CN117367382B - H-ADCP-based online suspended load sediment measurement method - Google Patents
H-ADCP-based online suspended load sediment measurement method Download PDFInfo
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- 239000013049 sediment Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 83
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- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
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- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims description 14
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- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 claims 1
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- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01C13/00—Surveying specially adapted to open water, e.g. sea, lake, river or canal
- G01C13/002—Measuring the movement of open water
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Abstract
The invention discloses an online suspended sediment measurement method based on H-ADCP, which comprises the steps of collecting and arranging traditional manual sand-taking sand-measuring data, collecting and arranging H-ADCP online test echo intensity data, establishing an online suspended sediment equipment measurement model based on the comparison analysis of the manual sand and the H-ADCP actual measured echo intensity, and realizing online monitoring of suspended sediment content by utilizing the established sediment monitoring model. The invention establishes a model based on the echo intensity of the H-ADCP by combining the echo intensity with standard sediment data, thereby realizing the on-line measurement of suspended sediment, having small error and high precision, realizing the synchronous monitoring with the water flow speed, realizing the calculation of sediment flux, improving the monitoring level of suspended sediment and expanding the sediment measuring area. The method has no disturbance to the measuring environment, does not change the flow field structure of the water flow, and realizes the undisturbed monitoring of the water flow.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of hydrologic monitoring, relates to hydrologic measurement technology, and in particular relates to an online suspended solid sediment measurement method based on H-ADCP.
Background
Sediment is an important monitoring element in hydrology, water ecology and soil conservation. The stability of the river levee and the safety of the reservoir siltation dam are related, so that the production and the living of people are related. The sediment automatic on-line test is an urgent problem to be solved in the hydrologic modern production.
Hydrology is the discipline of researching the space-time distribution and change rule of water in nature, and has strong specialization. Sediment is an important hydrologic monitoring element and can reflect the water and soil conservation treatment condition and water quality condition in the river basin. There are various methods for measuring the sediment sand content, and the currently adopted methods mainly include a sampling filtration weighing method, an optical method and an acoustic method. The sampling, filtering and weighing method is time-consuming and labor-consuming, and the spatial-temporal resolution of the measured data is not high; the optical method can obtain continuous sediment concentration data, but has weak adaptability to various water bodies. The acoustic method does not need sampling, the water body is not interfered, the space resolution is high, the section of the sediment can be monitored on line, and the method has a good application prospect. The national ocean bureau ocean technology institute, china academy of sciences east China sea research institute researches on the acoustic suspended sediment on-site calibration method to obtain a practical conclusion of synchronous water sampling calibration. The long-commission hydrologic bureau has conducted a sailing ADCP sand measurement related study, and related experience is accumulated. The H-ADCP is an acoustic Doppler profile flow rate meter, has wide application in online river channel flow measurement, can realize water and sand synchronous monitoring based on an online monitoring system of the suspended sediment content of the H-ADCP, is likely to become main equipment for online testing of suspended sediment in the future, and is an online monitoring development direction of suspended sediment, but no applicable related technology exists at present.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention discloses an on-line suspended sediment measurement method based on H-ADCP, which is used for collecting and arranging traditional manual sand taking and sand measurement data, collecting and arranging H-ADCP on-line test echo intensity data, establishing an on-line suspended sediment equipment measurement model based on the comparison analysis of the manual sand and the H-ADCP measured echo intensity, and realizing on-line monitoring of suspended sediment content by utilizing the established sediment monitoring model.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
an online suspended load sediment measurement method based on H-ADCP comprises the following steps:
step 1, collecting data
Collecting H-ADCP mounting position data and manual sand-taking large-section position data;
step 2, analyzing and determining sediment sampling positions;
step 3, collecting standard sediment data and H-ADCP data
Standard sediment data at the H-ADCP installation position is collected, and H-ADCP actual measurement flow speed, echo intensity data and corresponding time data are obtained;
step 4, establishing an H-ADCP suspended sand measurement model
According to the measured flow velocity and echo intensity data of the H-ADCP, the analysis modeling is carried out by combining standard sediment data, and the method comprises the following substeps:
dividing the collected data into a plurality of flow velocity sections according to the actual measured water flow velocity;
establishing a correlation between the echo intensity data of each micro unit actually measured by the H-ADCP and the standard sediment data in each flow velocity section by the following steps:
;
wherein SSC is suspended mass sand content; e is the echo intensity of the micro unit; k (k) 1 、k 2 Is a fitting factor;
the time for H-ADCP to actually measure the echo intensity data of each micro unit is matched with the time for manual sand measurement;
selecting a model with the best correlation on each flow velocity segment;
step 5, on-line suspended sediment measurement based on H-ADCP suspended sediment measurement model
And obtaining a model of the H-ADCP actually measured flow rate, selecting a flow rate section to which the actually measured flow rate belongs, substituting the echo intensity measured in real time by the H-ADCP into the model, and calculating the suspended sediment content on line in real time.
