP (Doppler radar section plotter) hydrometry etc..
The shortcomings that rotating element current meter hydrometry is can not to be used in there are the disaster environments such as heavy rain, a wide range of flood,
Because in high flow rate flood current, the floating object in water is more, and sediment charge is very big, and flood velocity may exceed
The measurement range of general rotating element current meter, so as to cause the data of current meter cisco unity malfunction or measurement inaccurate.It is floating
The operation principle of mark hydrometry be first using buoy is manually launched at upper river, by the cooperation between testing personnel,
Record buoy floats to the time of downstream measuring points from upper river, and river is tried to achieve in conjunction with the distance and time data of upstream and downstream
Flow velocity.This method needs the cooperation between several staff just to smoothly complete measurement, it is clear that contour there are mountain torrents
In the case of fast current, this method cannot be guaranteed the life security of staff.ADCP hydrometries generally have horizontal ADCP (H-
ADCP) hydrometry, vertical ADCP (V-ADCP) hydrometries and shipping ADCP boat measurement method etc., due to H-ADCP and V-ADCP flow measurements
It is required for sensor to be arranged on below the water surface, it is clear that such working method can make the maintenance of equipment become complicated and uneasy
Entirely, and shipping ADCP boat measurement method during immense floods prevail, it is a variety of it is unstable due to also result in the security of measurement
Reduce.
The content of the invention
In view of the deficienciess of the prior art, measure Gao Hong based on vertical line point flow velocity is represented it is an object of the present invention to provide one kind
Contactless flow measurement method, artificial and natural river flow can be calculated quick, convenient, exactly, be particularly suitable for use in nothing
The complicated disastrous environment such as people's heavy rain on duty, high flood.
To achieve these goals, the present invention is to realize by the following technical solutions：
The present invention's is a kind of based on the contactless flow measurement method for representing vertical line point flow velocity measurement Gao Hong, including following
Step：
(1) position of one or more vertical line is determined according to cross section of river data, measuring testing using radar current meter hangs down
River surface point flow velocity below line；
(2) it is theoretical according to hydrometry perpendicular bisector lateral velocity distribution, do not have to flow back and stagnant water in the section of test
Under the conditions of, the surface velocity size of different vertical lines is directly proportional to the depth of water, and a plurality of hang down is extrapolated by the surface point flow velocity of testing vertical line
The surface velocity V of line1~Vp(the surface point flow velocity of common p bars vertical line)；
(3) the surface point flow velocity that blocks on a plurality of vertical line is carried out arithmetic average, draws the mean flow rate of river surface
Vsur；Further according to hydraulics empirical equation, the mean flow rate of the river surface is multiplied by surface velocity coefficient lambda and can obtain section
Mean flow rate Vave；
(4) river section area A (h), itself and section flat according to corresponding to cross section of river data tries to achieve the setting depth of water
Equal flow velocity VaveIt is multiplied and draws river discharge value Q.
In step (1), the vertical line position of selection is the representative vertical line of the survey station, and the vertical line of selection covers flow velocity point
The turning point of cloth, stream central line will be covered by selecting the perpendicular bisector position of flow measurement.
In step (2), the surface velocity VpSpecific computational methods are as follows：
The river surface point flow velocity measured at stream central line where the radar current meter installation site is Vcen, this point
Elevation is Hcen, then the surface velocity V at pth bar vertical linepCalculation formula is as follows：
Wherein, HpFor the elevation of water surface p points.
In step (3), the river surface mean flow rate VsurSpecific computational methods are as follows：
River surface mean flow rate VsurFor：
Wherein, Vi(i=1,2 ... it is p) the surface point flow velocity of i-th vertical line.
In step (3), the specific computational methods of surface velocity coefficient lambda are as follows：
In formula, C is calculated, formula is as follows to thank to ability coefficient using Manning formula：
In formula, n is section roughness, and R is hydraulic radius；Wherein hydraulic radius is the ratio between flow area and wetted perimeter, by
There is cross section of river data to obtain；
Roughness n reckoning calculates with reference to below equation：
N=(n0+n1+n2+n3+n4)m (8)
In formula, n0Represent the basic roughness of natural straight, smooth, uniform channel；n1It is to consider repairing for water surface effect of irregular
Positive divisor；n2Represent the factor of influence of river cross-section shape and size change；n3Represent the factor that water-blocking material influences；n4Represent to plant
The factor that thing influences；M represents the factor that river course complications situation influences；
η is comprehensive correction factor, 0<η<1, when section has stagnant water and backwater, to be carried out again to above-mentioned result of calculation
Amendment.
