CN106032754A - Coal mining water prevention and control method based on groundwater flow velocity and flow direction measurement - Google Patents

Coal mining water prevention and control method based on groundwater flow velocity and flow direction measurement Download PDF

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Publication number
CN106032754A
CN106032754A CN201610334128.0A CN201610334128A CN106032754A CN 106032754 A CN106032754 A CN 106032754A CN 201610334128 A CN201610334128 A CN 201610334128A CN 106032754 A CN106032754 A CN 106032754A
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water
boring
bearing layer
coal
target
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CN106032754B (en
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李涛
王苏健
陈通
薛卫峰
韩磊
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Shaanxi Coal and Chemical Technology Institute Co Ltd
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Shaanxi Coal and Chemical Technology Institute Co Ltd
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21C—MINING OR QUARRYING
    • E21C41/00—Methods of underground or surface mining; Layouts therefor
    • E21C41/16—Methods of underground mining; Layouts therefor
    • E21C41/18—Methods of underground mining; Layouts therefor for brown or hard coal
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
    • E21F16/00—Drainage
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V9/00—Prospecting or detecting by methods not provided for in groups G01V1/00 - G01V8/00
    • G01V9/02—Determining existence or flow of underground water

Abstract

The invention provides a coal mining water prevention and control method based on groundwater flow velocity and flow direction measurement. The method includes the following steps that 1, in a predetermined coal exploration process, the geodetic coordinate and orifice elevation of each drill hole are measured, after drilling is conducted till target water-bearing stratums are reached, the target water-bearing stratum in each drill hole is subjected to static water level elevation measurement, and then thickness and the water head height of the water-bearing stratum are obtained; 2, the flow velocity and flow direction of the target water-bearing stratum in each drill hole are measured, and the watershed of the water-bearing stratums is determined according to the flow directions of the target water-bearing stratums of all the drill holes; 3, the hydraulic slope of the target water-bearing stratum in each drill hole is obtained, and the osmotic coefficient of the target water-bearing stratum in each drill hole is determined according to the hydraulic slope; 4, water abundant areas of the water-bearing stratums in a mine lot are determined, coal resources in a non water abundant area are exploited in the first place, and then the coal resources in the water abundant areas are exploited.

Description

A kind of anti-method of harnessing the river of coal mining measured based on groundwater velocity and direction
[technical field]
The present invention relates to a kind of anti-method of harnessing the river of coal mining, particularly relate to the coal mining preventing and treating measured based on groundwater velocity and direction Water method.
[background technology]
Coal in China exploitation is generally threatened by water damage, and current water damage is the second largest disaster being only second to Gas Disaster.The coal that water damage is serious Ore deposit, water damage usually can cause casualties and large amounts of economic loss.Therefore, coal mining engineering must carry out water damage preventing and treating Work.At present, the group method step of water damage preventing and treating carries out single sample formula on the whole initially with probing and physical prospecting in mining area Regional exploration, then designs the work surface of coal mining in the achievement of regional exploration, carries out further at the work surface designed Detecting in detail, the result that last foundation is detected in detail carries out coal-face water damage preventing and controlling.Main existing problems have:
1) drill section of work is detected in region, it is impossible to each boring carries out hydraulics model test, the Regional Hydrologic information therefore obtained The deficientest, often it is not enough to instruct next step work surface to design.And further substantial amounts of probing work is inadvisable economically 's.
2) the physical prospecting part of work is detected in region, although can be low with the wide still precision of control area, it is impossible to quantitatively obtain hydrographic information, Doubtful district can only be detected out, often there is the problems such as omission.
3) coal mine work area designs owing to front term area detects the uncertainty of work, it tends to be difficult to appropriate design work surface reaches The purpose of regional control water damage so that it is the most passive that the preventing and treating water conservancy project of final step is made.
4) the water damage preventing and controlling of coal-face, are limited by and above detect Result Precision problem, often huge the preventing of Meteorological Harness the river funds, cannot guarantee that not occurring of water damage.
[summary of the invention]
The present invention is to solve the problems referred to above, it is provided that a kind of anti-method of harnessing the river of coal mining measured based on groundwater velocity and direction.