Further, the step 2 specifically includes the following steps: and carrying out regression modeling according to the installation position of the H-ADCP, the position of the manual sand-taking large section, the historical sediment data and the historical large section data to determine the sediment sampling position.
Further, the echo intensity of each microcell is obtained by: and calculating the average echo intensities of the beam 1 and the beam 2 by adopting a distance weighted average method according to the position relation between the H-ADCP sound beam center and the manual sand detection cross section line.
Further, the average echo intensity is calculated by:
A. when D1, D2< D
;
B. When D < = (D1, D2) <2D
;
C. When D1>2D
;
D. When D2>2D
;
Of the formula (I)ERepresenting the average echo intensity;Dis shown inhThe distance of beam 1 to beam 2 at the location;d 1 is shown inhBeam 1 to sand section line distance at the position;d 2 is shown inhBeam 2 to sand section line distance at the position;B 1 is shown inhEcho intensity of beam 1 at the location;B 2 is shown inhEcho intensity of beam 2 at the location;,Hindicating the H-ADCP effective measurement distance.
Furthermore, the standard sediment data in the step 3 is obtained by adopting a fixed-point sampling and drying analysis method.
Furthermore, the fitting factor is calibrated through regression analysis of the on-site sediment concentration and the echo intensity.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
the invention establishes a model based on the echo intensity of the H-ADCP by combining the echo intensity with standard sediment data, thereby realizing the on-line measurement of suspended sediment, having small error and high precision, realizing the synchronous monitoring with the water flow speed, realizing the calculation of sediment flux, improving the monitoring level of suspended sediment and expanding the sediment measuring area.
According to the invention, the actual measurement of the section sediment content is realized through the scattering intensity of the sound wave, the method is essentially different from the point sediment content measurement of the traditional method, and the measurement precision is improved.
The sediment measuring method provided by the invention has no disturbance to the measuring environment, does not change the structure of the water flow field, and realizes the undisturbed monitoring of the water flow.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of an online suspended load sediment measurement method based on H-ADCP provided by the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an installation measurement of H-ADCP;
FIG. 3 is a graph showing average echo intensity calculation;
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the comparison of the H-ADCP on-line measured suspended sediment content data with the artificial sediment data corresponding to time.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme provided by the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the following specific examples, and it should be understood that the following specific examples are only for illustrating the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
The invention provides an online suspended load sediment measurement method based on H-ADCP, which has a flow shown in figure 1 and comprises the following steps:
step 1, collecting data
Collecting H-ADCP mounting position data and manual sand-taking large-section position data;
and 2, analyzing and determining the sediment sampling position.
And determining the sediment sampling position after regression modeling analysis is carried out according to the H-ADCP installation position, the manual sediment sampling large section position, the historical sediment data and the historical large section data. A schematic diagram of the installation measurement of H-ADCP is shown in fig. 2.
And 3, collecting standard sediment data and H-ADCP data.
Standard silt data at the H-ADCP installation site, typically obtained using a site-specific sampling oven-dry analysis, is collected and consolidated. The acquired H-ADCP data mainly comprise time and space data corresponding to standard sediment data, namely measured flow velocity, echo intensity and corresponding time data of the H-ADCP.
