CN106446411A - Method for measuring viscous mud-flow internal flow velocity and impact force spatial distributions - Google Patents

Method for measuring viscous mud-flow internal flow velocity and impact force spatial distributions Download PDF

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CN106446411A
CN106446411A CN201610848749.0A CN201610848749A CN106446411A CN 106446411 A CN106446411 A CN 106446411A CN 201610848749 A CN201610848749 A CN 201610848749A CN 106446411 A CN106446411 A CN 106446411A
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rock
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游勇
赵海鑫
柳金峰
杨东旭
孙昊
张莉
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Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment IMHE of CAS
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Abstract

Aiming at solving the problems that flow velocity and impact of any point in any section of mud-flow cannot be measured in the prior art, the invention first provides a method for measuring viscous mud-flow internal flow velocity and impact force spatial distributions. The method for measuring flow velocity is based on the viscous mud-flow body Bingham model and the scour-and-fill balance principle; first, setting any section I-I, determining values such as h0, h(x), xa, xd, xb, xc of the section through the trial method; then calculating the flow depth of a mud-flow calculation infinitesimal surface at any point on the section according to formula 1; and finally substituting h into the Bingham-model-based viscous mud-flow flow velocity distribution formula to obtain flow velocity of the point. By means of the method for measuring flow velocity at any position in any section of mud-flow, the method for measuring spatial distribution of viscous mud-flow impact force is further obtained. The calculation result of the method has high accuracy, which can be applied in real design for viscous mud-flow prevention and control engineering. The measurement method is clear in thinking and simple in calculating, which is an improvement of the present prevention and control engineering design method which is based on uniform distribution.

Description

The internal flow velocity of viscous mud-flow, impulsive force spatial distribution measuring method
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of measuring method, more particularly to a kind of viscous mud-flow mean flow rate, impulsive force space are divided Cloth measuring method, belongs to mud-rock flow Control Engineering field, field of measuring technique.
Background technology
The prevention and cure projects such as debris dam are to administer that mud-stone flow disaster is the fastest, most common and effective measures.Set in such engineering Measurement mud-rock-flow-impact load spatial distribution is needed as one of most important foundation of design of dam body parameter in meter.
When the prevention and cure projects such as debris flow dam design, load presses uniform consideration to the temporarily suggestion of the specification of domestic current, This is distributed with very big difference with actual loading.One side evenly load value is less than normal, and it is less than normal to be easily caused prevention and cure project stability, Prevention and cure project is easily led to lose efficacy；On the other hand, evenly load value is bigger than normal, be easily caused design overly conservative, cause manpower, The waste of material resources.
The Chinese invention patent application of Publication No. CN 104794362A discloses a kind of mud-rock flow mean velocity in section Measuring method and application.The method is measured by field investigation, actual sampling surveys the means such as unit weight and indoor rheological experiment, point Que Ding not mud-rock flow fluid unit weight, mud-rock flow solid matter unit weight, mud-rock flow raceway groove or the drainage groove gradient, mud-rock flow flow section The outside parameter such as roughness and the mud-rock flow coefficient of viscosity of hydraulic radius, mud-rock flow raceway groove or drainage groove, the parameter obtaining is substituted into mud Rock glacier mean velocity in section computing formula, thus obtain more mud-rock flow mean velocity in section.But the method is only capable of measuring mudstone The mean flow rate of flow section, it is impossible to measure to the flow velocity of arbitrfary point on arbitrary cross-section, therefore cannot solve flow velocity space and divide The concrete technical problems of cloth.
Content of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is aiming at the deficiencies in the prior art, provides a kind of viscous mud-flow mean flow rate spatial distribution Measuring method, and the viscous mud-flow impulsive force spatial distribution measuring method realized based on the method.