A kind of anti-method of harnessing the river of coal mining measured based on groundwater velocity and direction, comprises the following steps:
(1) during carrying out set coal exploration, measuring geodetic coordinates and the aperture absolute altitude of each boring, boring is to target Behind water-bearing layer, target water-bearing layer in each boring is carried out hydrostatic level level measurement, then obtain thickness and the head height in water-bearing layer；
(2) measure flow velocity and the flow direction in target water-bearing layer in each boring, determine according to the flow direction in all drilling target water-bearing layers and contain The watershed of water layer；
(3) result according to step (2) obtains the hydraulic gradient in each drilling target water-bearing layer, determines often according to this hydraulic gradient The infiltration coefficient in individual drilling target water-bearing layer, the ratio that infiltration coefficient is flow velocity and hydraulic gradient in described drilling target water-bearing layer；
(4) determine the hydrous fluids in internal object water-bearing layer, mining area, first exploit non-hydrous fluids coal resources, then exploit hydrous fluids coal money Source.
To have the basal water of threat as target water-bearing layer to mining, during boring, first construct to the target aquifer floor elevation degree of depth, After uniform flow flows to measure, it is further continued for creeping into seat earth, and records seat earth absolute altitude.
Before measuring flow rate and direction, first boring is carried out well-flushing, make target water-bearing layer proper flow in boring, then in boring Different depth gathers photo, and in different depth, the meansigma methods of the measurement result that particle motion is the most consistent is as the flow velocity of this boring And the flow direction.
In the measurement result fathomed, weeding out outlier, described outlier refers to: the measurement result selected with each boring Average value more than 10%.
During measuring flow velocity and flowing to, if finding, in target water-bearing layer, impurity is more, then the aluminum sulfate using 5%～20% is wadding Solidifying agent, puts into boring.
In described step (2), the determination method in watershed is: the stream the flowing to result boring that on prospecting network two adjacent measured To reverse extending wire clamp angle, its midpoint is found out in two borings more than or equal to 90 °, each midpoint that the roundest and the most smooth connection is found out, Connecting line is watershed；With watershed, boundary line, mining area with to divide the hydrogeology in mining area sub-single excretion or contour of recharge naturally Unit.
The determination method of the hydraulic gradient in described each drilling target water-bearing layer is: the target water-bearing layer first finding out each boring flows to Another boring that in projection, this boring of distance is nearest is as to hole, if holing without other on projecting direction, then chooses same hydrology ground Boring closest in matter subunit as to hole, this boring and to the absolute value of the hole water level stake discrepancy in elevation and to plan range between hole Ratio be hydraulic gradient.
The determination method of described hydrous fluids and non-hydrous fluids is: according to the borehole coordinate in each hydrogeology subunit and infiltration coefficient Draw the isogram of mining area target AQUIFER HYDRAULIC, with set contour 10-4Cm/s is boundary, more than or equal to the district of this value Territory is hydrous fluids, be less than for non-hydrous fluids.
The recovery method of described non-hydrous fluids is: carries out set physical prospecting engineering and irises out on coal-face and the rich water exception of periphery District, uses drilling project that target water-bearing layer is carried out spy for rich water exceptions area and puts, then exploit this district's coal；In hydrous fluids upstream Non-hydrous fluids visit when putting hydrous fluids direction regardless of whether have that rich water is abnormal the most all to be implemented leting speeper boring and discharge water.
The recovery method of described hydrous fluids is: carries out set physical prospecting engineering and irises out on coal-face and the rich water exceptions area of periphery, It is more than or equal to 10 for rich water exceptions area and coefficient of permeability K-3The region of cm/s all carries out probing and discharges water, the draining of the immersible pump of outfit Ability Q is according to calculated below:
(1) if water-bearing layer is phreatic aquifer, then according to below equation calculating drainability:
Q = 1.2 ( 1.366 K m a x ( 2 H - S ) S l g R - l g r ) ;
(2) if water-bearing layer is pressure-bearing turns diving, then according to below equation calculating drainability:
Q = 1.2 ( 1.366 K m a x ( 2 H - M ) M - h 0 2 l g R - l g r ) ;
(3) if water-bearing layer is artesian aquifer, then according to below equation calculating drainability:
Q = 1.2 ( 2.73 K m a x M S lg R - lg r ) ;
Wherein, KmaxFor the maximum of drilling target AQUIFER HYDRAULIC each on coal-face, S is this water-bearing layer of seam mining The drawdown of water level, R is citation impact radius,R for quoting radius, r=η × (a+b)/4, a, b For length and the width of coal-face, η is form factor, h0For residual water head height, H is that the head in target water-bearing layer is high Degree, M is target water-bearing layer thickness.