And 4, establishing an H-ADCP suspended sand measurement model.
According to the flow velocity, echo intensity data and standard sediment data which are actually measured on line by the H-ADCP, the method comprises the following substeps:
the collected data is divided into a plurality of segments according to the actual measured water flow speed, such as multi-segment data of 0.05-0.2 m/s, 0.2-0.5 m/s, 0.5-1.0 m/s and the like.
(2) And establishing a correlation between the measured echo intensity value of each micro unit of the H-ADCP and standard sand data in each flow velocity segment. The method comprises the steps that the average echo intensity of a beam 1 (B1) and a beam 2 (B2) is calculated according to the position relation between the center of an H-ADCP sound beam and a cross section line of manual sand measurement by adopting a distance weighted average method; wherein beam 1 and beam 2 refer to the sound wave emitted by the two transducers of the H-ADCP and the scattered back sound wave in the two beam directions.
The method for calculating the average echo intensity is as follows:
A. when D1, D2< D
;
B. When D < = (D1, D2) <2D
;
C. When D1>2D
;
D. When D2>2D
;
Of the formula (I)ERepresenting the average echo intensity;Dis shown inhThe distance of beam 1 to beam 2 at the location;d 1 is shown inhBeam 1 to sand section line distance at the position;d 2 is shown inhBeam 2 to sand measurement at locationThe section line distance;B 1 is shown inhEcho intensity of beam 1 at the location;B 2 is shown inhEcho intensity of beam 2 at the location;,Hindicating the H-ADCP effective measurement distance.
Matching the micro-unit echo intensity data measured by the H-ADCP with the corresponding manual sand measurement time and position, and establishing the correlation between each micro-unit echo intensity value and standard sand data through the following formula:
;
wherein SSC is suspended mass sand content; e is the echo intensity of the micro unit; k (k) 1 、k 2 The fitting factor is calibrated by regression analysis of the field sediment concentration and the echo intensity.
(3) A model with the best correlation (usually the largest correlation coefficient) is selected for each flow velocity segment.
And 5, measuring the suspended sediment on line based on H-ADCP.
According to the measured flow rate of the H-ADCP, a model of a flow rate section to which the measured flow rate belongs is selected, echo intensity measured in real time by the H-ADCP is substituted into the model, and the suspended load sediment content is calculated on line in real time, so that real-time monitoring of the suspended load sediment content is realized.
The above online suspended solid sediment measurement method based on H-ADCP is deployed and implemented at a hydrological station of Zhejiang river, and the actual measurement data are as follows:
TABLE 1H-ADCP silt measurement data comparative analysis Table
Date and time | Artificial sand (kg/m 3) | H-ADCP Sand (kg/m 3) |
2021-08-18 18:00:00 | 0.105 | 0.083 |
2021-08-19 10:30:00 | 0.064 | 0.039 |
2021-08-21 10:00:00 | 0.024 | 0.024 |
2021-08-25 11:00:00 | 0.026 | 0.018 |
2021-08-28 08:30:00 | 0.056 | 0.026 |
2021-08-28 18:30:00 | 0.029 | 0.018 |
2021-09-01 11:30:00 | 0.005 | 0.009 |
2021-09-07 15:30:00 | 0.062 | 0.060 |
2021-09-08 08:30:00 | 0.09 | 0.020 |
2021-09-09 17:30:00 | 0.021 | 0.018 |
2021-09-13 11:00:00 | 0.026 | 0.016 |
2021-09-15 12:30:00 | 0.019 | 0.010 |
2021-09-23 10:50:00 | 0.013 | 0.013 |
2021-09-30 11:30:00 | 0.007 | 0.011 |
2021-10-08 11:30:00 | 0.008 | 0.009 |
2021-10-15 11:30:00 | 0.012 | 0.009 |
2021-10-22 11:00:00 | 0.038 | 0.020 |
2021-10-29 15:30:00 | 0.006 | 0.034 |
2021-11-08 16:00:00 | 0.021 | 0.016 |
2021-11-19 11:00:00 | 0.005 | 0.021 |
2021-11-25 16:00:00 | 0.009 | 0.012 |
2021-12-03 11:00:00 | 0.01 | 0.015 |
2021-12-10 16:30:00 | 0.007 | 0.006 |
2021-12-17 11:00:00 | 0.018 | 0.019 |
2021-12-22 15:00:00 | 0.006 | 0.006 |
2021-12-27 10:30:00 | 0.016 | 0.011 |
As shown in FIG. 4, the H-ADCP on-line actually measured suspended sediment content data and the artificial sediment data corresponding to the time are compared and analyzed, and the maximum error is only 0.03kg/m 3 It is sufficient to make the process of the invention practical.