For achieving the above object, present invention firstly provides a kind of internal flow-speed measurement method of viscous mud-flow, its technical side Case is as follows：
A kind of internal flow velocity spatial distribution measuring method of viscous mud-flow, for measuring any point on the arbitrary section of mud-rock flow Mud-rock flow mean flow rate it is characterised in that：Implement according to following steps：
Step S1, early-stage preparations
Mud-rock flow raceway groove sets arbitrary cross-section I-I, according to topography survey calculation and/or field investigation Measure section Average longitudinal river slope J of mud-rock flow raceway groove at I-I position, section I-I and mud-rock flow movement angular separation θ,
Field investigation and sampling measurement determines mud-rock flow unit weight γc
Experiment determines mud-rock flow coefficient of viscosity η, mud-rock flow yield stress τB
Step S2, determine the maximum flow depth h of section I-I0
Choose elevation minimum point in section I-I and, as datum mark O, set up plane right-angle coordinate, calculated using trial and error procedure Maximum flow depth h0, and matching piecewise function multinomial h (x) in section I-I, determine mud-rock flow border abscissa xa、xd, determine Mud-rock flow stream nuclear boundary abscissa xb、xc；
Step S3, determine flow depth h at arbitrfary point S on section I-I
Section I-I takes arbitrfary point S (x, y), is calculated according to formula 1 and determine flow depth h at S point
H=h0- h (x) y >=h (x) formula 1
In formula, h point S (x, y) place flow depth, unit m
h0The maximum flow depth of section I-I, unit m, step S2 determines
Matching piecewise function multinomial in h (x) section I-I, step S2 determines
Step S4, determine mud-rock flow instantaneous velocity v at the S of arbitrfary point
Calculate point S (x, y) place mud-rock flow instantaneous velocity v on section I-I according to formula 2
In formula, point S (x, y) place mud-rock flow instantaneous velocity on v section I-I, unit m/s,
γcMud-rock flow unit weight, unit kN/m3, the determination of step S1,
The average longitudinal river slope of J mud-rock flow raceway groove, step S1 determines,
τBMud-rock flow yield stress, unit Pa, step S1 determines,
The η mud-rock flow coefficient of viscosity, step S1 determines.
Above-mentioned measuring method is that its key is in step S2 based on viscous mud-flow body Bingham model and coastal line principle Middle employing trial and error procedure calculates maximum flow depth h0.Trial and error procedure is elevation minimum point O (i.e. mud-rock flow flow section calculating on section I-I Datum mark) 2 side draw n points.So in section I-I, section is divided into by slices method in the x-direction by n by n+1 known point Part.Piecewise function multinomial h (x) that matching obtains is debris flow gully bed bottom height fit line.According to matching piecewise function Multinomial can determine that the independent variable span of h (x) is xa≤x≤xd, then xa、xdIt is mud-rock flow border abscissa.Make againWherein h (x) is debris flow gully bed bottom height fit line, and it is the unitary letter with regard to x Number, considers from practical significance, mud-rock flow mud core depthShould be less than mud-rock flow maximum mud depth h0,For certain Value, debris flow gully bed bottom height fit line h (x) is the high curve in middle low both sides, such as accompanying drawing 2, makes debris flow gully bed bottom height Fit line h (x) is sameEqual, geometric meaning is straight line with the high curve intersection in middle low both sides, simultaneously The scope of this rectilinear movement is between the minimum point of curve and peak, so the equation certainly exists two analytic solutions horizontal strokes Two points on coordinate, that is, mud-rock flow stream nuclear boundary abscissa, is designated as xb、xc.Maximum flow depth h is finally determined by trial and error procedure0、h (x)、xa、xd、xb、xcEtc. each value.Maximum flow depth h0After determination, the mudstone stream calculation at any point S (x, y) place on section I-I Infinitesimal surface current depth h can calculate determination according to formula 1 and (must meet y >=h (x) in formula 1, otherwise calculate point and be located at debris flow gully road ground Below it is not intended to justice).Finally h is brought into Bingham body viscous mud-flow velocity distribution formulas and can get formula 2, can try to achieve according to formula 2 disconnected The debris flow velocity v of any position on face I-I.Thus, the inventive method passes through debris flow gully terrain data, mud-rock flow property Characteristic data can calculate the mean flow rate of the internal arbitrfary point of viscous mud-flow, and then determines the spatial distribution of flow velocity.
