CN104615820A - Flow field analysis method for earth and rockfill dam seepage flow monitoring and calculation - Google Patents
Flow field analysis method for earth and rockfill dam seepage flow monitoring and calculation Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a flow field analysis method for earth and rockfill dam seepage flow monitoring and calculation. The flow field analysis method for earth and rockfill dam seepage flow monitoring and calculation comprises the steps of firstly measuring the underground water level distribution situation in a seepage field, then conducting two-dimensional analysis calculation on underground water level and accordingly obtaining total seepage flows of a flow field. The flow field analysis method for earth and rockfill dam seepage flow monitoring and calculation has the advantages that the novel method for earth and rockfill dam seepage flow monitoring and calculation is specifically a flow filed analysis method, is suitable for analysis of the dam foundation phreatic layer seepage field situation of a dam built on a deep water-permeating layer foundation and comprises the steps of monitoring amount determination, measuring point arrangement, measurement means and complete matching of a result calculating method, the problem that a traditional closure water-collection measurement method cannot be applied to the deep water-permeating layer dam is thoroughly solved, and the flow field analysis method is simple and feasible.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the monitoring of earth-rock dam seepage amount and computing method, be specially analytic method of flow field, belong to dam safety monitoring and assessment technique field.
Background technology
In Hydropower Project, build earth and rockfill dam on deep pervious bed ground and get more and more, according to related specifications requirement, the seepage flow of earth and rockfill dam be dam prototype monitoring must survey project, most important for the security evaluating dam.
In prior art, the ground of major part dam all has good barrier properties or carried out special Anti-seeping technology, wandering water major part be mostly distributed in bottom dam body or ground shallow these bear the relatively weak area, local of the high and barrier performance of head, therefore, traditional seepage flow monitoring method is: in percolation path, select suitable position, as basic gallery or dam Hou Chu take River Closure Measures, wandering water is caused certain centrostigma to converge, then the wandering water flow after adopting volumetric method or weir method directly to record convergence, concrete survey instrument or instrument and equipment have graduated cylinder and stopwatch, volumetric flow instrument, weir weir plate and weir measuring instrument etc.But, when Dam is on deep pervious bed, during foundation anti-seepage process limited efficacy, wandering water often forms water table aquifer below dam foundation bottom certain depth, so, position, earth's surface does not have water, cannot be dammed and catchment method monitoring seepage flow by traditional, Given this, be necessary to set up the monitoring of a kind of seepage flow different from the past and computing method.
Summary of the invention
For solving the deficiencies in the prior art, the object of the invention is to the new method set up the monitoring of a kind of earth-rock dam seepage amount and calculate, being applicable to the water table aquifer seepage field situation of dam on deep pervious bed.
In order to realize above-mentioned target, the present invention adopts following technical scheme:
Earth-rock dam seepage amount monitoring of the present invention and the analytic method of flow field calculated, first measure the underground water table distribution situation in seepage field, then carry out two-dimensional flow field analytical calculation to underground water table, thus obtain the gross leak amount in flow field.
Aforesaid underground water table distribution situation is recorded by piezometric tube, and the cloth point mode of piezometric tube is rectangular lattice.
Preferably, the principle of layouting of piezometric tube is: 1., along main water (flow) direction lay and be no less than three row's measuring points, trestle column is reasonable in design, ensures can form hydraulic slope between adjacent two rows; 2., often arrange the determination of width so that flow section substantially can be covered for principle, measuring point should be arranged at dam foundation excavation outline line place, two sides, left and right, the impact around dam seepage flow can be reflected; 3., often in row the determination of dot spacing with the hydraulic slope of adjacent point-to-point transmission rationally for principle; 4., rectangular lattice is arranged in dam foundation downstream.
More preferably, rectangular lattice is arranged in close to toe position, because herein comparatively close to laminar flow regime, can guarantee measurement result more accurately.
