CN112378456B - Device and method for real-time online measurement of river channel section area and flow - Google Patents
Device and method for real-time online measurement of river channel section area and flow Download PDFInfo
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- CN112378456B CN112378456B CN202011406069.6A CN202011406069A CN112378456B CN 112378456 B CN112378456 B CN 112378456B CN 202011406069 A CN202011406069 A CN 202011406069A CN 112378456 B CN112378456 B CN 112378456B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01D21/00—Measuring or testing not otherwise provided for
- G01D21/02—Measuring two or more variables by means not covered by a single other subclass
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
- G01C13/00—Surveying specially adapted to open water, e.g. sea, lake, river or canal
Abstract
The invention discloses a device for measuring the cross section area and flow of a river channel on line in real time, which comprises input type ultrasonic flow velocity meters, wherein a sunken river-crossing channel is arranged on a riverbed of the cross section of the river channel, each input type ultrasonic flow velocity meter is distributed along the sunken river-crossing channel, each input type ultrasonic flow velocity meter comprises a shell, and an air chamber, an ultrasonic probe and a water level sensing module which are arranged on the shell, and the ultrasonic probe, the water level sensing module and a gyroscope on a communication cable of each input type ultrasonic flow velocity meter are connected with the sunken river-crossing channel through communication cables. The invention also discloses a method for measuring the cross-section area and the flow of the river channel on line in real time. The speed in the fluid is obtained in real time, surface wave interference is avoided, and the method is not limited by environments such as weather. The suspended installation can not silt up and is not interfered by waterweeds.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of hydrological monitoring equipment, in particular relates to a device for measuring the cross-sectional area and the flow of a river channel on line in real time, and also relates to a method for measuring the cross-sectional area and the flow of the river channel on line in real time.
Background
River course flow data has extremely important effect, relates to each aspect such as flood control safety, hydrology and water conservancy calculation, water resource evaluation, therefore river flow measurement is the important content of hydrology work. The flow velocity of each point on the river cross section is different, and the specific flow velocity distribution condition is called as a flow velocity field by water conservancy experts. The classical technology of river channel flow measurement, also called as flow velocity-area method, is to test the flow velocity distribution of each point of river channel cross section, then draw the linear graphs of flow velocity and the like, and then multiply the area between two adjacent constant velocity points by the average value of the two adjacent constant velocity points and accumulate the values. The method needs to consume a large amount of manpower and material resources to complete the testing task every year. In order to reduce the workload of flow tests, hydrologists have long sought ways to reduce the number of flow tests. The modern river channel flow measurement test method is commonly used in two methods, namely an ultrasonic time difference method and an acoustic Doppler profile current meter for testing, wherein the ultrasonic time difference method can realize on-line flow measurement, the defects are that the measurement data has larger errors after the river channel section area and the river bed area are changed, equipment is easily covered by aquatic weeds and garbage during fixed installation, the equipment is difficult to install and maintain, the second method can measure the river channel section area and the water layer flow rate but cannot realize on-line flow measurement, multiple persons are required to be matched and river-crossing equipment is required to assist in measurement, such as ships, cable ways and the like, and the life safety of measuring personnel can be endangered when the flow rate or the wind wave is large.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a device for measuring the cross-sectional area and the flow of a river channel on line in real time and a method for measuring the cross-sectional area and the flow of the river channel on line in real time aiming at the defects in the prior art.
The above object of the present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions:
the utility model provides a device of real-time on-line measurement river course cross sectional area and flow, including input ultrasonic wave velocity of flow appearance, the sunken river cableway of crossing is arranged on the sectional riverbed in river, each input ultrasonic wave velocity of flow appearance is followed the sunken river cableway and is distributed, input ultrasonic wave velocity of flow appearance includes the casing and sets up the air chamber on the casing, ultrasonic transducer and water level sensing module, input ultrasonic wave velocity of flow appearance and communication cable one-to-one, the gyroscope sets up on the communication cable, each input ultrasonic wave velocity of flow appearance's ultrasonic transducer, the gyroscope on water level sensing module and the communication cable all passes river cableway electric connection through communication cable and sunken bottom.
