CN106437844A - Method for advanced forecast of tunnel water inflow position - Google Patents
Method for advanced forecast of tunnel water inflow position Download PDFInfo
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- CN106437844A CN106437844A CN201610946632.6A CN201610946632A CN106437844A CN 106437844 A CN106437844 A CN 106437844A CN 201610946632 A CN201610946632 A CN 201610946632A CN 106437844 A CN106437844 A CN 106437844A
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F17/00—Methods or devices for use in mines or tunnels, not covered elsewhere
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F30/00—Computer-aided design [CAD]
- G06F30/20—Design optimisation, verification or simulation
- G06F30/23—Design optimisation, verification or simulation using finite element methods [FEM] or finite difference methods [FDM]
Abstract
The invention relates to a method for advanced forecast of a tunnel water inflow position. The method comprises the following steps: firstly measuring the flow rate and the flow direction of underground water at any space point in an underground water seepage field by utilizing a single well isotope tracer method, then establishing a concept model, deducing the rough water inflow position and the water inflow through mathematics deduction, finally performing local temperature measurement and drilling and obtaining the accurate water inflow position according to the temperature effect of the underground water on a rock body. The method provided by the invention has the benefits that the accuracy is high, the workload is reduced, and the effect of human factors is avoided; meanwhile, the method is not affected by tunnel construction and also has no effect on the tunnel construction, and the tunnel forecast efficiency is improved.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of tunnel construction, is related to a kind of Techniques for Geological Prediction of Tunnels, and in particular to
A kind of method of advanced prediction Tunnel Gushing position.
Background technology
At present in various geological advanced prediction methods, the forecast to water still lacks effective means.To Tunnel Gushing position
The main technique methods that forecast is adopted include：Interface location combines geology analytic process, infrared detecting set and visits water law, geological radar spy
Water law is visited in water law, rock temperature gradient method and drilling.
Wherein, interface location is used except probing method, advance heading method, parallel advance heading method with reference to geology analytic process
Various geologic prediction methods in addition determine construction front of tunnel heading interface location, according to geologic survey result inside and outside Tunnel,
Analysis determines that between tunnel (hole) construction front of tunnel heading interface, medium is led, the probability of water storage, sends out in front of prediction interface and interface
The probability of raw retention of excessive fluid.This method has relatively to the experience and the actual Grasping level to the hydrogeology of this area of forecasting personnel
High requirement, and not accurate enough.
It is that the infrared radiation field for being produced using body of groundwater carries out water body detection extremely that water law visited by infrared detecting set, can be to enclosing
Whether rock rock mass is effective containing water, but not can determine that water content size, and by construction infection in Tunnel, to big strand retention of excessive fluid
Significant reaction, reacts unobvious to little strand retention of excessive fluid.
Geological radar is visited water law and using water, rock difference in dielectric constant, water body present in rock mass is detected, with non-
Often high resolution, but forecast distance is shorter, is easily disturbed by Tunnel inner machine and pipeline.
Rock temperature gradient method be according to tunnel present position, survey rock temperature change curve with according to tunnel location area ground
The comparison of the tunnel present position rock temperature change curve that warm gradient calculation is obtained, carries out tunnel construction tunnel face front water burst
Prediction.The method is using rock temperature and REGIONAL GEOTHERMAL gradient, the heat conductivity of formation rock, developmental joint fissure distribution
The relation for circulating situation of state and subsoil water in rock mass, obtains Rock Mass temperature curve, so as to forecasting water body
Or the position of water content.This method can avoid impact of the constructing tunnel to rock temperature test result, exclude anthropic factor,
Noiseless to tunnel face surface construction.
It is directly to visit water that water law is visited in drilling, obvious to bedrock hole gap crevice water effect.But karst water and surface water are had directly
The fabulous fault belt retention of excessive fluid of transmissibility for connecing contact is that have larger drilling retention of excessive fluid risk.
Isotope for single well tracer log, be develop in the world in recent years a kind of quick faster, economical, accurately and efficiently
Hydrogeological new loging technology.Because it can obtain the hydrogeological parameter more than bailing test, and be subject to hydrogeological boundary
Popular welcome.The measuring instrument of the method without labelling cable, the depth automatic recognition system in probe by all measurement results with
The depth of measurement together, is sent in the notebook computer on ground, and measuring instrument can intelligently determine Analysis of Ground-water Seepage Field
The seepage velocity flow direction of the subsurface flow of arbitrary spatial point, vertical flow rate and direction etc..