Compared with prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention is: the inventive method, in recovery process, first measures each brill The flow velocity in target water-bearing layer, hole and the flow direction, then determine watershed, hydraulic gradient, infiltration coefficient etc. with this flow velocity and the flow direction, use Flow velocity stay to measure hydrologic parameter density greatly, more accurate, it is possible to instruct the Predicting The Hydraulic Discharge In Mine Shaft of each coal-face.
[accompanying drawing explanation]
Fig. 1 is the flow chart of the present invention.
[detailed description of the invention]
As it is shown in figure 1, a kind of anti-method of harnessing the river of coal mining measured based on groundwater velocity and direction, comprise the steps:
Step one: carry out set coal exploration engineering.Coal exploration engineering is that 1000m × 1000m explores grid arrangement or closeer, The aperture of each boring utilizes the Instrument measuring such as total powerstation, GPS each boring geodetic coordinates and aperture absolute altitude.When generally investigating according to mining area Hydrogeologic data, determine there is the basal water of threat to mining, be set to target water-bearing layer, first boring constructed to target and contained The degree of depth of water layer base plate, if having other water-bearing layers, setting of casing sealing above target water-bearing layer.
Step 2: target water-bearing layer in each boring is carried out hydrostatic level level measurement.Meanwhile, obtain aqueous according to log sheet Layer thickness M and head height H in target water-bearing layer.
Step 3: target water-bearing layer in each boring is carried out flow rate and direction mensuration.Before observation, boring is carried out well-flushing so that Target water-bearing layer is proper flow in boring.Use and existing carry out with the colloidal particles of ground water movement in a large number in underground reservoir Amplification is taken pictures, and is aided with magnetic flux gate compass and carries out orientation, is added up by granule movable information in a large amount of water-bearing layers, and then really Set the goal the flow velocity in water-bearing layer and the flow direction.Its concrete operation method is first to put photographing probe to carry out once to target water-bearing layer Measure, promote target water-bearing layer 8-12% thickness the most every time, preferably use the height of 10% thickness once measure (if mesh Mark water-bearing layer thickness is not more than 10m and promotes 1m until distance water-bearing layer liquid level is less than 1m the most every time), from the survey of above-mentioned different depth Amount result in select the measurement result that particle motion is the most consistent, record this each granule the direction of motion (positive north is 0 °, Measured value is 0 °～360 °) and speed (obtaining according to particle motion trajectory), the outlier in the measurement result of this degree of depth is picked Except (average value more than 10% of all of statistical value in measurement result selected with each boring is set to outlier), reject After the meansigma methods of measurement result statistical value as the flow velocity in target water-bearing layer and the flow direction.If it addition, impurity is more in target water-bearing layer Impact observation, the aluminum sulfate using concentration to be 5%～20% is flocculant, puts into and holes, thus convenient observation.After having observed, Set coal exploration boring continues to creep into seat earth, and records seat earth absolute altitude.
Step 4: flow to measurement result to find out the watershed of underground reservoir according to all drilling target water-bearing layers.Its method Be on prospecting network two adjacent borings are measured flow to result flow to the reverse extending wire clamp angle two brills more than or equal to 90 ° Its midpoint is found out in hole, and each midpoint that the roundest and the most smooth connection is found out, connecting line is watershed.With watershed, boundary line, mining area The hydrogeology dividing mining area with excretion naturally or contour of recharge (obtaining nature by field exploration to drain or contour of recharge) is sub-single Unit.
Step 5: obtain hydraulic gradient I in each drilling target water-bearing layer.Acquisition methods: first find out the target of each boring Water-bearing layer flows to another nearest boring of upper this boring of distance of projection as to hole, if holing without other on projecting direction, then chooses Boring closest in same hydrogeology subunit is as to hole.This boring and to the absolute value of the hole water level stake discrepancy in elevation with to hole it Between the ratio of plan range (by the coordinate in hole is asked for plan range) be hydraulic gradient I.