Further, trial and error procedure calculates, initially with rain flood revised law, the design peak flow Q determining section I-I.Secondly To flow depth h maximum on section0The each h ' of tentative calculation0Value.Specifically take elevation minimum point to be designated as O on section I-I, with horizontal line at O point be Datum line, O point height is 0.An appropriate number of point P is taken respectively about O point1、P2……Pn, its abscissa of each point is respectively x1、 x2……xn, each point height value is respectively h1、h2……hn.So by n+1 known point (0,0), (x in section I-I1, h1)、 (x2, h2)……(xn, hn) matching piecewise function multinomial h (x), the wherein independent variable span of h (x) is xa≤x≤xd, that is, Mud-rock flow border abscissa xa、xd.Order2 points of x can be obtainedb、xc, i.e. mud-rock flow stream Nuclear boundary abscissa xb、xc.Section I-I is divided into n part by slices method in the x-direction, when n levels off to infinite, each is little Bar is approximately rectangular cross section, and section base elevation is h (x), a length of dx in section base, and flow depth is h0- h (x), each infinitesimal section Interior velocity flow profile is believed that and only exists longitudinal difference, for viscous mud-flow, according to longitudinal velocity flow profile of Bingham model Formula (formula 5) is understood with field actual mud-rock flow erosion and deposition phenomenon, in xa≤x≤xbAnd xc≤x≤xdScope has debris flow velocity v= 0, that is, mud-rock flow is zero near the flow velocity of ditch bank wall part.
In xb≤x≤xcEach little infinitesimal section in available formula 6 calculate and try to achieve debris flow and landslips Δ Q.
N infinitesimal face summation then can be calculated the mud-rock flow calculated flow rate Q ' of whole section I-I according to formula 7.
Arrangement formula 7, and then obtain formula 4 for calculating the calculated flow rate Q ' of section I-I：
As calculated section calculation flow Q '=peak flow Q, then can determine that the h ' of tentative calculation0It is maximum flow depth h0.
In said method, point P1、P2……PnMethod to set up be：If debris flow gully bank width >=20m, it is initial with O point Point presses horizontal range to both sides respectively, chooses next point until last point is arranged in debris flow gully off coast every 8m；If Debris flow gully bank width is 5m～20m, presses horizontal range to both sides with O point respectively for starting point, chooses next point every 4m Until last is put is arranged in debris flow gully off coast；If debris flow gully bank width≤5m, with O point for starting point respectively to both sides By horizontal range, choose next point until last point is arranged in debris flow gully off coast every 1m.
The internal mean flow rate spatial distribution measuring method of above-mentioned viscous mud-flow is in the design of viscous mud-flow prevention and cure project Application.
The present invention is also provided and a kind of is realized using the internal mean flow rate spatial distribution measuring method of above-mentioned viscous mud-flow Viscous mud-flow impulsive force spatial distribution measuring method, its technical scheme is as follows：
The viscous mud-flow impulsive force that a kind of internal mean flow rate spatial distribution measuring method of utilization viscous mud-flow is realized Spatial distribution measuring method it is characterised in that：Continue implementation steps S5 after step S4：
Step S5, determine point S (x, y) place impulsive force of mud flow F on section I-Iδ
Calculate point S (x, y) the place impulsive force of mud flow on section I-I according to formula 5
In formula, FδPoint S (x, y) the place impulsive force of mud flow on section I-I, unit kPa,
λ section I-I form factor, circle takes 1.0, rectangle to take 1.33, square take 1.47,
γcMud-rock flow unit weight, unit kN/m3, the determination of step S1,
G acceleration of gravity, constant, unit m/s2,
Point S (x, y) place mud-rock flow instantaneous velocity on v section I I, unit m/s, step S4 determines,
θ section I I and mud-rock flow movement angular separation, unit °, step S1 determines.
The present invention also provides the internal average impact spatial distribution measuring method of above-mentioned viscous mud-flow in viscous mud-flow Application in prevention and cure project design.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects as follows：(1) the inventive method is former based on mud-rock flow coastal line Reason, in conjunction with ditch bed cross section characteristic, can rationally measure and determine the mud-rock flow mean flow rate of any position and impact on arbitrary cross-section Power；(2) computational solution precision is high, can be applied to the design of viscous mud-flow prevention and cure project actual；(3) measuring method thinking is clear Clear, calculate easy, adapt to requirement of engineering, prior art can be improved with the prevention and cure project design work of " uniform " thought guidance.
Brief description
Fig. 1 is to calculate cross section place top view (arrow shows mud-rock flow movement direction).
Fig. 2 is to calculate section sketch.
Fig. 3 is example sectional schematic diagram.
Specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, the preferred embodiments of the present invention are further described.
Embodiment one
As shown in FIG. 1 to 3, debris flow velocity spatial distribution is measured using the inventive method.