The specific computational methods of above-mentioned river section area A (h) are as follows：
Assuming that h is the vertical height of radar and the water surface, sectional area A, sectional area A and height h relational expression (should for A (h)
Relational expression according to Historic Section data fitting draw, A (h) expressions of different river cross-sections also differ, sectional area be on
Height h One- place 2-th Order function, it is prior art, here is omitted).
Above-mentioned river section area A (h) is represented using form or experience curve.
The inventive method uses contactless radar sensor, chooses representative one or more vertical line testing, warp
Correction coefficient amendment obtains the mean flow rate in river section, then obtains the accurate stream in testing river according to " flow velocity-area " method
Amount；Quickly, it is convenient, calculate artificial and natural river flow exactly, the complicated high unmanned value of big vast period of the metering that is particularly suitable for use in
Keep the flow of artificical stream and middle-size and small-size natural river.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is proposed by the present invention based on the technical scheme figure for representing the vertical line point flow velocity measurement high mighty torrent amount in river；
Fig. 2 is that aerial radar current meter represents vertical line point flow velocity schematic diagram in river testing to be measured；
Fig. 3 is cross section of river surface velocity cross direction profiles schematic diagram to be measured；
Fig. 4 is the contactless radar flow measurement method of the present invention and artificial flow measurement measured data comparison diagram；
Fig. 5 is the contactless radar flow measurement method of the present invention and artificial flow measurement measured data relative error figure.
Embodiment
To be easy to understand the technical means, the inventive features, the objects and the advantages of the present invention, with reference to
Embodiment, the present invention is expanded on further.
Emergency repair during embodiments of the invention can be widely applied to daily hydrologic monitoring and immense floods prevail monitors
Deng.Fig. 1 is proposed by the present invention based on the technical scheme figure for representing the vertical line point flow velocity measurement high mighty torrent amount in river, in cross section of river
When all information, it is assumed that h is the vertical height of radar and the water surface, and radar wave measures stream central line (along water (flow) direction in river
The line of each cross section surface Peak Flow Rate point) nearby the water velocity of river surface be Vcen, the mean flow rate in section is Vave,
Sectional area is that A, sectional area A and height h relational expression are A (h), then flow Q is represented by：
Q=A (h) × Vave (1)
Mean flow rate VaveMeet relationship below：
Vave=Vsur×λ (2)
λ is the dimensionless correction coefficient factor, and final flow rate expression is：
Q=A (h) × Vsur×λ (3)
Fig. 2 is that aerial radar current meter represents vertical line point flow velocity schematic diagram in river testing to be measured, by measure one or
River surface point flow velocity below a plurality of vertical line of person, the vertical line position of selection are generally the representative vertical line of the survey station, select
Vertical line preferably cover the turning point of velocity flow profile, in addition, the perpendicular bisector position of selection flow measurement will cover stream central line as far as possible.Fig. 3
For cross section of river surface velocity cross direction profiles schematic diagram to be measured, according to the theory of hydrometry perpendicular bisector lateral velocity distribution,
Section in test do not flow back and stagnant water under conditions of, the depth of water of the surface velocity sizes of different vertical lines substantially with the point
(elevation for being also the point) is directly proportional, and (being substantially near stream central line) measures at the vertical line where radar current meter installation site
River surface point flow velocity be Vcen, the elevation of the point is Hcen, then, the surface velocity calculation formula at pth bar vertical line is as follows：
H in above formulapFor the elevation of water surface p points.The flow velocity for blocking surface point on a plurality of vertical line is carried out arithmetic average, can
Calculate to obtain river surface mean flow rate VsurFor：
Calculated according to hydraulics empirical equation, the average surface velocity of section is multiplied by surface velocity coefficient lambda and can obtain whole break
The mean flow rate in face；And surface velocity coefficient lambda can be calculated with code requirement recommendation with reference to hydrometry formula in theory,
Formula is as follows：
In formula, C can use Manning formula to calculate, formula is as follows to thank to ability coefficient：
In formula, n is section roughness, and R is hydraulic radius.Wherein hydraulic radius is the ratio between flow area and wetted perimeter, and this can
Obtained by existing cross section of river data.And roughness n reckoning can refer to below equation calculating：
N=(n0+n1+n2+n3+n4)m (8)
In formula, n0Represent the basic roughness of natural straight, smooth, uniform channel；n1It is to consider repairing for water surface effect of irregular
Positive divisor；n2Represent the factor of influence of river cross-section shape and size change；n3Represent the factor that water-blocking material influences；n4Represent to plant
The factor that thing influences；M represents the factor that river course complications situation influences.These factors can be obtained by river observational data.