Specifically, the concrete steps of two-dimensional flow field analytical calculation are carried out to underground water table as follows:
(1) underground water table, according to each piezometric tube recorded, obtains the seepage field in underground water-permeable layer, i.e. two groups of mutually orthogonal curves: water table contour and streamline;
(2), get two adjacent water table contour, the Region dividing in the middle of their is become some little rectangles, calculate wandering water in little rectangular area along the hydraulic slope of grain direction: in a pair water table contour of rectangular area, water level is respectively h
highand h
low, the length of side along grain direction is L
stream, be then J=(h by the hydraulic slope of this rectangular area
high-h
low)/L
stream;
(3), according to Darcy's law, seepage velocity V and hydraulic slope J is proportional, and scale-up factor k is the inherent characteristic of permeating medium material, calculates flow velocity accordingly: V=kJ;
(4), the depth H of rectangular area place pervious bed known when holing according to piezometric tube, in conjunction with the length of side L of water table contour
water, try to achieve flow section area: A=HL
water;
(5), in flow field by the flow of rectangular area scope be: Q=AV;
(6), repeat above step (1) ~ (5), after being superposed by the flow of all little rectangles between adjacent two water table contour, can total flow be obtained.
Further, method of the present invention also comprises step (7): water table contour has n root, then repeat above-mentioned steps (1) ~ (6) and n-1 result can be calculated, final flow rate monitoring and result of calculation get the mean value of n-1 result, thus reduce the error of calculation.
Again further, the present invention also comprises a visual robot calculator, while the required gross leak amount of acquisition, the seepage field on below earth's surface can also be simulated on the computer screen, intuitively to represent in whole flow field percolation path everywhere and size, particularly when flow increases, be easy to the weak area of Timeliness coverage, take specific aim measure.
Usefulness of the present invention is: earth-rock dam seepage amount monitoring of the present invention and the new method calculated are specially analytic method of flow field, be applicable to the water table aquifer seepage field situation of dam on deep pervious bed, include that monitoring variable is determined, point layout, measurement means and achievement computing method complete supporting, thoroughly breach traditional damming to catchment the difficult problem that measuring method cannot apply on deep pervious bed dam, method is simple and practical.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the principle schematic of seepage quantity calculation method of the present invention.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments, concrete introduction is done to the present invention.
Explanation of nouns:
(1), piezometric tube: observation of groundwater levels facility.From earth's surface to the boring of depths, stratum, places in hole and fix can be permeable pipe, thus in pipe, form the water column maintained an equal level with pipe week underground water table, put down measurement mechanism by the mouth of pipe and record and manage interior water column liquid level elevation, the underground water table of correspondence can be obtained.
(2), dive under water: the underground water with free-water level.
(3), seepage field: current pass through porous media flows, the spatial dimension containing circulating water formed in solids.
(4), water table contour: the curve that the point that seepage field middle water level is equal is linked to be, is similar to the level line in landform.
(5), streamline: the curve that the point that in seepage field, any one water particle passes through is linked to be, on this curve, the tangential of any place is all the flow velocity direction that current flow through this place.Streamline and water table contour are two mutually orthogonal suite lines.
(6), hydraulic slope: the water-head in water (flow) direction unit length.
The present invention calculates the seepage flow of earth and rockfill dam by the underground water table within the scope of monitoring infiltration field, first need rationally to layout to underground water level measurement, specific in the present invention, the cloth point mode of underground water level measurement is rectangular lattice, specialized designs is carried out according to seepage field range size, pervious bed permeance property, principle of design follows following 4 points: 1. lay along main water (flow) direction and be no less than three row's measuring points, trestle column is determined according to pervious bed water permeability, ensures can form suitable hydraulic slope between adjacent two rows; 2. often arrange the determination of width so that flow section substantially can be covered for principle, measuring point should be arranged at dam foundation excavation outline line place, two sides, left and right, the impact around dam seepage flow can be reflected; 3. often in row the determination of dot spacing with the hydraulic slope of adjacent point-to-point transmission rationally for principle, not excessive little only, can select according to the guidance of prior art; 4. rectangular lattice should be arranged in dam foundation downstream, as far as possible close to toe position (herein comparatively close to laminar flow regime).
After having layouted, by piezometric tube, underground water table is measured, the drilling depth of piezometric tube is suitable with the pervious bed degree of depth at position, place, in piezometric tube, water level measurement method adopts conventional lining rope or osmometer, the structure of piezometric tube and principle are proven technique already in prior art, needn't elaborate any further herein.
