CN117968779B - On-line hydrodynamic section flow calculation method based on HADCP initial field fitting - Google Patents
On-line hydrodynamic section flow calculation method based on HADCP initial field fitting Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a hydrodynamic section flow online calculation method based on HADCP initial field fitting, and belongs to the technical field of hydrologic tests. The method comprises the following steps: preprocessing the river cross section topography and accessing real-time water level data; HADCP partial flow field generation; generating a section flow velocity initial field; iterative calculation of the section flow velocity field by hydrodynamics; and calculating the section flow. The invention provides a hydrodynamic section flow calculation method based on HADCP part of unit flow velocity, which has physical significance, and improves the efficiency and the accuracy of flow calculation by combining a logarithmic distribution function and a hydrodynamic equation. According to the invention, based on a perpendicular flow velocity logarithmic distribution function, a full-section flow velocity initial field is reversely interpolated according to HADCP small quantity of actual measurement points, dynamic calculation grid division is realized according to water level and topography data, section flow is calculated by combining a section flow velocity hydrodynamic model technology, and online full-section flow calculation can be realized by means of HADCP small quantity of observation data.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of hydrologic tests, relates to a river section flow calculation technology, and in particular relates to a hydrodynamic section flow on-line calculation method based on HADCP initial field fitting.
Background
Flow is a central monitoring element in hydrologic tests. Flow monitoring is transitioning to automatic on-line monitoring by conventional cableway plumb line flow meters. A more widely used device in the field of automatic monitoring is the acoustic doppler flow profiler (ADCP). Many hydrologic stations are equipped with ADCP equipment, with both walkthrough and fixed point online observation. Because the flow calculation of the navigable ADCP cannot be realized on-line in real time for a long period of time, the fixed-point ADCP, in particular the horizontal acoustic doppler flow profiler (HADCP), is widely applied. The main flow measurement method based on the fixed-point ADCP is an index flow velocity method, namely, the point flow velocity or the combination thereof measured by HADCP is related to the measured section average flow velocity, and the section flow is calculated by combining the river cross section area. The statistical-based relation line fitting method has the advantages of large workload and self statistical defects: if the curve can not pass three tests, the curve extends to two ends to be uncertain, and the monitoring precision of small flow and exceeding flood flow is not enough.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a hydrodynamic section flow online calculation method based on HADCP initial field fitting, provides a section initial flow velocity field fitting according to a HADCP monitoring unit flow velocity based on the advantages of a water flow mechanism and HADCP long-term real-time online monitoring, and realizes error iterative control by applying a hydrodynamic theory method to online calculate section flow.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the hydrodynamic section flow online calculation method based on HADCP initial field fitting comprises the following steps:
Step 1, river cross section topography preprocessing and real-time water level data access
According to the cross section topography, a sigma coordinate system is introduced to divide the calculation grid, and the sigma coordinate system is defined as follows:
；
Wherein Z is the elevation of grid points, eta is the elevation of river bottom, and D is the depth of water;
dividing a section into a plurality of vertical lines and layers according to the water surface width, the topography and the position of HADCP, dividing each vertical line of HADCP into grids according to the layer and the unit resolution, and expanding the rest grid division into two banks according to the vertical lines until the water bank line;
Step 2, HADCP partial flow field Generation
According to the assumption of the logarithmic distribution rule of the vertical line, the speed of any point of the vertical line is calculated by the following formula:
；
；
In the method, in the process of the invention, For friction speed,/>Is the depth of water,/>Is Manning roughness coefficient,/>Is Kalman constant,/>U is HADCP measured flow rate of each unit;
back calculation is carried out according to the measured flow velocity u of each unit, the elevation of the unit and the river course roughness value of HADCP Further calculating the flow rate of each grid according to the depth value of each grid, wherein the grid depth is calculated according to the number of layers divided by the vertical lines;
Step 3, generating a section flow velocity initial field
Calculating the average flow velocity of the vertical lines of each unit according to the grid flow velocity of the part at HADCP in the step 2, interpolating the average flow velocity of each vertical line on two sides which are not in the HADCP vertical line observation range according to the logarithmic rule, and back calculatingCalculating the speed value of each grid by combining the grid depth;
step 4, hydrodynamics iteration calculation section flow velocity field
The three-dimensional flow velocity hydrodynamic equation along the water flow direction based on the sigma coordinate system is as follows:
；
；
Wherein t is time, u, v and w are flow velocity in water flow direction x, section horizontal direction y and vertical direction sigma respectively, D is water depth, Gravitational acceleration, I is the ratio drop, A H、AV is the horizontal and vertical vortex viscosity, respectively,/>Representing the water depth;
Introducing the remainder Ea to replace neglected advection and diffusion terms, and simplifying a three-dimensional hydrodynamic equation into a section calculation form:
；
Calculating a partial differential equation according to the initial field in the step 3 by using a finite difference method:
；
wherein:
；
；
To calculate the flow rate of the grid,/> Is the horizontal vortex viscosity at grid (i, j);
Remainder of the items Calculated from HADCP measured cell flow rates, and assuming that the grid point residuals on the vertical lines are consistent, the vertical line residuals outside the HADCP cell vertical line range are calculated by polynomial fitting:
；
，，/>，/> For the friction speed at i,/> For depth at i,/>For the resolution of the grid from the starting point to the direction,/>Parameters describing the effect of turbulence anisotropy;
Iterative solution of partial differential equation and cyclic calculation 、/>Calculating the flow velocity value of each grid point until convergence;
Step 5, calculating the section flow
The section flow is calculated by adopting a vertical line flow velocity integration method.