η(0<η<1) it is comprehensive correction factor, so as to when section has the complicated factors such as stagnant water and backwater, to above-mentioned meter
Calculate result and carry out appropriate amendment again.In summary discuss, final mean velocity in section calculation formula can represent as follows：
In conjunction with the cross-sectional area in range survey data, the calculation formula that can extrapolate final flow rate is as follows：
A (h) is river section area in formula, and it is function of the radar to the height value h of the water surface；In general, mistake
Water cross-sectional area A (h) generally uses form or experience curve represent.
Because artificial flow measurement is experienced, the numeric ratio measured is more accurate, in order to verify that this contactless represents vertical line stream
The accuracy of metering method is measured, the representative survey station in Yunnan is have chosen and has carried out contactless radar flow measurement and artificial survey
The contrast test of stream：Straight about 500 meters of river course is test, two sides are farmland, and upstream and downstream is at 30 meters on base nearby without branch afflux
Bend, it is bend at lower 470 meters of base, measuring section is therebetween, and upper and lower bend forms control condition, and measuring section two sides are behaved
Work stone-laying, riverbed are made up of fine sand, and section is in U-typed, and Zhu Hong areas are distributed at 10~28 meters of start point distance.What manual testing used
It is LS25-1 rotary propeller type current meters, it is contactless to represent vertical line flow measurement and use 26GHz high frequency RG30 radar current meters,
In order to avoid the contingency of single test result, this test has been done multigroup test in the different periods, added up up to 62 times.
Fig. 4 is the contactless radar flow measurement method of the present invention and artificial flow measurement measured data comparison diagram.The horizontal stroke of stain in figure
The artificial flow measurement value of coordinate representation, ordinate represent the flow value that contactless radar measures in same time；Red line represents the two
Linear fit curve.Experimental data shows, the contactless radar flow measurement method that the present invention is carried and Traditional Man flow measurement value
Between have good correlation.
Fig. 5 is the contactless radar flow measurement method of the present invention and artificial flow measurement measured data relative error figure.By being united in figure
Count it is visible, there are about 93.5% tested sample data relative error below 8%, there are about 69.4% tested sample number
According to relative error below 5%, show this it is contactless represent vertical line flow metering method have at a relatively high accuracy and
Reliability.
The general principle and principal character and advantages of the present invention of the present invention has been shown and described above.The technology of the industry
Personnel are it should be appreciated that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and the simply explanation described in above-described embodiment and specification is originally
The principle of invention, without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, various changes and modifications of the present invention are possible, these changes
Change and improvement all fall within the protetion scope of the claimed invention.The claimed scope of the invention by appended claims and its
Equivalent thereof.
Claims (7)
- It is 1. a kind of based on the contactless flow measurement method for representing vertical line point flow velocity measurement Gao Hong, it is characterised in that including following several Individual step：(1) position of one or more vertical line is determined according to cross section of river data, is measured using radar current meter under testing vertical line The river surface point flow velocity of side；(2) it is theoretical according to hydrometry perpendicular bisector lateral velocity distribution, there is no the condition to flow back with stagnant water in the section of test Under, the surface point flow velocity size of different vertical lines is directly proportional to the depth of water, and a plurality of vertical line is extrapolated by the surface point flow velocity of testing vertical line Surface point flow velocity V1~Vp；(3) the surface point flow velocity that blocks on a plurality of vertical line is carried out arithmetic average, draws the mean flow rate V of river surfacesur；Again According to hydraulics empirical equation, the mean flow rate of the river surface, which is multiplied by surface velocity coefficient lambda and can obtain section flat, to flow Fast Vave；(4) river section area A (h), itself and section mean flow according to corresponding to cross section of river data tries to achieve the setting depth of water Fast VaveIt is multiplied and draws river discharge value Q.