As shown in Figure 1, concrete steps are the computing method principle schematic of seepage flow:
(1) underground water table, according to piezometric tube each in rectangular lattice recorded, obtains the seepage field in underground water-permeable layer, and solving result is the mutually orthogonal curves of as shown in Figure 1 two groups: water table contour and streamline;
(2), get two adjacent water table contour, the Region dividing in the middle of their become some little rectangles (shadow region as in Fig. 1), calculate wandering water on this rectangular area along the hydraulic slope of grain direction:
In a pair water table contour of rectangular area, water level is respectively h
highand h
low, the length of side along grain direction is L
stream, be then J=(h by the hydraulic slope of this rectangular area
high-h
low)/L
stream;
(3), according to Darcy's law, seepage velocity V and hydraulic slope J is proportional, and scale-up factor k is the inherent characteristic of permeating medium material, calculates flow velocity accordingly: V=kJ;
(4), according to the depth H (being recorded by the piezometric tube of annex) of rectangular area place pervious bed and the length of side L of water table contour
water, try to achieve flow section area: A=HL
water;
(5), in flow field by the flow of rectangular area scope be then: Q=AV;
(6), repeat above step, after being superposed by the flow of all little rectangles between adjacent two water table contour, can total flow be obtained;
Obviously, the area of the little rectangle of segmentation is less, and quantity is more, total flow accuracy between the adjacent water table contour then obtained is higher, but evaluation work quantitative change can be caused large simultaneously, therefore, the area of little rectangle will rationally be split, and takes into account rational amount of calculation while guaranteeing accuracy in computation;
If the water table contour determined has n root, then repeat above-mentioned steps (1) ~ (6) n-1 result can be calculated (adjacent water table contour forms one group, n-1 combination can be had), can verify mutually between these results, the size of adjustment n, encryption/discrete water table contour spacing, can reduce/increase the difference between n-1 result, improve/reduce the degree of accuracy of final total flow result, correspondingly increase/reduce amount of calculation simultaneously;
(7), final flow rate monitoring and result of calculation get the mean value of n-1 result.
To sum up, method of the present invention is applicable to the flow monitoring of underground latent water layer seepage field, thoroughly breach traditional damming to catchment the difficult problem that measuring method cannot apply on deep pervious bed dam, can when underground percolation water cannot cause earth's surface, measure the underground water table distribution situation in seepage field, two-dimensional flow field analytical calculation is carried out to underground water table, on the basis obtaining flow field equipotential line and streamline, fluid field decomposition is become much little rectangular element and calculates respective flow, gross leak amount is tried to achieve after superposition, the error of monitoring and result of calculation finally can also be reduced by mean value computation.
In addition, flow field analysis part of the present invention can also be realized on robot calculator by visual programming, while the required gross leak amount of acquisition, the seepage field on below earth's surface can also be simulated on the computer screen, intuitively to represent in whole flow field percolation path everywhere and size, particularly when flow increases, be easy to the weak area of Timeliness coverage, take specific aim measure.
More than show and describe ultimate principle of the present invention, principal character and advantage.The technician of the industry should understand, and above-described embodiment does not limit the present invention in any form, the technical scheme that the mode that all employings are equal to replacement or equivalent transformation obtains, and all drops in protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. the analytic method of flow field of the monitoring of earth-rock dam seepage amount and calculating, is characterized in that, first measures the underground water table distribution situation in seepage field, then carries out two-dimensional flow field analytical calculation to underground water table, thus obtain the gross leak amount in flow field.
2. the analytic method of flow field of earth-rock dam seepage amount monitoring according to claim 1 and calculating, it is characterized in that, underground water table distribution situation is recorded by piezometric tube, and the cloth point mode of piezometric tube is rectangular lattice.
3. the analytic method of flow field of earth-rock dam seepage amount monitoring according to claim 2 and calculating, it is characterized in that, the principle of layouting of piezometric tube is: 1., along main water (flow) direction lay and be no less than three row's measuring points, trestle column is reasonable in design, ensures can form hydraulic slope between adjacent two rows; 2., often arrange the determination of width so that flow section substantially can be covered for principle, measuring point should be arranged at dam foundation excavation outline line place, two sides, left and right, the impact around dam seepage flow can be reflected; 3., often in row the determination of dot spacing with the hydraulic slope of adjacent point-to-point transmission rationally for principle; 4., rectangular lattice is arranged in dam foundation downstream close to toe position.
