CN108534845A - Open channel flow rate measurement device and assay method - Google Patents
Open channel flow rate measurement device and assay method Download PDFInfo
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- CN108534845A CN108534845A CN201810202814.1A CN201810202814A CN108534845A CN 108534845 A CN108534845 A CN 108534845A CN 201810202814 A CN201810202814 A CN 201810202814A CN 108534845 A CN108534845 A CN 108534845A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
- G01F1/00—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow
- G01F1/002—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow wherein the flow is in an open channel
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
- G01F1/00—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow
- G01F1/05—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using mechanical effects
- G01F1/52—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using mechanical effects by measuring the height of the fluid level due to the lifting power of the fluid flow
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Abstract
The present invention provides device used in a kind of open channel uniform flow flow determining method and the assay method, this method is different from the physical installation mode of device when existing hydrodynamics method, can be used fixedly mounted, is not contacted with water；The real time measure flow participates in without artificial, can resist hazard weather；Measurement result period, hydrodynamics method method are also different from existing hydrodynamics method, and calculating process introduces hydrodynamic characteristics, improves accuracy and the precision of result of calculation.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to water wave water resource monitoring technical fields, and in particular to a kind of open channel flow rate assay method.
Background technology
The most basic computational methods of flow are that mean flow rate is multiplied by sectional area, then because each point flow velocity is different on section,
So a flow velocity reference point must be measured at least, and the flow speed characteristic in section is calculated according to ad hoc rules, and then calculate
Flow.
The method of traditional measurement uniform fluid flow stream flow has experience computing method of formula, suspended body flowmeter calculating method and boating type
Flowmeter algorithm.
Using empirical equation approximate calculation：Q=AR is calculated by Manning formula and Chezy formula2/3J1/2/ n, wherein A were water
Sectional area, R are hydraulic radius, and J is hydraulic gradient, and n is roughness.Water surface depth is obtained using water depth sensor when measurement, according to
Channel characteristic calculated water sectional area and hydraulic radius, and then derived section flow.
It is calculated using suspended body flowmeter：Suspended body flowmeter ontology by a conical pipe and one be placed in conical pipe can more than
Under free-moving float (or rotor) constitute.Suspended body flowmeter ontology two end flanges, screw thread or hose and measurement pipeline
Connection, and be vertically mounted on and measure on pipeline.When fluid flows into Taper Pipe from bottom to top, shut off by float, it is upper and lower in float
Pressure difference is generated between trip, float rises under the action of pressure difference, acts at this time there are three the power on float：Fluid matasomatism
The gravity of dynamic pressure, float on float buoyancy in a fluid, float.When Taper Pipe right angle setting, float center of gravity and cone
Pipe pipe axis coincides, and acts on three on float power and all falls on pipe axis.When these dynamic balances, float just smoothly floats on
In Taper Pipe on a certain position.For given suspended body flowmeter, float size and shape oneself through determination, therefore it is in a fluid
Buoyancy and its own gravity are all known, are constants, have fluid only and change with incoming size to the dynamic pressure of float.Cause
, when incoming becomes larger or becomes small, float will make movement upward or downward on its equilbrium position, when incoming is again constant for this
When, float is just stablized on new position.For a given suspended body flowmeter, position and fluid stream of the float in Taper Pipe
The size of flow through Taper Pipe is at one-to-one relationship.Here it is the measuring principles of suspended body flowmeter.
Boating type flow rate calculation：English name Acoustic Doppler Current Profilers (abbreviation ADCP) i.e. sound
Learn Doppler's flow velocity section plotter.It is the current river flow flow state-of-the-art in the world using acoustic Doppler principle development
Real-time measurement equipment.ADCP test devices actually include：ADCP energy converters (4 probes), ADCP operating softwares, external equipment
3 major part compositions such as (GPS navigation, GPS compass).Using Principles of Acoustics, ADCP emits (a pair or one to water body
Group) ping, these pings generate back wave after encountering particles suspend in water body and with water sports, and record transmitting
Frequency shift between wave and back wave, this frequency shift claim Doppler frequency shift, can calculate flow phase by frequency shift amount accordingly
For the speed of ADCP.Meanwhile ADCP also tracks ping to river bed transmitting bottom, measures the movement of ADCP mounting platforms (surveying ship)
Then flow relative velocity deduction ship's speed is obtained the absolute velocity of flow coordinate relative to the earth by speed and the depth of water.Flow is exhausted
The flow of each fritter section can be directly calculated with every group of DATA REASONING time interval to speed, the travel speed of canoe, the depth of water；
After canoe is across entire section, total flow can be obtained by the way that piecemeal light section flow one by one is cumulative.