- It is 2. according to claim 1 based on the contactless flow measurement method for representing vertical line point flow velocity measurement Gao Hong, its feature It is,In step (1), the vertical line position of selection is the representative vertical line of the survey station, and the vertical line of selection covers velocity flow profile Turning point, stream central line will be covered by selecting the perpendicular bisector position of flow measurement.
- It is 3. according to claim 2 based on the contactless flow measurement method for representing vertical line point flow velocity measurement Gao Hong, its feature It is,In step (2), the surface velocity VpSpecific computational methods are as follows：The river surface point flow velocity measured at stream central line where the radar current meter installation site is Vcen, the elevation of the point For HcenIf the river cross-section leftmost side is winning peg position, according to river width, takes point that p start point distance is different and calculate these points Surface point flow velocity, then the surface point flow velocity V at pth bar vertical linepCalculation formula is as follows：<mrow> <msub> <mi>V</mi> <mi>p</mi> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mi>H</mi> <mi>p</mi> </msub> <mo>&CenterDot;</mo> <mfrac> <msub> <mi>V</mi> <mrow> <mi>c</mi> <mi>e</mi> <mi>n</mi> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mi>H</mi> <mrow> <mi>c</mi> <mi>e</mi> <mi>n</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mfrac> <mo>-</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mn>4</mn> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow>Wherein, HpFor the elevation of water surface p points.
- It is 4. according to claim 3 based on the contactless flow measurement method for representing vertical line point flow velocity measurement Gao Hong, its feature It is,In step (3), the river surface mean flow rate VsurSpecific computational methods are as follows：River surface mean flow rate VsurFor：<mrow> <msub> <mi>V</mi> <mrow> <mi>s</mi> <mi>u</mi> <mi>r</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <mi>p</mi> </mfrac> <munderover> <mo>&Sigma;</mo> <mrow> <mi>i</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> <mi>p</mi> </munderover> <msub> <mi>V</mi> <mi>i</mi> </msub> <mo>-</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mn>5</mn> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow>Wherein, ViFor the surface point flow velocity of i-th vertical line, i=1,2 ... p.
- It is 5. according to claim 1 based on the contactless flow measurement method for representing vertical line point flow velocity measurement Gao Hong, its feature It is,In step (3), the specific computational methods of surface velocity coefficient lambda are as follows：<mrow> <mi>&lambda;</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mi>&eta;</mi> <mo>&CenterDot;</mo> <mfrac> <mi>C</mi> <mrow> <mi>C</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mn>6</mn> </mrow> </mfrac> <mo>-</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mn>6</mn> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow>In formula, C is calculated, formula is as follows to thank to ability coefficient using Manning formula：<mrow> <mi>C</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <mi>n</mi> </mfrac> <mo>&times;</mo> <msup> <mi>R</mi> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <mn>6</mn> </mfrac> </msup> <mo>-</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mn>7</mn> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow>In formula, n is section roughness, and R is hydraulic radius；Wherein hydraulic radius is the ratio between flow area and wetted perimeter, by existing river Flow section data obtains；Roughness n reckoning calculates with reference to below equation：N=(n0+n1+n2+n3+n4)m (8)In formula, n0Represent the basic roughness of natural straight, smooth, uniform channel；n1It is the modifying factor for considering water surface effect of irregular Son；n2Represent the factor of influence of river cross-section shape and size change；n3Represent the factor that water-blocking material influences；n4Represent plant shadow The loud factor；M represents the factor that river course complications situation influences；η is comprehensive correction factor, 0<η<1, when section has stagnant water and backwater, to be repaiied again to above-mentioned result of calculation Just.
- It is 6. according to claim 1 based on the contactless flow measurement method for representing vertical line point flow velocity measurement Gao Hong, its feature It is, the specific computational methods of the river section area A (h) are as follows：Assuming that h is the vertical height of radar and the water surface, sectional area A, sectional area A and height h relational expression are A (h).
- It is 7. according to claim 6 based on the contactless flow measurement method for representing vertical line point flow velocity measurement Gao Hong, its feature It is, the river section area A (h) is represented using form or experience curve.
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