CN107167188B - A method of applied to rectangular open channel flow measurement - Google Patents

A method of applied to rectangular open channel flow measurement Download PDF

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Publication number
CN107167188B
CN107167188B CN201710288899.5A CN201710288899A CN107167188B CN 107167188 B CN107167188 B CN 107167188B CN 201710288899 A CN201710288899 A CN 201710288899A CN 107167188 B CN107167188 B CN 107167188B
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bank
test point
basal layer
open channel
channel
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CN107167188A (en
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李乃稳
刘超
李龙国
鲁恒
刘铁刚
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Sichuan University
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Sichuan University
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
    • G01F1/00—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow
    • G01F1/002—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow wherein the flow is in an open channel
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
    • G01F1/00—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow
    • G01F1/66—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by measuring frequency, phase shift or propagation time of electromagnetic or other waves, e.g. using ultrasonic flowmeters
    • G01F1/667—Arrangements of transducers for ultrasonic flowmeters; Circuits for operating ultrasonic flowmeters
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
    • G01F23/00—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm
    • G01F23/22—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm by measuring physical variables, other than linear dimensions, pressure or weight, dependent on the level to be measured, e.g. by difference of heat transfer of steam or water
    • G01F23/28—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm by measuring physical variables, other than linear dimensions, pressure or weight, dependent on the level to be measured, e.g. by difference of heat transfer of steam or water by measuring the variations of parameters of electromagnetic or acoustic waves applied directly to the liquid or fluent solid material
    • G01F23/296—Acoustic waves

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Measuring Volume Flow (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention provides a kind of methods applied to rectangular open channel flow measurement, the method comprising the steps of: building immediately below basal layer to test point in flow measurement section starting point, the Open Channel bottom in the section is transformed, the channel bottom sloping flat slope or negative slope, test point and downstream original channel canal bottom for making measuring section fall bank or bank drop-over is fallen on slope using vertical；Using ultrasonic water level gauge, depth of water h at bank is fallen in measuremente, by following formula, obtain the flow for falling Kan Chu:B is channel width, g=9.81m/s in formula2, me=0.70-0.75；heUnit be rice.The present invention to rectangular open channel flow metering have height accuracy, with standard method compared with error be not more than 2%, while be avoided that conventional method in long-term use detection accuracy decline the problem of.