Really qualitative mathematics model method is reason using aspects such as hydraulics, underground water dynamics to Tunnel Seepage Prediction
By by mathematics deduction, deriving Tunnel Seepage with environmental subsurface water level, country rock permeability, recharge of ground water scope, supply
The quantitative relationship of the factors such as time, draws series of theories or experience analytic formula, to predict the water yield for calculating tunnel.Initially
For simple hydrogeology analogy method；Use underground water dynamics principle later, generate analytic method again；With electronic computer
Development, developed recently becomes numerical method.
In view of the above-mentioned technological deficiency of prior art, in the urgent need to developing a kind of new side of research Tunnel Gushing location prediction
Method.
Content of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is efficiently to solve the problems, such as that Tunnel Gushing forecasts, overcomes existing technical disadvantages, provides one
Kind accurately, on the premise of site operation is not affected obtains physical model by carrying out inverting to existing observation data, so as to
The method of prediction water burst position.
To achieve these goals, the present invention provides following technical scheme：A kind of side of advanced prediction Tunnel Gushing position
Method, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
(1), the hydrogeological parameter of Analysis of Ground-water Seepage Field is measured using isotope for single well tracer method；
(2), groundwater resource evaluation is set up based on the hydrogeological parameter；
(3), seepage action of ground water equation is set up；
(4), mathematics deduction is carried out based on the seepage action of ground water equation, predicts the approximate location of Tunnel Gushing；
(5) the thermometric drilling of local, is carried out, according to subsoil water, the temperature of rock mass is affected, in conjunction with prediction before, obtain
Accurate water burst position.
Further, wherein, described step (1) it is：Choosing at one in tunnel upper carries out drilling well, then by same for radioactivity position
Plain tracer is put in the drilling well, determines direction of groundwater flow and flow velocity at drilling well afterwards using radioactivity seeker.
Further, wherein, described step (1) further include：Subsurface flow is tried to achieve in isotope for single well tracer method
To with flow velocity on the basis of, accurately try to achieve the other specification of seepage field in conjunction with other theories.
Yet further, wherein, other theories of the combination are accurately tried to achieve the other specification of seepage field and are specially：A () exists
In pore media system, using the vertical flow that drills, steady flow theory under water filling or water pumping conditions is set up, determines water-bearing layer
Infiltration coefficient, hydrostatic level, water-bearing layer water suction or water yield；The Qiu Bu of (b) in fissuted medium system, in conjunction with water filling or when drawing water
According to equation and cube theorem, Equivalent Hydraulic gap width, infiltration coefficient, hydrostatic head and the coefficient of transmissibility in each crack is determined.
Again further, wherein, described step (2) be specially：According to the hydrogeological parameter, meter is reasonably determined
Calculate position and the property on region and border, and by zoning geometry, aqueous property, boundary property, parametric
Matter, generalization of subsurface flow state, set up groundwater resource evaluation.
Additionally, wherein, described step (3) are specially：According to the boundary condition reflected by the groundwater resource evaluation
Seepage action of ground water equation in crack rock is set up with initial condition.
Further, wherein, described step (4) be specially：In the flow domain, based on the seepage action of ground water equation,
Solved using Variational Finite Element Method, egress head value is obtained, water yield is calculated, so that it is determined that the abundance zone of subsoil water or richness
Ji Qu, and the empirical equation coarse evaluation Tunnel Gushing radius of influence is utilized, so as to predict the approximate location of Tunnel Gushing.
Further, wherein, the utilization empirical equation coarse evaluation Tunnel Gushing radius of influence.
Yet further, wherein, described step (5) be specially：In left tunnel, 1/2 height and position of RightWall and vault position
Put and be respectively arranged rock temperature test shallow bore hole, implement the test of shallow bore hole rock temperature, compare the difference of diverse location rock temperature with
The relation of predicted water burst position, determines accurate water burst position.