Currently, use experience formula or suspended body flowmeter estimation algorithm, sensing equipment contacts for a long time with water, be easy to cause
Corrosion and physical damage, and computational accuracy is not high.Using boating type method, high certainty of measurement, but it can not obtain and cut in real time
Surface current amount；Due to situations such as needing personnel to participate in, encountering flood, it is not suitable for operation, data on flows can not be obtained.
Invention content
To overcome the problems, such as that various measurement methods exist in the prior art, the present invention provides a kind of open channel uniform flow flow survey
Determine device used in method and the assay method, this method is different from the physical installation of device when existing hydrodynamics method
Mode, can be used fixedly mounted, not contacted with water；The real time measure flow participates in without artificial, can resist hazard weather；It surveys
Amount result period, hydrodynamics method method are also different from existing hydrodynamics method, and calculating process introduces fluid dynamics
Characteristic improves accuracy and the precision of result of calculation.
Based on this, the present invention provides a kind of open channel uniform flow flow rate-measuring device comprising：GPRS communication equipments, water level
Sensor, flow sensor, computing device and solar panel；
The water level sensor is based on ultrasonic technology and measures water surface depth；
The flow sensor is based on Doppler technology and measures water surface flow velocity；
The computing device collects the water surface depth that water level sensor and flow sensor are transmitted to and water surface flow velocity is surveyed
Amount is as a result, be based on principle of hydrodynamics, using finite element method, using channel characteristic, water surface flow velocity and water surface depth as side
Boundary's condition calculates canal capacity；
The GPRS communication equipments are real-time transmitted to backstage, the GPRS based on the result of calculation that computing device is transmitted to
Communication equipment is powered by solar panel.
Wherein, the algorithm of the computing device calculating canal capacity includes：
The cartesian coordinate system in river, is mapped under (s, n, σ) coordinate system that (s is river centerline direction by the first step；n
For the horizontal normal direction of river center line；σ is vertical flexible coordinate, is 0 in river surface value, and riverbed value is -1, specific mapping rule
It is then σ=(z-H)/(H-z0), wherein z0For bed elevation, H is the depth of water), it is cuboid, water level and stream to calculate network element lattice
Fast node uses interlaced arrangement, wherein (u, v, ω) is the flow velocity in corresponding direction (s, n, σ)；
Second step, based on Static pressure hypothises and Bossinesq it is assumed that the governing equation that can obtain river is：
Wherein t is the time；The discharge areas R=/wetted perimeter are hydraulic radius；G is acceleration of gravity；H=H-z0For the depth of water；
(u, v, ω) is the flow velocity on corresponding (s, n, σ) coordinate direction；(εs, εn, εσ) it is the turbulent fluctuation corresponded on (s, n, σ) coordinate direction
The coefficient of viscosity；
Third walk, to governing equation 1.~3., integrated, obtained from riverbed to the water surface：
WhereinIndicate the mean flow rate in the direction (s, n)；(τ0s, τ0n) be the direction (s, n) bottom
Shearing stress；ρ is water density；Wherein α, β are experiential modification coefficient,(nmFor Manning roughness coefficient) it is riverbed drag velocity；
DefinitionCalculate separately 1. -4., 2. -5., 3. -6. obtain：
9. 4th step integrates equation since riverbed (σ=- 1) and obtains
According to value, cartesian coordinate system can be converted back from (s, n, σ) coordinate system, and it is vertical further to calculate river
Flow velocity：
5th step, in cartesian coordinate system, to w, flow section does two-dimensional integration along the river, can obtain section flow：
(A characterizes river section).
Wherein, the boundary condition for solving 4.~equation group 6. is：
(1) non-boundary node, each variate-value are initially 0.
(2) the flow water level on upstream and downstream boundary is determined according to measured value.
(3) both sides bulkhead wall,
(4) bottom shearing stressWherein C=h1/6/nm(nmFor manning roughness system
Number) it is to thank to ability coefficient, take empirical value；(u1, v1) be the flow speed value from the first node layer vertically upward since bed surface, the value by
7.~9. offer is provided.
Wherein, the boundary condition for solving 7.~equation group 9. is：
(1) u/u at upstream boundarym=(z/h)1/7, umFor water surface flow velocity, remaining non-boundary node variable is initially 0.
(2) river surface does not consider the shearing stress of wind：
(3) assume without sliding in riverbed：ω=0 u=v=.