It should be noted that the foregoing merely illustrates the technical idea of the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and that a person skilled in the art may make several improvements and modifications without departing from the principles of the present invention, which fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. An online suspended load sediment measurement method based on H-ADCP is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, collecting data
Collecting H-ADCP mounting position data and manual sand-taking large-section position data;
step 2, analyzing and determining sediment sampling positions;
step 3, collecting standard sediment data and H-ADCP data
Standard sediment data at the H-ADCP installation position is collected, and H-ADCP actual measurement flow speed, echo intensity data and corresponding time data are obtained;
step 4, establishing an H-ADCP suspended sand measurement model
According to the measured flow velocity and echo intensity data of the H-ADCP, the analysis modeling is carried out by combining standard sediment data, and the method comprises the following substeps:
dividing the collected data into a plurality of flow velocity sections according to the actual measured water flow velocity;
establishing a correlation between the echo intensity data of each micro unit actually measured by the H-ADCP and the standard sediment data in each flow velocity section by the following steps:
;
wherein SSC is suspended mass sand content; e is a micro-cell loopWave intensity; k (k) 1 、k 2 Is a fitting factor;
the time for H-ADCP to actually measure the echo intensity data of each micro unit is matched with the time for manual sand measurement;
selecting a model with the best correlation on each flow velocity segment;
step 5, on-line suspended sediment measurement based on H-ADCP suspended sediment measurement model
And obtaining a model of the H-ADCP actually measured flow rate, selecting a flow rate section to which the actually measured flow rate belongs, substituting the echo intensity measured in real time by the H-ADCP into the model, and calculating the suspended sediment content on line in real time.
2. The H-ADCP-based on-line suspended sediment measurement method according to claim 1, wherein the step 2 specifically comprises the following steps: and carrying out regression modeling according to the installation position of the H-ADCP, the position of the manual sand-taking large section, the historical sediment data and the historical large section data to determine the sediment sampling position.
3. The H-ADCP-based on-line suspended sediment measurement method according to claim 1, wherein the echo intensity of each micro-cell is obtained by: and calculating the average echo intensities of the beam 1 and the beam 2 by adopting a distance weighted average method according to the position relation between the H-ADCP sound beam center and the manual sand detection cross section line.
4. An H-ADCP based on-line suspended sediment measurement method according to claim 3, characterized in that the average echo intensity is calculated by:
A. when D1, D2< D
;
B. When D < = (D1, D2) <2D
;
C. When D1>2D
;
D. When D2>2D
;
Of the formula (I)ERepresenting the average echo intensity;Dis shown inhThe distance of beam 1 to beam 2 at the location;d 1 is shown inhBeam 1 to sand section line distance at the position;d 2 is shown inhBeam 2 to sand section line distance at the position;B 1 is shown inhEcho intensity of beam 1 at the location;B 2 is shown inhEcho intensity of beam 2 at the location;,Hindicating the H-ADCP effective measurement distance.
5. The H-ADCP-based on-line suspended sediment measurement method according to claim 1, wherein the standard sediment data in the step 3 is obtained by a fixed-point sampling and drying analysis method.
6. The H-ADCP-based on-line suspended sediment measurement method according to claim 1, wherein the fitting factor is calibrated by regression analysis of in-situ sediment concentration and echo intensity.
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