Description

A method of applied to rectangular open channel flow measurement
Technical field
The invention belongs to hydraulic engineering technical fields, and in particular to a method of applied to rectangular open channel flow measurement.
Background technique
With being becoming increasingly acute for the contradiction of supply and demand for the water resource, water using planning and model for water quantity allocation work are become more and more important.Water The it is proposed and attention of resource problem, many occasions are intended to quickly and accurately measure the parameters such as flow water, highlightedly instead It reflects and is calculated, in terms of contaminant transport model and water resource dispatching distribution in the water of irrigated area and diversion works.Currently, common inspection Survey method is weir notch method, i.e., carries out flow measurement using weir grooving.
Weir notch method is a kind of more traditional water measure equipment, is mainly had: sharp-crested weir, broad-crested weir, trapezoidal cross-section weir, triangle cut open Face weir, flat V-type weir, long throated flume, short venturi slot (including Baxeer slot and grandson Nelly slot) and cut_throat flume etc..
The basic principle of weir notch method is the cross-section of river for allowing water flow to contract by beam and controls water flow, passes through water using water flow The stable stage discharge relation that occurs when the most narrow part of section calculates flow, because in this case, water flow meeting Transition, that is, critical flow that unhurried current arrives torrent is formed, to constitute stable stage discharge relation before slot.
Weir notch method is a kind of both economical effective method, and precision is also relatively high, but it is apparent the disadvantage is that protect Demonstrate,prove precision, it is necessary to guarantee that the relational expression of stage-discharge is stable in measurement, but over time, water level stream The relationship of amount is often to change.
The flow measurement precision of weir notch method is influenced by several factors, is such as limited by inlet flow conditions, floating material and deposition Object influence, or constriction canal cross section and influence conveyance capacity.And then exists generally as standard thin-walled amount weir used in standard and hold The shortcomings that being also easy to produce mud is not suitable for used in long-term measurement.
Therefore, to meet current engineering actual demand, urgent need propose a kind of simply and easily water flow of open canal new technology with New method.
Summary of the invention
In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of sides applied to rectangular open channel flow measurement Method, the method includes the steps:
It is built immediately below basal layer to test point in open-channel flow measurement section starting point, the Open Channel bottom in the section is changed It makes, makes the channel bottom sloping -10%~0 of measuring section, bank is fallen or bank is fallen on slope using vertical in test point and downstream original channel canal bottom Drop-over；
Using ultrasonic water level gauge, depth of water h at bank is fallen in measuremente, by following formula, obtain the flow for falling Kan Chu:
B is channel width, g=9.81m/s in formula2, me=0.70~0.75；heUnit be rice.
" flow measurement section " of the present invention is the measurement zone delimited to measure on the conventional meaning of this field Section.
As shown in the embodiment of present invention, the present invention is very high for the detection accuracy of open channel flow velocity, with standard method of measurement It compares, error can be controlled in 2% or less.Meanwhile the invention avoids possessed by standard method of measurement due to a large amount of mud heaps The problem of decline of detection accuracy caused by product.Therefore, as it will be easily appreciated by one skilled in the art that since precision is high and avoids inspection The problem of surveying accuracy decline, long-term flow measurement may be implemented in the present invention.
Preferably, the channel bottom sloping is 0.
Those skilled in the art can be transformed open channel with least cost, according to specific measurement environment without centainly by slope Degree transform 0 as.
Preferably, the distance between test point and basal layer starting point are not more than 15m.
When above-mentioned distance is not more than 15m, measurement effect and construction cost can be taken into account.
Those skilled in the art, it should be understood that the length of above-mentioned distance does not directly affect the acquisition of technical effect of the invention, Detection side and construction personnel can select specific length according to specific geographical environment and construction cost.In general, less It is proper in the distance of 15m.
Test point falls bank and falls height not less than 0.2m.
When falling height not less than 0.2m, it can to fall bank falling water flow to be free-electron model water flow, be conducive to skill of the present invention The acquisition of art effect.
Falling bank angle, θ at test point is 90~135 °.
Preferably, the side at the basal layer immediately below test point is vertical with ground level, i.e. θ is 90 °.
Preferably, the wall face of the basal layer is smooth.The smooth stabilization that can guarantee water flow in wall face is conducive to detection.
It is furthermore preferred that the wall face of the basal layer is obtained by including surface smooth glass, copper sheet or plate-steel liner.
When using above-mentioned material, it can prevent water flow from washing away to basal layer sandy soil, more stable survey can be provided Dose-effect fruit.
The structure of the basal layer is plain concrete construction or cement mortar structure, is arranged on the basis of original canal bottom. The structure of basal layer of the present invention can be built with the relevant constructing structure of any water conservancy, and those skilled in the art can root According to the characteristics of specific open channel or the factors such as construction cost are selected.
Beneficial effects of the present invention:
The present invention has the accuracy of height to the metering of rectangular open channel flow, and error is not more than compared with standard method 2%, at the same be avoided that conventional method in long-term use detection accuracy decline the problem of.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is metering method schematic diagram of the present invention, wherein i0For open channel original base slope；i1It is flow measurement section canal bottom through filling Base slope after basal layer, the gradient are -10%~0；θ is to fall bank and level angle, is 90~135 °；heUltrasound is utilized on bank to fall What wave liquidometer or limnimeter measured falls the bank depth of water (unit: m).
Specific embodiment
The present invention is specifically described below by embodiment, it is necessary to which indicated herein is that following embodiment is only used It is further detailed in the present invention, should not be understood as limiting the scope of the invention, which is skilled in technique Some nonessential modifications and adaptations that personnel are made according to foregoing invention content, still fall within protection scope of the present invention.
Embodiment 1
In the lab, the rectangular open channel that width is 0.30m is built, the measuring section gradient is 0, and flow measurement segment length is 10m, wall face are the glass of 0.5cm thickness, and step height 0.20m, falling bank angle is 100 °, after measured, water flow for 0.050~ 0.200m3/s。
Depth of water h at bank is fallen using ultrasonic water level gauge measuremente。
Open channel flow rate is calculated using formula, is calculated on open channel downstream setting rectangle standard thin-walled amount weir using above-mentioned formula Open channel flow rate be corrected, in formula B be channel width, g=9.81m/s2, me=0.75；heUnit be rice.
It is corrected through comparing, measurement error of the invention is within 2%.
Embodiment 2
In the lab, the rectangular open channel that width is 0.30m is built, the measuring section gradient is -5%, flow measurement segment length For 15m, wall face is the glass of 0.5cm thickness, and step height 0.30m, falling bank angle is 135 °, after measured, water flow 0.050 ~0.200m3/s。
Depth of water h at bank is fallen using ultrasonic water level gauge measuremente。
Open channel flow rate is calculated using formula, is calculated on open channel downstream setting rectangle standard thin-walled amount weir using above-mentioned formula Open channel flow rate be corrected, in formula B be channel width, g=9.81m/s2, me=0.70；heUnit be rice.
It is corrected through comparing, measurement error of the invention is within 2%.
Embodiment 3
In the lab, the rectangular open channel that width is 0.30m is built, the measuring section gradient is -10%, flow measurement segment length For 15m, wall face is the stainless-steel sheet of 0.5cm thickness, and step height 0.20m, falling bank angle is 90 °, and after measured, water flow is 0.050~0.200m3/s。
Depth of water h at bank is fallen using ultrasonic water level gauge measuremente。
Open channel flow rate is calculated using formula, is calculated on open channel downstream setting rectangle standard thin-walled amount weir using above-mentioned formula Open channel flow rate be corrected, in formula B be channel width, g=9.81m/s2, me=0.72；heUnit be rice.
It is corrected through comparing, measurement error of the invention is within 2%.