Compared with existing Tunnel Gushing location prediction method, the method tool of the advanced prediction Tunnel Gushing position of the present invention
There are following Advantageous Effects：Its degree of accuracy height, and reduce workload, it is to avoid the impact of anthropic factor；Meanwhile, which was both
Tunnel construction infection is not received, also constructing tunnel is no affected；Finally, the efficiency of tunnel forecast which raises.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the flow chart of the method for the advanced prediction Tunnel Gushing position of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram during hydrogeological parameter for surveying Analysis of Ground-water Seepage Field using isotope for single well tracer method.
Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram during thermometric drilling for carrying out local.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, and the content of embodiment is not as the guarantor to the present invention
The restriction of shield scope.
The flow chart that Fig. 1 shows the method for the advanced prediction Tunnel Gushing position of the present invention.As shown in figure 1, the present invention
The method of advanced prediction Tunnel Gushing position comprise the following steps：
First, the hydrogeological parameter of Analysis of Ground-water Seepage Field is measured using isotope for single well tracer method.In the present invention, such as
Shown in Fig. 2, the hydrogeological parameter for measuring Analysis of Ground-water Seepage Field using isotope for single well tracer method is specially：Select in tunnel upper
Taking at one carries out drilling well, then radioactive tracer is put in the drilling well, is determined using radioactivity seeker afterwards
Direction of groundwater flow and flow velocity at drilling well.
Additionally, in order to obtain more accurately hydrogeologic condition, in the present invention, trying to achieve ground in isotope for single well tracer method
The other specification of seepage field on the basis of lower current direction and flow velocity, can accurately be tried to achieve in conjunction with other theories.Specifically, in hole
In medium system, it is possible to use the vertical flow of drilling, steady flow theory under water filling or water pumping conditions is set up, determines water-bearing layer
Infiltration coefficient, hydrostatic level, water-bearing layer water suction or the hydrogeological parameter such as water yield.In fissuted medium system, in conjunction with water filling or
Qiu Buyi equation and cube theorem when drawing water, determines Equivalent Hydraulic gap width, infiltration coefficient, hydrostatic head and the water guide system in each crack
The hydrogeological parameters such as number.
Secondly, groundwater resource evaluation is set up based on the hydrogeological parameter.The groundwater resource evaluation is
The aggregative model that sets up on the basis of ground water regime research, mainly reflects boundary condition, increment, excretion, hydrodynamic force
The overall structure constituted by the spatial distribution of feature etc. and its relevant parameter.
In the present invention, position and the property on zoning and border according to the hydrogeological parameter, are reasonably determined
Matter, and by zoning geometry, aqueous property, boundary property, parameter property, subsurface flow state generalization, build
Vertical groundwater resource evaluation.
Specifically, by generally being changed to herein below, groundwater resource evaluation is set up：1st, diving, artesian water are aqueous
Layer and aquiclude level, vertical hydraulic conductivity (K) block plan value preset (according to lithology and bailing test subregion)；2nd, dive under water aqueous
Layer specific yield (μ) block plan value preset；3rd, confined aquifer water storage rate (Ss) block plan value preset；4th, aquiclude (water barrier) storage
Water rate (Ss) block plan value preset；5th, each layer effecive porosity, total porosity.By the groundwater resource evaluation water-bearing layer
The conditions such as actual border, internal structure, permeance property, hydraulic characteristic are generalized as being convenient for the basic of mathematics and physical modeling
Pattern, and blocking is carried out to actual region.More specifically, well known to the skilled person be, using ground
Lower Fluid Dynamics system GMS can obtain the groundwater resource evaluation.
Again, seepage action of ground water equation is set up.In the present invention, should be reflected according to the groundwater resource evaluation
Boundary condition and initial condition set up seepage action of ground water equation in crack rock.Wherein, generally with hydrogeological Significance
Interface is used as the boundary condition of the groundwater resource evaluation, and which mainly has：The demarcation line of geomorphic unit, stratigraphic boundary, resistance
Water tomography and subsoil water have the river of hydraulic connection, additionally, it is contemplated that being divided by the sensitivity on border in the case that border is far
Analysis determines boundary position.Boundary condition type has three classes：First-type boundary condition；Two class boundary conditions；Three classes (mixing) perimeter strip
Part.
Then, mathematics deduction is carried out based on the seepage action of ground water equation, predicts the approximate location of Tunnel Gushing.