The submerged river-crossing cable channel comprises a cable coating layer, an iron chain and a river-crossing cable, wherein the iron chain and the river-crossing cable are arranged in the cable coating layer, and the ultrasonic probe, the water level sensing module and the gyroscope are electrically connected with the river-crossing cable through communication cables.
A method for measuring the cross-sectional area and the flow of a river channel in real time on line comprises the following steps:
Step 5, calculating the cross-sectional area of the river above each section of measuring line according to the length of each section of measuring line and the distance between the riverbed at the cable channel node and the water surface;
step 6, calculating the average flow velocity of the river section above each measuring line according to the ultrasonic probe;
and 7, calculating the river channel flow corresponding to the measuring line according to the average flow velocity of the river end surface above the measuring line and the cross section area of the river above the measuring line.
Step 6 as described above comprises the steps of:
step 6.1, the average flow velocity V of the water body suspension position where the input type ultrasonic current meter is located is as follows:
V＝v/a+bln(h1/H)
wherein v is the measured flow velocity of the water body suspension position where the input type ultrasonic current meter is located; a and b are vertical flow velocity distribution coefficients; h is1The height of the throwing-in ultrasonic current meter from the river bottom; h is the distance from the riverbed at the cable channel node corresponding to the input type ultrasonic current meter to the water surface;
6.2, the average flow velocity of the river end surface above the first section of measuring line is the average flow velocity of the water body suspension position where the input type ultrasonic flow velocity meter at the end part of the first section of measuring line is located;
the average flow velocity of the river end surface above the tail section measuring line is the average flow velocity of the water body suspension position where the input type ultrasonic current meter 1 at the end part of the tail section measuring line is located;
the average flow velocity of the river end surface above the middle survey line is the average of the average flow velocity of the water body suspension position where the input type ultrasonic current meters 1 at both ends of the middle survey line are located.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
1. and the flow online measurement is realized, and manual operation is omitted.
2. And the contact measurement is carried out, so that the speed in the fluid is obtained in real time, the surface wave interference is avoided, and the limitation of environments such as weather is avoided.
3. The suspended installation can not silt up and is not interfered by waterweeds.
4. No mechanical structure, no abrasion, and no need of regular calibration.
5. Low cost and convenient maintenance.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a river cross-section layout diagram;
FIG. 2 is a layout diagram of a drop-in ultrasonic current meter;
in the figure: 1-throwing-in type ultrasonic current meter; 101-a gas chamber; 102-an ultrasonic probe; 103-a water level sensing module; 104-a housing; 2-sinking to the bottom to cross a river cableway; 201-iron chain; 202-river crossing cable; 203-cable coating layer; 3-a gyroscope; 4-communication cables.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples for the purpose of facilitating understanding and practice of the invention by those of ordinary skill in the art, and it is to be understood that the present invention has been described in the illustrative embodiments and is not to be construed as limited thereto.
The utility model provides a device of real-time online measurement river course cross sectional area and flow, including input ultrasonic wave velocity of flow appearance 1, 2 arrangement are on the riverbed of river course section are crossed to the sunken river cableway, 2 distributions are crossed to each input ultrasonic wave velocity of flow appearance 1 along the sunken river cableway, input ultrasonic wave velocity of flow appearance 1 includes casing 104 and sets up air chamber 101 on casing 104, ultrasonic probe 102 and water level sensing module 103, input ultrasonic wave velocity of flow appearance 1 and communication cable 4 one-to-one, gyroscope 3 sets up on communication cable 4, each input ultrasonic wave velocity of flow appearance 1's ultrasonic probe 102, gyroscope 3 on water level sensing module 103 and the communication cable 4 all passes river cableway 2 electric connection through communication cable 4 and the sunken bottom.
The sunken river-crossing cable channel 2 comprises a cable coating layer 203, an iron chain 201 and a river-crossing cable 202, wherein the iron chain 201 and the river-crossing cable 202 are arranged in the cable coating layer 203, and the ultrasonic probe 102, the water level sensing module 103 and the gyroscope 3 are electrically connected with the river-crossing cable 202 through a communication cable 4.