Step 1 provides grid foundation and initial water level data for section flow calculation for section flow velocity initial field generation and subsequent calculation steps, and step 1 and step 3 provide calculation initial conditions and boundary conditions for hydraulic error iterative calculation.
Further, in the step 2, the depth value of the grid is calculated according to the number of layers divided by the vertical lines.
Further, the step 5 specifically includes the following steps:
And (3) according to the grid flow rates calculated in the step (4) and the vertical line division in the step (1), carrying out vertical line integration according to the product of the vertical line average flow rate and the vertical line representative area, and calculating the final section flow.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
The invention provides a hydrodynamic section flow calculation method based on HADCP part of unit flow velocity, which has physical significance, and improves the efficiency and the accuracy of flow calculation by combining a logarithmic distribution function and a hydrodynamic equation. According to the invention, based on a perpendicular flow velocity logarithmic distribution function, a full-section flow velocity initial field is reversely interpolated according to HADCP small number of actual measuring points, dynamic calculation grid division is realized according to water level and topography data, and section flow is calculated by combining a section flow velocity hydrodynamic model technology.
The invention can realize online full-section flow calculation by means of HADCP small amount of observation data, is suitable for measuring flow of medium and small rivers, is convenient to implement, improves the calculation precision of hydrological test flow, and overcomes the defects of large workload of statistical calibration analysis of index flow velocity and the like, and unreliable low-water and high-water flow measurement precision.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a hydrodynamic section flow on-line calculation method based on HADCP initial field fitting.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the conversion of a calculated physical coordinate system to a calculated sigma coordinate system.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of HADCP measurement unit flow rates.
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a section calculation unit.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme provided by the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the following specific examples, and it should be understood that the following specific examples are only for illustrating the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
The flow of the hydrodynamic section flow on-line calculation method based on HADCP initial field fitting, which is provided by the invention, is shown in a figure 1, and comprises the following steps:
Step 1, river cross section topography preprocessing and real-time water level data access
According to the cross-sectional topography, as shown in fig. 2, a sigma coordinate system is introduced to divide the computational grid, the sigma coordinate system being defined as follows:
Wherein Z is the elevation of grid points, eta is the elevation of river bottom, and D is the depth of water.
Dividing the section into a plurality of vertical lines S i and layers according to the water surface width, the topography and the position HADCP, dividing the vertical lines HADCP into grids according to the layers and unit resolution (as shown in figure 3), and expanding the rest grid division into two banks according to the vertical lines until reaching the water bank line.
Step 2, HADCP partial flow field Generation
According to the assumption of the logarithmic distribution rule of the vertical line, the speed of any point of the vertical line can be calculated by the following formula:
；
Wherein Z is the elevation of grid points, eta is the elevation of river bottom, and D is the depth of water.
Dividing the section into a plurality of vertical lines S i and layers according to the water surface width, the topography and the position HADCP, dividing the vertical lines HADCP into grids according to the layers and unit resolution (as shown in figure 3), and expanding the rest grid division into two banks according to the vertical lines until reaching the water bank line.
Step 2, HADCP partial flow field Generation
According to the assumption of the logarithmic distribution rule of the vertical line, the speed of any point of the vertical line can be calculated by the following formula:
；
；
In the method, in the process of the invention, For friction speed,/>Is the depth of water,/>Is Manning roughness coefficient,/>The value of Kalman constant is 0.40,/>Is an integral constant.
Back calculation is carried out according to the measured flow velocity u of each unit, the elevation of the unit and the river course roughness value of HADCPAnd then the flow velocity of each grid can be calculated according to the depth value of each grid and substituting the depth value into the grid, wherein the grid depth is calculated according to the number of layers divided by the vertical lines.
Step 3, generating a section flow velocity initial field
Calculating the average flow velocity of the perpendicular lines of each unit according to the grid point flow velocity of the part at HADCP in the step 2, interpolating the average flow velocity of each perpendicular line on two sides which are not in the HADCP perpendicular line observation range according to the logarithmic rule, and back calculatingThe velocity values of the individual meshes are calculated in combination with the mesh depth.
Step 4, hydrodynamics iteration calculation section flow velocity field
Basic principle: the three-dimensional flow velocity hydrodynamic equation along the water flow direction based on the sigma coordinate system is as follows:
；
；
Wherein t is time, u, v, w are x (water flow direction), y (cross section horizontal direction), flow velocity in sigma vertical direction, D is water depth, Gravitational acceleration, I is the ratio drop, A H、AV is the horizontal and vertical vortex viscosity, respectively,/>Indicating the water depth.