In the present invention, the seepage action of ground water equation can be based in the flow domain, is entered using Variational Finite Element Method
Row is solved, and obtains egress head value, calculates water yield, so that it is determined that the abundance zone of subsoil water or enrichment region, and using experience public affairs
The formula coarse evaluation Tunnel Gushing radius of influence, so as to predict the approximate location of Tunnel Gushing.
Specifically, the relation of percolation flow velocity and stream function can be determined by the seepage action of ground water equation, using Dacry
Law obtains herd functionSolution.Again by percolation flow velocity and the relation of stream function, unit herd function is introducedFInite Element difference formula, reapplying variation principle carries out difference solution to which, obtains having for stream function ψ (x, y)
Limit unit solution.There is herd functionWith the Finite Element Numerical Solution of stream function ψ (x, y), write stream function solver and
Streamline drawing program, and with etc. head line drawing program merge, make to wait head line and streamline to be superimposed so as to form drift net.Determining
During the retention of excessive fluid region for being calculated, the boundary condition of hypothesis should be made as close possible to time of day.Need rough using empirical equation
Assessment Tunnel Gushing radius of influence R.The utilization empirical equation coarse evaluation Tunnel Gushing radius of influence.Asked with Finite Element
The node head value for obtaining directly calculates seepage discharge.
In practical operation be exactly using CFD solver Fluent, carry out fluid calculation analysis before soft by UAMBIT
Part generates grid model, carries out numerical simulation calculation using triangular mesh and quadrilateral mesh, obtains computational fields and grid
Divide figure.Unit volume V for being taken using PorousbPorous coefficient of compressibility is calculated with unit pressure.Porous in Fluent
Geologic parameter α is calculated under matter model, obtain 1/ α of viscosity factor.Pass through conditions setting, |input paramete infiltration system again
The parameters such as number, infiltration gradient, head, osmotic pressure, obtain egress head.Groundwater resource evaluation before namely importing
Parameter, the program for here data relevant with calculating being substituted into analytic method prediction Tunnel Seepage formula is calculated, using calculating
Machine program is resolved, and calculates normal unit linear meter(lin.m.) water yield and maximum unit linear meter(lin.m.) water yield.
Before using empirical equation coarse evaluation on the basis of the Tunnel Gushing radius of influence, in conjunction with isotope analyses institute
Determine to obtain the abundance zone of subsoil water or enrichment region and the equiprobable subsoil water water gushing channelway of component in fault structure zone, crack dense band,
Determination water burst position that can be substantially.
Due to being rough estimate, there is obvious error, so, finally, in addition it is also necessary to carry out the thermometric drilling of local, base area
Lower water is affected on the temperature of rock mass, in conjunction with prediction before, obtains accurate water burst position.It is, utilizing local rock mass temperature
Spend detection method to be accurately positioned water burst position.
In the present invention, as shown in figure 3, being respectively arranged rock mass in left tunnel, 1/2 height and position of RightWall and keystone
Temperature test shallow bore hole A, implements the test of shallow bore hole rock temperature, carries out temperature test result geothermal gradient correction.Because subsoil water exists
Infiltration flowing in lithosome determines the scope affected by underground water content by rock temperature.Recycle stream of the subsoil water in rock mass
Dynamic, the temperature of lithosome in flowing thereabout position and its certain limit is played a part of to reduce or is lifted.Water content is in space
The difference of distributing position, determine its from diverse location rock temperature testing bore holes temperature test location gap from different, distance
The different differences for determining that subsoil water are affected on rock temperature, determine the spatial distribution position of water content using this species diversity,
So as to accurately be positioned.Under namely in certain lithosome country rock, certain is with air temperature conditions, certain mileage left tunnel,
What 1/2 height and position of RightWall and keystone 2.0m depth thermometer hole bottom measured is respectively through geothermal gradient corrected value
Tszi2.0、Tsyi2.0、Tsgi2.0；Obtain by the functional relationship of same one drilling depth of air temperature conditions rock temperature of lithosome of the same race
Arrive 2.0m depth thermometer hole bottom position theory rock temperature or title under this kind of lithosome country rock air temperature conditions to calculate
Rock temperature is TL2.0, actual measurement shallow bore hole rock temperature corrected value is compared with even depth bore position theory rock temperature, according to
Comparative result judges institute's water content.
The advantage of the method for the advanced prediction Tunnel Gushing position of the present invention is degree of accuracy height, reduces workload, it is to avoid
The impact of anthropic factor.Meanwhile, neither tunnel construction infection is received, also constructing tunnel is no affected.Finally, tunnel which raises
The efficiency of forecast.