Certain debris flow gully is a medium-sized debris flow gully, and basin height above sea level is 1820m～3500m, drainage area 12.2km2.This ditch once repeatedly breaks out viscous mud-flow, serious threat local people's security of the lives and property.In order to mitigate mud-rock flow Disaster, intends building infiltration type debris dam engineering in this flowing area of mud flow, needs computation and measurement mud-rock flow mean flow rate spatial distribution.
Step S1, early-stage preparations
Fig. 1 is to calculate cross section place top view (arrow shows mud-rock flow movement direction).Mud-rock flow raceway groove sets arbitrarily Section I-I, according to the averagely vertical ratio of the mud-rock flow raceway groove at topography survey calculation and/or field investigation Measure section I-I position Fall J=0.09, section I-I and mud-rock flow movement angular separation θ=90 °,
Field investigation and sampling measurement determines mud-rock flow unit weight γc=21kN/m3,
Rheological experiment determines mud-rock flow coefficient of viscosity η=32.29Pa.s, mud-rock flow yield stress τB=245Pa；
Step S2, determine the maximum flow depth h of section I-I0
Mudstone flow section max-flow depth h is calculated using trial and error procedure0, main processes of calculation is as follows：
The design peak flow Q=105m determining section I-I is calculated using rain flood revised law3/s；
Fig. 2 is to calculate section sketch, and Fig. 3 is example sectional schematic diagram.Choose h '0=1m, takes elevation in section I-I Low spot is designated as O, line on the basis of horizontal line at O point, respectively side draw an appropriate number of point P about O point1、P2、P3、P4, each point Abscissa is respectively x1=-8m, x2=-16m, x3=8m, x4=16m, each point height value is respectively h1=0.96m, h2= 0.48m、h3=0.40m, h4=0.80m；
Matching piecewise function multinomial h (x) in calculating section I-I, obtains：
Make h(x)=h0=1 brings above-mentioned matching piecewise function into, determines section abscissa span：-16.67≤x≤ 20, i.e. mud-rock flow border abscissa xa=-16.7, xd=20.0.Order,Bring concrete numerical value into calculate, that is, Have：
Solve above-mentioned equation and obtain two solution x=-14.5 or x=17.4, be designated as mud-rock flow stream nuclear boundary abscissa xb=- 14.5、xc=17.4,
By each parameter substitution formula 4, obtain calculated flow rate Q '：
Relatively calculated flow rate Q ' and design discharge Q=105m calculating gained using rain flood revised law3/ s is it may be determined that maximum Flow depth h0=h '0=1m.
Step S3, determine flow depth h at arbitrfary point S on section I-I
Section I-I takes arbitrfary point S (x, y), by h0=1m and piecewise function multinomial h (x) substitute into formula 1, have：
Calculate and determine flow depth h at S point, unit m；
Step S4, determine mud-rock flow instantaneous velocity v at the S of arbitrfary point
By flow depth h and each parameter substitution formula 2 at step S3 gained S, have：
It is calculated S (x, y) place mud-rock flow instantaneous velocity v, unit m/s on section I-I.
Embodiment two
Viscous mud-flow impulsive force spatial distribution is measured further on the basis of embodiment one.
Step S5, determine impulsive force of mud flow F at the S of arbitrfary pointδ：
By each parameter substitution formula 5, calculate mud-rock flow arbitrfary point S (x, y) surge F in section I-Iδ, have：
In present embodiment, section I-I takes rectangular cross section to analyze, λ value 1.33.