Step 6: obtain the coefficient of permeability K in each drilling target water-bearing layer.In each hydrogeology subunit, flow velocity V ratio Upper hydraulic gradient I is the coefficient of permeability K in drilling target water-bearing layer.
Step 7: find out the hydrous fluids in internal object water-bearing layer, mining area.According to each hydrogeology subunit in borehole coordinate and ooze COEFFICIENT K draws the isogram of mining area target AQUIFER HYDRAULIC K thoroughly, with set contour 10-4Cm/s is boundary, is more than Be hydrous fluids in the region of this value, be less than for non-hydrous fluids, it is preferred to use surfer software is determined.
Step 8: first exploit the non-hydrous fluids coal resources in mining area.The anti-method of harnessing the river of its exploitation is to carry out set physical prospecting engineering to iris out On coal-face and the rich water exceptions area of periphery, uses drilling project that target water-bearing layer is carried out spy for rich water exceptions area and puts, so This district's coal of rear exploitation.It addition, to hydrous fluids direction regardless of whether there is rich water abnormal all when the non-hydrous fluids spy in hydrous fluids upstream is put Implement leting speeper boring to discharge water.
Step 9: after non-hydrous fluids coal mining, carry out hydrous fluids coal mining.Its anti-method of harnessing the river of exploitation be carry out set Physical prospecting engineering is irised out on coal-face and the rich water exceptions area of periphery, is more than or equal to for rich water exceptions area and coefficient of permeability K 10-3The region of cm/s all carries out probing and discharges water.It addition, be equipped with one group of immersible pump, its drainability should be Q, if its computational methods It is that the set formula of phreatic aquifer (1), pressure-bearing turn diving set formula (2) and the set formula of artesian aquifer (3).
Q = 1.2 ( 1.366 K m a x ( 2 H - S ) S lg R - lg r ) - - - ( 1 )
Q = 1.2 ( 1.366 K m a x ( 2 H - M ) M - h 0 2 l g R - l g r ) - - - ( 2 )
Q = 1.2 ( 2.73 K m a x M S lg R - lg r ) - - - ( 3 )
Wherein, KmaxMaximum for drilling target AQUIFER HYDRAULIC each on coal-face；S is that this is aqueous for seam mining The drawdown of layer water level, is obtained by water level actual measurement after seam mining.R is citation impact radius,R is Quoting radius, r=η × (a+b)/4, wherein a, b are length and the width of coal-face, and η is form factor, typically Take 1.12.h0For residual water head height, obtained by water level actual measurement after seam mining.
Step 10: on the basis of above-mentioned zone is detected and put with work surface spy, reasonable selection downhole drainage pump, with coal The process of exploitation, the water gushed out can be discharged in time by water pump, water bursting disaster not occur, it is achieved safe coal is efficiently opened Adopt.
Operation logic:
In conventional set coal exploration engineering, hydrology boring is the most rare, and the hydrographic information therefore obtained is the deficientest, it is impossible to greatly The anti-riparian work of coal mining is instructed on region.The mensuration of target water-bearing layer flow rate and direction in boring is the most easily implemented, each boring Obtain the flow velocity in target water-bearing layer especially and flow to the multidate information that this conventional survey can not obtain (wherein flow velocity and the flow direction depend on According to existing technical limit spacing, i.e. granule in water is quickly imaged, determine the flow direction, motion rail according to the track of granule motion in shooting Mark is flow velocity with the business of time, because the granule motion in water body is main by Groundwater Flow control, but also has the impact of other factors, Therefore the meansigma methods of substantial amounts of observation is used as flow velocity and the measurement result of the flow direction), the multidate information of acquisition has well divided water Literary composition geology subunit, when so preventing hydrogeological information one-tenth figure, lump together in region without hydraulic connection originally so that hydrographic information Inaccurate.Owing to underground reservoir is inhomogeneous, mostly the existing hydrologic parameter for prediction work face water yield is low volume data Calculate and come, not accurate enough, use flow velocity stay to measure hydrologic parameter density greatly, more accurate, it is possible to instruct each coal-getter Make the Predicting The Hydraulic Discharge In Mine Shaft in face.It addition, there is certain error in the physical prospecting engineering of routine so that miss hydrous fluids, therefore combine Hydrologic parameter divide as a result, it is possible to reduce error rate, reduce mine and dash forward retention of excessive fluid accident.