(4) both sides bulkhead wall：
(5) it takesWhereinFor vertical line turbulent fluctuation mixing length.When calculating,
U, v take the approximation of last moment.
Beneficial technique effect
Compared with prior art, the present invention has following advantage：
1, using floated installation, corrosion and the physical damage of river water are avoided.
2, principle of hydrodynamics is introduced, is calculated using finite element method, computational accuracy is improved.
3, continuous mode need not be participated in manually, the danger for avoiding hazard weather from being brought to staff.
4, measurement period is short, the influence for greatly avoiding channel flow velocity, water level real-time change from bringing.
Section flow is obtained in real time, is beneficial to the assessment to water regime..
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 open channel uniform flow flow rate-measuring device schematic diagrames.
The cartesian coordinate system schematic diagram in the river of Fig. 2 open channel uniform flow flow determining methods；
The calculating flow and measured discharge that Fig. 3 is obtained using inventive flow measurement device and assay method compare.
Specific implementation mode
The present invention provides a kind of open channel uniform flow flow rate-measuring device comprising：GPRS communication equipments, water level sensor,
Flow sensor, computing device and solar panel；
The water level sensor is based on ultrasonic technology and measures water surface depth；
The flow sensor is based on Doppler technology and measures water surface flow velocity；
The computing device collects the water surface depth that water level sensor and flow sensor are transmitted to and water surface flow velocity is surveyed
Amount is as a result, be based on principle of hydrodynamics, using finite element method, using channel characteristic, water surface flow velocity and water surface depth as side
Boundary's condition calculates canal capacity；
The GPRS communication equipments are real-time transmitted to backstage, the GPRS based on the result of calculation that computing device is transmitted to
Communication equipment is powered by solar panel.
The algorithm that the computing device calculates canal capacity is as follows：
The cartesian coordinate system in river, is mapped under (s, n, σ) coordinate system that (s is river centerline direction by the first step；n
For the horizontal normal direction of river center line；σ is vertical flexible coordinate, is 0 in river surface value, and riverbed value is -1, specific mapping rule
It is then σ=(z-H)/(H-z0), wherein z0For bed elevation, H is the depth of water), it is cuboid, water level and stream to calculate network element lattice
Fast node uses interlaced arrangement, wherein (u, v, ω) is the flow velocity in corresponding direction (s, n, σ)；
Second step, based on Static pressure hypothises and Bossinesq it is assumed that the governing equation that can obtain river is：
Wherein, t is the time；The discharge areas R=/wetted perimeter are hydraulic radius；G is acceleration of gravity；H=H-z0For the depth of water；
(u, v, ω) is the flow velocity on corresponding (s, n, σ) coordinate direction；(εs, εn, εσ) it is the turbulent fluctuation corresponded on (s, n, σ) coordinate direction
The coefficient of viscosity；
Third walk, to governing equation 1.~3., integrated, obtained from riverbed to the water surface：
WhereinIndicate the mean flow rate in the direction (s, n)；(τ0s, τ0n) be the direction (s, n) bottom
Shearing stress；ρ is water density；Wherein α, β are experiential modification coefficient,(nmFor Manning roughness coefficient) it is riverbed drag velocity；
DefinitionCalculate separately 1. -4., 2. -5., 3. -6. obtain：
9. 4th step integrates equation since riverbed (σ=- 1) and obtains
According to the value of ω, cartesian coordinate system can be converted back from (s, n, σ) coordinate system, and further calculate river and hang down
To flow velocity：
5th step, in cartesian coordinate system, to w, flow section does two-dimensional integration along the river, can obtain section flow：
(A characterizes river section).
Wherein, the boundary condition for solving 4.~equation group 6. is：
(1) non-boundary node, each variate-value are initially 0.
(2) the flow water level on upstream and downstream boundary is determined according to measured value.
(3) both sides bulkhead wall,
(4) bottom shearing stressWherein C=h1/6/nm(nmFor manning roughness system
Number) it is to thank to ability coefficient, take empirical value；(u1, v1) be the flow speed value from the first node layer vertically upward since bed surface, the value by
7.~9. offer is provided.
Wherein, the boundary condition for solving 7.~equation group 9. is：
(1) u/u at upstream boundarym=(z/h)1/7, umFor water surface flow velocity, remaining non-boundary node variable is initially 0.
(2) river surface does not consider the shearing stress of wind：
(3) assume without sliding in riverbed：ω=0 u=v=.
(4) both sides bulkhead wall：
(5) it takesWhereinFor vertical line turbulent fluctuation mixing length.When calculating,
U, v take the approximation of last moment.