Claims (4)

1. the internal flow velocity spatial distribution measuring method of viscous mud-flow, for measuring the mudstone of any point on the arbitrary section of mud-rock flow Stream mean flow rate it is characterised in that：Implement according to following steps：
Step S1, early-stage preparations
Mud-rock flow raceway groove sets arbitrary cross-section I-I, according to topography survey calculation and/or field investigation Measure section I-I Average longitudinal river slope J of mud-rock flow raceway groove at position, section I-I and mud-rock flow movement angular separation θ,
Field investigation and sampling measurement determines mud-rock flow unit weight γc
Experiment determines mud-rock flow coefficient of viscosity η, mud-rock flow yield stress τBUnit
Step S2, determine the maximum flow depth h of section I-I0
Choose elevation minimum point in section I-I and, as datum mark O, set up plane right-angle coordinate, calculated using trial and error procedure maximum Flow depth h0, and matching piecewise function multinomial h (x) in section I-I, determine mud-rock flow border abscissa xa、xd, determine mudstone Stream stream nuclear boundary abscissa xb、xc；
Step S3, determine arbitrfary point S (x, y) place flow depth h on section I-I
Section I-I takes arbitrfary point S (x, y), is calculated according to formula 1 and determine flow depth h at S point
H=h0- h (x) y >=h (x) formula 1
In formula, h point S (x, y) place flow depth, unit m,
h0The maximum flow depth of section I-I, unit m, step S2 determines,
Matching piecewise function multinomial in h (x) section I-I, step S2 determines；
Step S4, determine mud-rock flow instantaneous velocity v at the S of arbitrfary point
Calculate point S (x, y) place mud-rock flow instantaneous velocity v on section I-I according to formula 2
In formula, point S (x, y) place mud-rock flow instantaneous velocity, unit m/s on v section I-I.,
γcMud-rock flow unit weight, unit kN/m3, the determination of step S1,
The average longitudinal river slope of J mud-rock flow raceway groove, step S1 determines,
τBMud-rock flow yield stress, unit Pa, step S1 determines,
The η mud-rock flow coefficient of viscosity, step S1 determines.
2. measuring method according to claim 1 it is characterised in that：Described step S2 is implemented according to following steps：
Step S21, using rain flood revised law calculate determine section I-I design peak flow Q,
Step S22, tentative calculation maximum flow depth h '0
Step S221, elevation minimum point is taken to be designated as O on section I-I, line on the basis of horizontal line at O point, O point height is 0, point Do not take point P about O point1、P2……Pn, its abscissa of each point is respectively x1、x2……xn, each point height value is respectively h1、 h2……hn；
Step S222, in section I-I to by n+1 known point (0,0), (x1, h1)、(x21, h2)……(xn, hn) matching segmentation Function multinomial h (x)；
Step S223, independent variable span x according to h (x)a≤x≤xdDetermine mud-rock flow border abscissa xa、xd；
Step S224, according to formula 3 determine mud-rock flow stream nuclear boundary abscissa xb、xc
Step S225, according to formula 4 calculate calculate section I-I mud-rock flow calculated flow rate Q '
In formula, the mud-rock flow calculated flow rate of Q ' section I-I, unit m3/s；
Step S23, as Q '=Q, determine the maximum flow depth h ' of tentative calculation0=maximum flow depth h0, otherwise implementation steps S22 again, directly To Q '=Q.
3. measuring method according to claim 2 it is characterised in that：In described step S221, point P1、P2……PnSet The method of putting is：If debris flow gully bank width >=20m, horizontal range is pressed to both sides respectively for starting point with O point, under 8m chooses One point is until last point is arranged in debris flow gully off coast；If debris flow gully bank width is 5m～20m, it is initial with O point Point presses horizontal range to both sides respectively, chooses next point until last point is arranged in debris flow gully off coast every 4m；If Debris flow gully bank width≤5m, presses horizontal range to both sides with O point respectively for starting point, chooses next point up to every 1m A point is arranged in debris flow gully off coast afterwards.
4. the viscosity realized according to the internal flow velocity spatial distribution measuring method of the arbitrary described viscous mud-flow of claims 1 to 3 Impulsive force of mud flow spatial distribution measuring method it is characterised in that：Continue implementation steps S5 after step S4：
Step S5, determine point S (x, y) place impulsive force of mud flow F on section I-Iδ
Calculate point S (x, y) the place impulsive force of mud flow on section I-I according to formula 5
In formula, FδPoint S (x, y) the place impulsive force of mud flow on section I-I, unit kPa,
λ section I-I form factor, circle takes 1.0, rectangle to take 1.33, square take 1.47,
γcMud-rock flow unit weight, unit kN/m3, the determination of step S1,
G acceleration of gravity, constant, unit m/s2,
Point S (x, y) place mud-rock flow instantaneous velocity on v section I I, unit m/s, step S4 determines,
θ section I I and mud-rock flow movement angular separation, unit °, step S1 determines.
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CN111141927A (en) * 2019-12-31 2020-05-12 清华大学 Debris flow tracer particle, internal flow velocity experiment system and internal flow field measuring and calculating method
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