The inventive method the most easily implements, without extra a large amount of engineerings, save time and cost；Pin is just had in the regional exploration stage Property is prevented and treated water damage so that preventing and controlling are actively；Greatly reduce the generation of water damage, ensure person life security and reduce economic damage Lose；Work surface is specifically prevented and treated water conservancy project and is made targetedly, to decrease workload and working time.
Application example:
Certain ore deposit exploitation 2-2Number coal, has a Quaternary aquifer to threaten coal mining above this coal seam, use following steps to implement base Coal mining in the anti-riparian work that groundwater velocity and direction measures:
Step one: carry out set coal exploration engineering.Coal exploration engineering is that 1000m × 1000m explores grid arrangement, each The aperture of boring utilizes the Instrument measuring such as total powerstation, GPS each boring geodetic coordinates and aperture absolute altitude, the most several boring the earth to sit Mark and aperture absolute altitude such as following table.Hydrogeologic data when generally investigating according to mining area, the 4th is that loose aquifer determines that coal mining is had threat Basal water, be set to target water-bearing layer, first boring construct to the degree of depth of target aquifer floor elevation, is 5～40m, and the 4th is Other water-bearing layers are not had, it is not necessary to setting of casing sealing on water-bearing layer.
Step 2: target water-bearing layer in each boring is carried out hydrostatic level level measurement.Meanwhile, contain according to log sheet acquisition Water layer thickness M is 5～40m and head height H in target water-bearing layer is 3.5～37.2m.
Step 3: target water-bearing layer in each boring is carried out flow rate and direction mensuration.Before observation, boring is carried out well-flushing, makes Obtain target water-bearing layer proper flow in boring.Use existing to enter with the colloidal particles of ground water movement in a large number in underground reservoir Row amplification is taken pictures, and is aided with magnetic flux gate compass and carries out orientation, is added up by granule movable information in a large amount of water-bearing layers, and then Determine flow velocity and the flow direction in target water-bearing layer.Its concrete operation method is first to put photographing probe to target water-bearing layer to carry out one Secondary mensuration, the height the most every time promoting target water-bearing layer 10% thickness once measures (the wherein target water-bearing layer of 4 borings Thickness is not more than 10m, promotes 1m every time, until distance water-bearing layer liquid level is less than 1m), from the measurement result of above-mentioned different depth Selecting the measurement result that particle motion is the most consistent, (positive north is 0 °, measured value to record the direction of motion of this each granule It is 0 °～360 °) and speed (obtaining according to particle motion trajectory), the outlier in the measurement result of this degree of depth is rejected (every Outlier 13～129 are rejected in individual boring), the meansigma methods of the measurement result after rejecting as the flow velocity in target water-bearing layer and the flow direction, its Result such as following table.If it addition, impurity more impact observation in target water-bearing layer, the aluminum sulfate using concentration to be 5%～20% is flocculation Agent, puts into boring, thus conveniently observes.After having observed, set coal exploration boring continues to creep into seat earth, and remembers Record seat earth absolute altitude.
Step 4: flow to measurement result to find out the watershed of underground reservoir according to all drilling target water-bearing layers.Its method Be on prospecting network two adjacent borings are measured flow to result flow to the reverse extending wire clamp angle two brills more than or equal to 90 ° Its midpoint is found out in hole, and each midpoint that the roundest and the most smooth connection is found out, connecting line is watershed.With watershed, boundary line, mining area The hydrogeology dividing mining area with excretion naturally or contour of recharge (obtaining nature by field exploration to drain or contour of recharge) is sub-single Unit, this marks off 3 hydrogeological subunits altogether.