Below using embodiment and attached drawing come the embodiment that the present invention will be described in detail, how skill is applied to the present invention whereby
Art means can fully understand and buy according to this realization process that solves technical problem, and reach technique effect and apply.
As shown in Figure 1, open channel uniform flow flow rate-measuring device provided by the invention includes GPRS communication equipments, level sensor
Device, flow sensor, computing device and solar panel；The water level sensor is based on ultrasonic technology and measures water surface depth
Degree；The flow sensor is based on Doppler technology and measures water surface flow velocity；The computing device collects water level sensor and flow velocity
Sensor passes and the water surface depth and water surface flow velocity measurement result come, are based on principle of hydrodynamics, using finite element method,
Canal capacity is calculated using channel characteristic, water surface flow velocity and water surface depth as boundary condition；The GPRS communication equipments are based on meter
It calculates the result of calculation that equipment is transmitted to and is real-time transmitted to backstage, the GPRS communication equipments are powered by solar panel.
As shown in Fig. 2, the algorithm that the computing device calculates canal capacity is as follows：
The cartesian coordinate system in river, is mapped under (s, n, σ) coordinate system that (s is river centerline direction by the first step；n
For the horizontal normal direction of river center line；σ is vertical flexible coordinate, is 0 in river surface value, and riverbed value is -1, specific mapping rule
It is then σ=(z-H)/(H-z0), wherein z0For bed elevation, H is the depth of water), it is cuboid, water level and stream to calculate network element lattice
Fast node uses interlaced arrangement, wherein (u, v, ω) is the flow velocity in corresponding direction (s, n, σ)；
Second step, based on Static pressure hypothises and Bossinesq it is assumed that the governing equation that can obtain river is：
Wherein, t is the time；The discharge areas R=/wetted perimeter are hydraulic radius；G is acceleration of gravity；H=H-z0For the depth of water；
(u, v, ω) is the flow velocity on corresponding (s, n, σ) coordinate direction；(εs, εn, εσ) it is the turbulent fluctuation corresponded on (s, n, σ) coordinate direction
The coefficient of viscosity；
Third walk, to governing equation 1.~3., integrated, obtained from riverbed to the water surface：
WhereinIndicate the mean flow rate in the direction (s, n)；(τ0s, τ0n) be the direction (s, n) bottom
Shearing stress；ρ is water density；Wherein α, β are experiential modification coefficient,(nmFor Manning roughness coefficient) it is riverbed drag velocity；
DefinitionCalculate separately 1. -4., 2. -5., 3. -6. obtain：
9. 4th step integrates equation since riverbed (σ=- 1) and obtains
According to the value of ω, cartesian coordinate system can be converted back from (s, n, σ) coordinate system, and further calculate river and hang down
To flow velocity：
5th step, in cartesian coordinate system, to w, flow section does two-dimensional integration along the river, can obtain section flow：
(A characterizes river section).
Wherein, the boundary condition for solving 4.~equation group 6. is：
(1) non-boundary node, each variate-value are initially 0.
(2) the flow water level on upstream and downstream boundary is determined according to measured value.
(3) both sides bulkhead wall,
(4) bottom shearing stressWherein C=h1/6/nm(nmFor manning roughness system
Number) it is to thank to ability coefficient, take empirical value；(u1, v1) be the flow speed value from the first node layer vertically upward since bed surface, the value by
7.~9. offer is provided.
Wherein, the boundary condition for solving 7.~equation group 9. is：
(1) u/u at upstream boundarym=(z/h)1/7, umFor water surface flow velocity, remaining non-boundary node variable is initially 0.
(2) river surface does not consider the shearing stress of wind：
(3) assume without sliding in riverbed：ω=0 u=v=.
(4) both sides bulkhead wall：
(5) it takesWhereinFor vertical line turbulent fluctuation mixing length.When calculating, u,
V takes the approximation of last moment.
Level ground (two) hydrometric station is set up in December, 2005 by moving 3.5 kilometers on the hydrometric stations former col Xia Ping under col, is the Changjiang river stream
Domain Ganjiang River water system Suichuan river two level tributary standing grain source river hydrometric station waterborne is located at the Jiangxi Province Suichuan County towns the He Yuan villages He Yuan, east
114 ° 25.6 ' of diameter, 26 ° 11.2 ' of north latitude, catchment area 86.4km2, away from river mouth 18.5km.It is filled using measurement provided by the invention
It sets and detects its flow with assay method.As a result see Fig. 3.