4. the earth-rock dam seepage amount monitoring according to any one of claim 1-3 and the analytic method of flow field calculated, it is characterized in that, the concrete steps of underground water table being carried out to two-dimensional flow field analytical calculation are as follows:
(1) underground water table, according to each piezometric tube recorded, obtains the seepage field in underground water-permeable layer, i.e. two groups of mutually orthogonal curves: water table contour and streamline;
(2), get two adjacent water table contour, the Region dividing in the middle of their is become some little rectangles, calculate wandering water in little rectangular area along the hydraulic slope of grain direction: in a pair water table contour of rectangular area, water level is respectively h
highand h
low, the length of side along grain direction is L
stream, be then J=(h by the hydraulic slope of this rectangular area
high-h
low)/L
stream;
(3), according to Darcy's law, seepage velocity V and hydraulic slope J is proportional, and scale-up factor k is the inherent characteristic of permeating medium material, calculates flow velocity accordingly: V=kJ;
(4), the depth H of rectangular area place pervious bed known when holing according to piezometric tube, in conjunction with the length of side L of water table contour
water, try to achieve flow section area: A=HL
water;
(5), in flow field by the flow of rectangular area scope be: Q=AV;
(6), repeat above step (1) ~ (5), after being superposed by the flow of all little rectangles between adjacent two water table contour, can total flow be obtained.
5. the analytic method of flow field of earth-rock dam seepage amount monitoring according to claim 4 and calculating, it is characterized in that, also comprise step (7): water table contour has n root, then repeat above-mentioned steps (1) ~ (6) and can calculate n-1 result, final flow rate monitoring and result of calculation get the mean value of n-1 result.
6. the analytic method of flow field of earth-rock dam seepage amount monitoring according to claim 5 and calculating, is characterized in that, also comprise a visual robot calculator.
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| CN106436634A (en) * | 2016-10-14 | 2017-02-22 | 山东康威通信技术股份有限公司 | Overflow quantity calculation method for rubber dam |
| CN107190765A (en) * | 2017-04-26 | 2017-09-22 | 中国电建集团西北勘测设计研究院有限公司 | A kind of Seepage Safety evaluation method based on hydraulic slope method |
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| CN110441275A (en) * | 2019-08-13 | 2019-11-12 | 陈俊 | The water pumping experiment of vertical grouting curtain defective locations determines system and method |
| CN112254764A (en) * | 2020-10-16 | 2021-01-22 | 湖南工程学院 | System and method for rapidly positioning and monitoring dam leakage channel |
| CN113378402A (en) * | 2021-06-28 | 2021-09-10 | 中国电建集团成都勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Method for detecting leakage of deep covering layer riverbed dam |
| CN113866066A (en) * | 2021-10-26 | 2021-12-31 | 贵州乌江水电开发有限责任公司东风发电厂 | Three-dimensional visual hydropower station underground powerhouse hole seepage monitoring method and system |
| CN114659960A (en) * | 2022-03-21 | 2022-06-24 | 义乌市安迪水利水电勘测设计股份有限公司 | Hydraulic engineering seepage flow intelligent monitoring system |
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| CN106436634A (en) * | 2016-10-14 | 2017-02-22 | 山东康威通信技术股份有限公司 | Overflow quantity calculation method for rubber dam |
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| CN113866066A (en) * | 2021-10-26 | 2021-12-31 | 贵州乌江水电开发有限责任公司东风发电厂 | Three-dimensional visual hydropower station underground powerhouse hole seepage monitoring method and system |
| CN113866066B (en) * | 2021-10-26 | 2023-11-03 | 贵州乌江水电开发有限责任公司东风发电厂 | Three-dimensional visual hydropower station underground powerhouse chamber water seepage monitoring method and system |
| CN114659960A (en) * | 2022-03-21 | 2022-06-24 | 义乌市安迪水利水电勘测设计股份有限公司 | Hydraulic engineering seepage flow intelligent monitoring system |
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Free format text: CORRECT: INVENTOR; FROM: PAN LIN LING QI SONG YONGZHAN ZHOU YE CUI GANG CHEN JUNSHENG ZHOU XIAOCHUN HAN SHIDONG TO: PAN LIN KONG FANCHANG LING QI SONG YONGZHAN ZHOU YE CUI GANG CHEN JUNSHENG ZHOU XIAOCHUN HAN SHIDONG XI HAISHENG ZHU JUNQING |
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