Introducing the remainder Ea to replace the ignored advection and diffusion terms, the three-dimensional hydrodynamic equation can be simplified into a section calculation form:
；
Calculating a partial differential equation according to the initial field in the step 3 by using a finite difference method:
；
wherein:
；
；
wherein, To calculate the flow rate of the grid,/>Is the horizontal vortex viscosity at grid (i, j).
Remainder of the itemsCalculated from HADCP measured cell flow rates, and assuming that the grid point residuals on the vertical lines are consistent, the vertical line residuals outside the HADCP cell vertical line range are calculated by polynomial fitting:
；
，，/>，/> For the friction speed at i,/> For depth at i,/>For the resolution of the grid from the starting point to the direction,/>To describe the parameters of the turbulence anisotropy effect, values of 1 to 10 are generally taken.
Iterative solution of partial differential equation and cyclic calculation、/>The flow velocity values of the grid points are calculated until convergence.
Step 5, calculating the section flow
The section flow is calculated by a vertical line flow rate integration method, that is, as shown in fig. 4, according to the grid flow rates calculated in the step 4 and the vertical line division in the step 1, each vertical line integration is performed according to the product of the vertical line average flow rate and the vertical line representative area, and the final section flow is calculated.
It should be noted that the foregoing merely illustrates the technical idea of the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and that a person skilled in the art may make several improvements and modifications without departing from the principles of the present invention, which fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. The hydrodynamic section flow online calculation method based on HADCP initial field fitting is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
Step 1, river cross section topography preprocessing and real-time water level data access
According to the cross section topography, a sigma coordinate system is introduced to divide the calculation grid, and the sigma coordinate system is defined as follows:
；
Wherein Z is the elevation of grid points, eta is the elevation of river bottom, and D is the depth of water;
dividing a section into a plurality of vertical lines and layers according to the water surface width, the topography and the position of HADCP, dividing each vertical line of HADCP into grids according to the layer and the unit resolution, and expanding the rest grid division into two banks according to the vertical lines until the water bank line;
Step 2, HADCP partial flow field Generation
According to the assumption of the logarithmic distribution rule of the vertical line, the speed of any point of the vertical line is calculated by the following formula:
；
；
In the method, in the process of the invention, For friction speed,/>Is the depth of water,/>Is Manning roughness coefficient,/>Is Kalman constant,/>U is HADCP measured flow rate of each unit;
back calculation is carried out according to the measured flow velocity u of each unit, the elevation of the unit and the river course roughness value of HADCP Further calculating the flow rate of each grid according to the depth value of each grid, wherein the grid depth is calculated according to the number of layers divided by the vertical lines;
Step 3, generating a section flow velocity initial field
Calculating the average flow velocity of the vertical lines of each unit according to the grid flow velocity of the part at HADCP in the step 2, interpolating the average flow velocity of each vertical line on two sides which are not in the HADCP vertical line observation range according to the logarithmic rule, and back calculatingCalculating the speed value of each grid by combining the grid depth;
step 4, hydrodynamics iteration calculation section flow velocity field
The three-dimensional flow velocity hydrodynamic equation along the water flow direction based on the sigma coordinate system is as follows:
；
；
Wherein t is time, u, v and w are flow velocity in water flow direction x, section horizontal direction y and vertical direction sigma respectively, D is water depth, Gravitational acceleration, I is the ratio drop, A H、AV is the horizontal and vertical vortex viscosity, respectively,/>Representing the water depth;
Introducing the remainder Ea to replace neglected advection and diffusion terms, and simplifying a three-dimensional hydrodynamic equation into a section calculation form:
；
Calculating a partial differential equation according to the initial field in the step 3 by using a finite difference method:
；
wherein:
；
；
To calculate the flow rate of the grid,/> Is the horizontal vortex viscosity at grid (i, j);
Remainder of the items Calculated from HADCP measured cell flow rates, and assuming that the grid point residuals on the vertical lines are consistent, the vertical line residuals outside the HADCP cell vertical line range are calculated by polynomial fitting:
；
，，/>，/> For the friction speed at i,/> For depth at i,/>For the resolution of the grid from the starting point to the direction,/>Parameters describing the effect of turbulence anisotropy;
Iterative solution of partial differential equation and cyclic calculation 、/>Calculating the flow velocity value of each grid point until convergence;
Step 5, calculating the section flow
The section flow is calculated by adopting a vertical line flow velocity integration method.
2. The method for online calculation of hydrodynamic section flow based on HADCP initial field fitting according to claim 1, wherein in the step 2, the depth value of the grid is calculated according to the number of vertical division layers.
3. The method for online calculation of hydrodynamic profile flow based on HADCP initial field fitting according to claim 1, wherein the step 5 specifically includes the following steps:
And (3) according to the grid flow rates calculated in the step (4) and the vertical line division in the step (1), carrying out vertical line integration according to the product of the vertical line average flow rate and the vertical line representative area, and calculating the final section flow.
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| CN110702079A (en) * | 2019-10-12 | 2020-01-17 | 中国水利水电科学研究院 | Deduction method of flow velocity distribution under ice cover |
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