The above embodiment of the present invention is only intended to clearly illustrate example of the present invention, and be not to the present invention
Embodiment restriction.For those of ordinary skill in the field, can also make on the basis of the above description
The change of other multi-forms or variation.Here all of embodiment cannot be exhaustive.Every skill for belonging to the present invention
Obvious change that art scheme is extended out or change row still in protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of method of advanced prediction Tunnel Gushing position, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
(1), the hydrogeological parameter of the Analysis of Ground-water Seepage Field is measured using isotope for single well tracer method.
(2), groundwater resource evaluation is set up based on the hydrogeological parameter.
(3), seepage action of ground water equation is set up.
(4), mathematics deduction is carried out based on the seepage action of ground water equation, predicts the approximate location of Tunnel Gushing.
(5) the thermometric drilling of local, is carried out, according to subsoil water, the temperature of rock mass is affected, in conjunction with prediction before, obtain accurately
Water burst position.
2. the method for advanced prediction Tunnel Gushing position according to claim 1, is characterized in that, step (1) is：?
Tunnel upper is chosen at one and carries out drilling well, then radioactive tracer is put in the drilling well.Afterwards using radioactivity
Direction of groundwater flow and flow velocity at measurement detector drilling well.
3. the method for advanced prediction Tunnel Gushing position according to claim 2, is characterized in that, step (1) enters one
Step includes：On the basis of isotope for single well tracer method tries to achieve direction of groundwater flow and flow velocity, accurately try to achieve in conjunction with other theories and ooze
The other specification in flow field.
4. the method for advanced prediction Tunnel Gushing position according to claim 3, is characterized in that, other are theoretical for the combination
The other specification for accurately trying to achieve seepage field is specially：A () using the vertical flow that drills, sets up water filling in pore media system
Or steady flow theory under water pumping conditions, determine infiltration coefficient, hydrostatic level, water-bearing layer water suction or the water yield in water-bearing layer；B () exists
In fissuted medium system, the Qiu Buyi equation in conjunction with water filling or when drawing water and cube theorem, determine the Equivalent Hydraulic gap in each crack
Width, infiltration coefficient, hydrostatic head and coefficient of transmissibility.
5. the method for advanced prediction Tunnel Gushing position according to claim 4, is characterized in that, step (2) are concrete
For：According to the hydrogeological parameter, reasonably determine position and the property on zoning and border, and pass through to calculating area
Domain geometry, aqueous property, boundary property, parameter property, generalization of subsurface flow state, set up hydrogeological concept mould
Type.
6. the method for advanced prediction Tunnel Gushing position according to claim 5, is characterized in that, step (3) are concrete
For：The boundary condition for being reflected according to the groundwater resource evaluation and initial condition set up seepage action of ground water in crack rock
Equation.
7. the method for advanced prediction Tunnel Gushing position according to claim 6, is characterized in that, step (4) are concrete
For：In the flow domain, based on the seepage action of ground water equation, solved using Variational Finite Element Method, obtained egress head
Value, calculates water yield, so that it is determined that the abundance zone of subsoil water or enrichment region, and utilize empirical equation coarse evaluation Tunnel Gushing shadow
Radius is rung, so as to predict the approximate location of Tunnel Gushing.
8. the method for advanced prediction Tunnel Gushing position according to claim 7, is characterized in that, the utilization empirical equation
The coarse evaluation Tunnel Gushing radius of influence.
9. the method for advanced prediction Tunnel Gushing position according to claim 8, is characterized in that, step (5) are concrete
For：Rock temperature is respectively arranged in left tunnel, 1/2 height and position of RightWall and keystone and shallow bore hole is tested, implement shallow bore hole rock mass
Temperature test, compares difference and the relation of predicted water burst position of diverse location rock temperature, determines accurate water burst position.
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| CN108627436A (en) * | 2017-03-20 | 2018-10-09 | 中国海洋石油集团有限公司 | A kind of prediction technique of the underground water-seal oil depot water yield based on construction dynamic monitoring data |
| CN108952807A (en) * | 2018-06-28 | 2018-12-07 | 同济大学 | A kind of sealing method of disposal of tunnel fractured zones water burst |
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