As shown in fig. 1-2, a method for real-time online measurement of river cross-sectional area and flow rate includes the following steps:
As shown in fig. 2, the drop-in ultrasonic current meter 1 and the submerged river-crossing cable channel 2 are connected by a communication cable 4 with a fixed length, and the drop-in ultrasonic current meter 1 is suspended in water by the air chamber 101, the horizontal included angle θ of the communication cable 4 is related to the flow velocity, the larger the flow velocity, the smaller the included angle θ, and the specific value of the horizontal included angle θ can be measured by the gyroscope 3. Height h from throwing-in ultrasonic current meter 1 to river bottom1Comprises the following steps:
h1＝l*sinθ (1)
in the formula: l is the length of the communication cable 4 between the input type ultrasonic current meter 1 and the submerged river channel 2.
Distance h between input type ultrasonic current meter 1 and horizontal plane2May be measured directly by the water level sensing module 103.
H＝h1+h2 (2)
step 5, calculating the cross-sectional area of the river above each section of measuring line to be LH according to the length of each section of measuring line and the distance between the riverbed at the cable channel node and the water surface1、LH2…LHn+1；
Under the condition that the distance H from the river bed to the water surface is measured, the cross-sectional area S of the river is as follows:
S＝L(H1+H2…+Hn+Hn+1) (3)
in the formula: l is the length of the measuring line; h1、H2…HnRespectively the distance H from the riverbed where the first cableway node to the nth cableway node are positioned to the water surfacen+1＝Hn。
Step 6, calculating the average flow velocity of the river section above each measuring line according to the ultrasonic probe 102;
the measured flow velocity v of the water body suspension position where the input ultrasonic current meter 1 is located can be directly measured by the ultrasonic probe 102 in the input ultrasonic current meter 1.
As an implementable scheme, the average flow velocity V of the water body suspension position where the input type ultrasonic current meter 1 is located is as follows:
V＝v/a+bln(h1/H) (4)
in the formula: v is the measured flow velocity of the ultrasonic probe 102 at the water body suspension position where the input type ultrasonic current meter 1 is located;
v is the average flow velocity of the water body suspension position where the input type ultrasonic current meter 1 is located;
and a and b are vertical flow velocity distribution coefficients, the flow velocity of each water depth in the same vertical direction of the river is measured, the average flow velocity is obtained, the vertical flow velocity distribution coefficients a and b are obtained by fitting according to a formula 4, and the vertical flow velocity distribution coefficient of the same river is unchanged.
h1Is the height of the input type ultrasonic current meter 1 from the river bottom.
The average flow velocity of the river end surface above the first section of measuring line is the average flow velocity of the water body suspension position where the input type ultrasonic current meter 1 at the end part of the first section of measuring line is located;
the average flow velocity of the river end surface above the tail section measuring line is the average flow velocity of the water body suspension position where the input type ultrasonic current meter 1 at the end part of the tail section measuring line is located;
the average flow velocity of the river end surface above the middle measuring line is the average value of the average flow velocity of the water body suspension position where the input type ultrasonic flow velocity meters 1 at the two ends of the middle measuring line are located;
and 7, calculating the river channel flow corresponding to the measuring line according to the average flow velocity of the river end surface above the measuring line and the cross section area of the river above the measuring line.
Flow Q of river section between ith cableway node and (i + 1) th cableway nodeiComprises the following steps:
in the formula: siThe cross-sectional area of the river between the ith cableway node and the (i + 1) th cableway node is the cross-sectional area of the river above the middle survey line;
Vi、Vi+1the average flow velocity of the water body suspension position where the ith input type ultrasonic current meter 1 and the (i + 1) th input type ultrasonic current meter 1 are respectively located; i ∈ {1, 2 … (n-1) };
the river flow Q is:
Q＝Q0+Q1+…+Qn (6)
Q0＝Q1，Qn＝Qn-1，Q0is the river flow above the first section of the measuring line, Q1～Qn-1Is above the middle survey lineRiver flow, QnThe river flow above the tail section measuring line.
In conclusion, the method can realize real-time measurement of the river flow and the section area, fills the gap of the current hydrologic industry measurement, and has important significance for the modernization process of the hydrologic industry.