Step 5: obtain hydraulic gradient I in each drilling target water-bearing layer.Acquisition methods: first find out the target of each boring Water-bearing layer flows to another nearest boring of upper this boring of distance of projection as to hole, if holing without other on projecting direction, then chooses Boring closest in same hydrogeology subunit is as to hole.This boring and to the absolute value of the hole water level stake discrepancy in elevation with to hole it Between the ratio of plan range (by the coordinate in hole is asked for plan range) be hydraulic gradient I, this engineering hydraulic gradient is 0.006～0.035.
Step 6: obtain the coefficient of permeability K in each drilling target water-bearing layer.In each hydrogeology subunit, flow velocity V ratio It is 5.3 × 10 that upper hydraulic gradient I is the coefficient of permeability K in drilling target water-bearing layer-2～8.1 × 10-6cm/s。
Step 7: find out the hydrous fluids in internal object water-bearing layer, mining area.Use surfer software, according to each hydrogeology subunit Interior borehole coordinate and coefficient of permeability K draw the isogram of mining area target AQUIFER HYDRAULIC K.With set contour 10-4Cm/s is boundary, is hydrous fluids more than or equal to the region of this value, be less than for non-hydrous fluids.
Step 8: first exploit the non-hydrous fluids coal resources in mining area.The anti-method of harnessing the river of its exploitation is to carry out set physical prospecting engineering to iris out On coal-face and the rich water exceptions area of periphery, uses drilling project that target water-bearing layer is carried out spy for rich water exceptions area and puts, so This district's coal of rear exploitation.It addition, to hydrous fluids direction regardless of whether there is rich water abnormal all when the non-hydrous fluids spy in hydrous fluids upstream is put Implement leting speeper boring to discharge water.
Step 9: after non-hydrous fluids coal mining, carry out hydrous fluids coal mining.Its anti-method of harnessing the river of exploitation be carry out set Physical prospecting engineering is irised out on coal-face and the rich water exceptions area of periphery, is more than or equal to for rich water exceptions area and coefficient of permeability K 10-3The region of cm/s all carries out probing and discharges water.It addition, be equipped with one group of immersible pump, its drainability Q is 88.3～221m3/ h, its If computational methods phreatic aquifer is with set formula (1).
Q = 1.2 ( 1.366 K m a x ( 2 H - S ) S lg R - lg r ) - - - ( 1 )
Wherein, KmaxMaximum for drilling target AQUIFER HYDRAULIC each on coal-face；S is that this is aqueous for seam mining The drawdown of layer water level, is obtained by water level actual measurement after seam mining.R is citation impact radius,R is Quoting radius, r=η × (a+b)/4, wherein a, b are length and the width of coal-face, and η is form factor, typically Take 1.12.h0For residual water head height, obtained by water level actual measurement after seam mining.
Step 10: on the basis of above-mentioned zone is detected and put with work surface spy, it is efficient that reasonable selection downhole drainage pump realizes safe coal , there is not water bursting disaster in exploitation.

Claims (10)

1. the anti-method of harnessing the river of coal mining measured based on groundwater velocity and direction, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps:
(1) during carrying out set coal exploration, measure geodetic coordinates and the aperture absolute altitude of each boring, hole aqueous to target After Ceng, target water-bearing layer in each boring is carried out hydrostatic level level measurement, then obtain thickness and the head height in water-bearing layer；
(2) measure flow velocity and the flow direction in target water-bearing layer in each boring, determine water-bearing layer according to the flow direction in all drilling target water-bearing layers Watershed；
(3) result according to step (2) obtains the hydraulic gradient in each drilling target water-bearing layer, determines each brill according to this hydraulic gradient The infiltration coefficient in target water-bearing layer, hole, the ratio that infiltration coefficient is flow velocity and hydraulic gradient in described drilling target water-bearing layer；
(4) determine the hydrous fluids in internal object water-bearing layer, mining area, first exploit non-hydrous fluids coal resources, then exploit hydrous fluids coal resources.
A kind of anti-method of harnessing the river of coal mining measured based on groundwater velocity and direction the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: To have the basal water of threat as target water-bearing layer to mining, during boring, first construct to the target aquifer floor elevation degree of depth, etc. After flow rate and direction has measured, it is further continued for creeping into seat earth, and records seat earth absolute altitude.