All above-mentioned this intellectual properties of primarily implementation, there is no this new products of implementation of setting limitation other forms
And/or new method.Those skilled in the art will utilize this important information, the above modification, to realize similar execution feelings
Condition.But all modifications or transformation belong to the right of reservation based on new product of the present invention.
The above described is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, being not that the invention has other forms of limitations, appoint
What those skilled in the art changed or be modified as possibly also with the technology contents of the disclosure above equivalent variations etc.
Imitate embodiment.But it is every without departing from technical solution of the present invention content, according to the technical essence of the invention to above example institute
Any simple modification, equivalent variations and the remodeling made, still fall within the protection domain of technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of open channel uniform flow flow rate-measuring device, which is characterized in that including：GPRS communication equipments, water level sensor, flow velocity
Sensor, computing device and solar panel；
The water level sensor is based on ultrasonic technology and measures water surface depth；
The flow sensor is based on Doppler technology and measures water surface flow velocity；
The computing device collects the water surface depth that water level sensor and flow sensor are transmitted to and water surface flow velocity measures knot
Fruit is based on principle of hydrodynamics, using finite element method, using channel characteristic, water surface flow velocity and water surface depth as perimeter strip
Part calculates canal capacity；
The GPRS communication equipments are real-time transmitted to backstage, the GPRS communications based on the result of calculation that computing device is transmitted to
Equipment is powered by solar panel.
2. open channel uniform flow flow rate-measuring device as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that：The computing device calculates channel
The algorithm of flow includes,
The cartesian coordinate system in river, is mapped under (s, n, σ) coordinate system that (s is river centerline direction by the first step；N is river
The horizontal normal direction of road center line；σ is vertical flexible coordinate, is 0 in river surface value, and riverbed value is -1, and specific mapping ruler is σ
=(z-H)/(H-z0), wherein z0For bed elevation, H is the depth of water), calculating network element lattice are cuboid, water level and flow velocity node
Using interlaced arrangement, wherein (u, v, ω) is the flow velocity in corresponding direction (s, n, σ)；
Second step, based on Static pressure hypothises and Bossinesq it is assumed that the governing equation that can obtain river is：
Wherein t is the time；The discharge areas R=/wetted perimeter are hydraulic radius；G is acceleration of gravity；H=H-z0For the depth of water；(u, v,
ω) it is the flow velocity corresponded on (s, n, σ) coordinate direction；(εs, εn, εσ) it is the viscous system of turbulent fluctuation corresponded on (s, n, σ) coordinate direction
Number；
Third walk, to governing equation 1.~3., integrated, obtained from riverbed to the water surface：
WhereinIndicate the mean flow rate in the direction (s, n)；(τ0s, τ0n) it is that the bottom in the direction (s, n) is cut and answered
Power；ρ is water density；Wherein α, β are experiential modification coefficient,(nm
For Manning roughness coefficient) it is riverbed drag velocity；
DefinitionCalculate separately 1. -4., 2. -5., 3. -6. obtain：
9. 4th step integrates equation since riverbed (σ=- 1) and obtains
According to the value of ω, cartesian coordinate system can be converted back from (s, n, σ) coordinate system, and further calculate river vertical flow
Speed：
5th step, in cartesian coordinate system, to w, flow section does two-dimensional integration along the river, can obtain section flow：
3. open channel uniform flow flow rate-measuring device as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that：Solve 4.~equation 6.
Group boundary condition be：
(1) non-boundary node, each variate-value are initially 0.
(2) the flow water level on upstream and downstream boundary is determined according to measured value.
(3) both sides bulkhead wall,
(4) bottom shearing stressWherein C=h1/6/nm(nmFor Manning roughness coefficient) be
It thanks to ability coefficient, takes empirical value；(u1, v1) be the flow speed value from the first node layer vertically upward since bed surface, the value by 7.~9.
It calculates and provides.
4. open channel uniform flow flow rate-measuring device as described in claims 1 to 3, it is characterised in that：Solve 7.~equation 9.
Group boundary condition be：
(1) u/u at upstream boundarym=(z/h)1/7, umFor water surface flow velocity, remaining non-boundary node variable is initially 0.
(2) river surface does not consider the shearing stress of wind：
(3) assume without sliding in riverbed：ω=0 u=v=.
(4) both sides bulkhead wall：
(5) it takesWhereinFor vertical line turbulent fluctuation mixing length.When calculating, u, v takes
The approximation of last moment.
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Cited By (1)
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113074786A (en) * | 2021-03-12 | 2021-07-06 | 中国农业大学 | Curve channel flow measuring method and device |
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