Claims (8)

1. a kind of method applied to rectangular open channel flow measurement, which is characterized in that the method includes the steps: in flow measurement Section starting point is built immediately below basal layer to test point, and the Open Channel bottom in the section is transformed, the channel base slope of measuring section is made The gradient is -10%~0, and the use of test point and downstream original channel canal bottom is vertical to fall bank or bank drop-over is fallen on slope；Utilize ultrasonic water Depth of water h at bank is fallen in position meter, measuremente, by following formula, obtain the flow for falling Kan Chu:
B is channel width, g=9.81m/s in formula2, me=0.70-0.75；heUnit be rice.
2. the method according to claim 1, wherein the distance between test point and basal layer starting point are not more than 15m。
3. the method according to claim 1, wherein test point, which falls bank, falls height not less than 0.2m.
4. the method according to claim 1, wherein falling bank angle at test point is 90~135 °.
5. the method according to claim 1, wherein side and ground at the basal layer being located at immediately below test point Plane is vertical.
6. the method according to claim 1, wherein the wall face of the basal layer is smooth.
7. according to the method described in claim 6, it is characterized in that, the wall face of the basal layer is by including the smooth glass in surface Glass, copper sheet or plate-steel liner and obtain.
8. the method according to claim 1, wherein the structure of the basal layer is plain concrete construction or cement Mortar structure is arranged on the basis of original canal bottom.
CN201710288899.5A 2017-04-27 2017-04-27 A method of applied to rectangular open channel flow measurement Active CN107167188B (en)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109506719A (en) * 2018-12-03 2019-03-22 南通大学 A kind of non-plains region water flow of open canal device and method
CN109443465B (en) * 2018-12-28 2024-05-31 深圳衡伟环境技术有限公司 Overflow flow online monitoring device and construction method
CN110006509B (en) * 2019-02-02 2023-04-18 四川大学 Self-circulation tank body experiment platform for acoustic flow measurement based on dynamic grid
CN110567533A (en) * 2019-08-21 2019-12-13 武汉联宇技术股份有限公司 Flow measuring device for water flow of open channel with circular flow cross section

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