A kind of anti-method of harnessing the river of coal mining measured based on groundwater velocity and direction the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: Before measuring flow rate and direction, first boring is carried out well-flushing, make target water-bearing layer proper flow in boring, then in the difference of boring The degree of depth gathers photo, and in different depth, the meansigma methods of the measurement result that particle motion is the most consistent is as the flow velocity of this boring and stream To.
A kind of anti-method of harnessing the river of coal mining measured based on groundwater velocity and direction the most according to claim 3, it is characterised in that: In the measurement result fathomed, weeding out outlier, described outlier refers to: the measurement result selected with each boring average Value difference more than 10%.
5. according to a kind of anti-method of harnessing the river of coal mining measured based on groundwater velocity and direction described in claim 3 or 4, its feature Being: during measuring flow velocity and flowing to, if finding, in target water-bearing layer, impurity is more, then the aluminum sulfate of employing 5%～20% is Flocculant, puts into boring.
A kind of anti-method of harnessing the river of coal mining measured based on groundwater velocity and direction the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that In described step (2), the determination method in watershed is: the flow direction the flowing to result boring that on prospecting network two adjacent measured is anti- Its midpoint is found out to two borings more than or equal to 90 ° of the extended line angle, each midpoint that the roundest and the most smooth connection is found out, connect Line is watershed；With watershed, boundary line, mining area with excretion or contour of recharge divide the hydrogeological subunit in mining area naturally.
A kind of anti-method of harnessing the river of coal mining measured based on groundwater velocity and direction the most according to claim 6, it is characterised in that The determination method of the hydraulic gradient in described each drilling target water-bearing layer is: the target water-bearing layer first finding out each boring flows to projection On apart from nearest another boring of this boring as to hole, if holing without other on projecting direction, then choose same hydrogeology sub- Boring closest in unit as to hole, this boring and to the absolute value of the hole water level stake discrepancy in elevation and to the ratio of plan range between hole Value is hydraulic gradient.
A kind of anti-method of harnessing the river of coal mining measured based on groundwater velocity and direction the most according to claim 6, it is characterised in that The determination method of described hydrous fluids and non-hydrous fluids is: draw according to the borehole coordinate in each hydrogeology subunit and infiltration coefficient The isogram of mining area target AQUIFER HYDRAULIC, with set contour 10-4Cm/s is boundary, more than or equal to the region of this value is Hydrous fluids, be less than for non-hydrous fluids.
A kind of anti-method of harnessing the river of coal mining measured based on groundwater velocity and direction the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that The recovery method of described non-hydrous fluids is: carries out set physical prospecting engineering and irises out on coal-face and the rich water exceptions area of periphery, pin Use drilling project that target water-bearing layer is carried out spy rich water exceptions area to put, then exploit this district's coal；Non-lipid in hydrous fluids upstream To hydrous fluids direction regardless of whether there is rich water abnormal the most all enforcement leting speeper boring to discharge water when pool spy is put.
A kind of anti-method of harnessing the river of coal mining measured based on groundwater velocity and direction the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that The recovery method of described hydrous fluids is: carries out set physical prospecting engineering and irises out on coal-face and the rich water exceptions area of periphery, for Rich water exceptions area and coefficient of permeability K are more than or equal to 10-3The region of cm/s all carries out probing and discharges water, the drainability of the immersible pump of outfit Q is according to calculated below:
(1) if water-bearing layer is phreatic aquifer, then according to below equation calculating drainability:
Q = 1.2 ( 1.366 K m a x ( 2 H - S ) S lg R - lg r ) ;
(2) if water-bearing layer is pressure-bearing turns diving, then according to below equation calculating drainability:
Q = 1.2 ( 1.366 K m a x ( 2 H - M ) M - h 0 2 lg R - lg r ) ;
(3) if water-bearing layer is artesian aquifer, then according to below equation calculating drainability:
Q = 1.2 ( 2.73 K m a x M S lg R - lg r ) ;
Wherein, KmaxFor the maximum of drilling target AQUIFER HYDRAULIC each on coal-face, S is this water-bearing layer water level of seam mining Drawdown, R is citation impact radius,R is for quoting radius, and r=η × (a+b)/4, a, b are for adopting The length of coal work surface is with wide, and η is form factor, h0For residual water head height, H is the head height in target water-bearing layer, M For target water-bearing layer thickness.
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