It should be noted that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the spirit of the invention. Various modifications or additions may be made to the described embodiments or alternatives may be employed by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit or ambit of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (2)
1. A method for measuring the cross-sectional area and the flow of a river channel in real time on line is utilized, a device for measuring the cross-sectional area and the flow of the river channel in real time on line is utilized, the device comprises input type ultrasonic flow velocity meters (1), a sunken river-crossing cable channel (2) is arranged on a riverbed of the river channel cross section, each input type ultrasonic flow velocity meter (1) is distributed along the sunken river-crossing cable channel (2), each input type ultrasonic flow velocity meter (1) comprises a shell (104), an air chamber (101) arranged on the shell (104), an ultrasonic probe (102) and a water level sensing module (103), the input type ultrasonic flow velocity meters (1) correspond to communication cables (4) one by one, gyroscopes (3) are arranged on the communication cables (4), the ultrasonic probes (102) of each input type ultrasonic flow velocity meter (1), the water level sensing module (103) and the gyroscopes (3) on the communication cables (4) are electrically connected with the sunken river-crossing cable channel (2) through the communication cables (4),
the sinking river-crossing cable channel (2) comprises a cable coating layer (203), an iron chain (201) and a river-crossing cable (202), wherein the iron chain (201) and the river-crossing cable (202) are arranged in the cable coating layer (203), the ultrasonic probe (102), the water level sensing module (103) and the gyroscope (3) are electrically connected with the river-crossing cable (202) through a communication cable (4),
the method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, a connection point of a drop-in type ultrasonic current meter (1) connected with a sunken river-crossing cable channel (2) through a communication cable (4) is a cable channel node, the sunken river-crossing cable channel (2) is divided into a plurality of sections by the cable channel node, each section is a measuring line and is divided into m measuring lines, the number of the cable channel nodes is n, and m = n + 1;
step 2, calculating the height of the throwing type ultrasonic current meter (1) from the river bottom according to the length of the communication cable (4) and the horizontal included angle theta of the communication cable (4) measured by the gyroscope (3)h 1；
Step 3, measuring the distance from the input type ultrasonic current meter (1) to the horizontal plane according to the water level sensing module (103)h 2；
Step 4, calculating the distance H = between the riverbed and the water surface at the cable channel node corresponding to the input type ultrasonic current meter (1) h 1+h 2；
Step 5, calculating the cross-sectional area of the river above each section of measuring line according to the length of each section of measuring line and the distance between the riverbed at the cable channel node and the water surface;
step 6, calculating the average flow velocity of the river section above each measuring line according to the ultrasonic probe (102);
and 7, calculating the river channel flow corresponding to the measuring line according to the average flow velocity of the river end surface above the measuring line and the cross section area of the river above the measuring line.
2. The method for real-time online measurement of river channel cross-sectional area and river channel flow rate according to claim 1, wherein the step 6 comprises the following steps:
step 6.1, average flow velocity of water body suspension position where input type ultrasonic current meter (1) is locatedVComprises the following steps:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,vmeasuring the flow velocity of a water body suspension position where the input type ultrasonic current meter (1) is located; a andball are vertical flow velocity distribution coefficients;h 1the height of the throw-in type ultrasonic current meter (1) from the river bottom; h is the distance from the riverbed at the cable channel node corresponding to the input type ultrasonic current meter (1) to the water surface;
6.2, the average flow velocity of the river end surface above the first section of measuring line is the average flow velocity of the water body suspension position where the input type ultrasonic flow velocity meter (1) at the end part of the first section of measuring line is located;
the average flow velocity of the river end surface above the tail section measuring line is the average flow velocity of the water body suspension position where the input type ultrasonic current meter 1 at the end part of the tail section measuring line is located;
the average flow velocity of the river end surface above the middle survey line is the average of the average flow velocity of the water body suspension position where the input type ultrasonic current meters 1 at both ends of the middle survey line are located.
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| CN114001718A (en) * | 2021-10-12 | 2022-02-01 | 山东华特智慧科技有限公司 | Hydrological monitoring method and system based on intelligent flow measuring robot |
| CN115876170B (en) * | 2023-01-18 | 2023-05-09 | 山西旭睿金盟科技有限公司 | River channel flow area detection device and detection method |
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