CN110795878A - Tunnel water inflow prediction method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for predicting water inflow of a tunnel, which comprises the following steps: determining a simulation area range including a tunnel site area according to the survey data based on the three-dimensional underground water flow simulation platform, and establishing an equivalent continuous underground water seepage numerical simulation model in the simulation area range; utilizing known or preliminarily given boundary conditions, source and sink terms and groundwater dynamic data of a simulation time period, and calibrating model parameters by a trial estimation-correction method and a preferred method; and (4) carrying out quantitative analysis on the underground water flow characteristics and the water inflow amount of different sections in the tunnel construction by using a calibrated model, and analyzing to obtain a water inflow source. By adopting the technical scheme, the tunnel water inflow amount of the areas with uneven pore and crack development can be calculated, and compared with the traditional calculation method, the method has the advantages of more reasonable generalization of hydrogeological conditions, more accurate calculation, stronger practicability and wide application prospect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for predicting water inflow of a tunnel, in particular to a method for predicting water inflow of a tunnel in a pore and crack non-uniform development area.
Background
In tunnel engineering construction, underground water is an important factor influencing construction safety and engineering stability, and is easy to cause geological disasters such as water burst, mud burst and the like. The method not only endangers the safety of the tunnel, but also causes environmental and geological problems such as dry well, reservoir level reduction, river cutoff and the like if the treatment is improper, thereby causing great loss to human production and life. Three-dimensional water flow simulation tools (e.g., Visual MODFLOW Flex) are typically used to simulate groundwater flow during design and construction of a construction. In recent years, the number of long and large tunnels buried deeply in mountainous areas is increased, geological conditions are more and more complex, and construction risks are higher. At present, the method for predicting the water inflow of the tunnel is mostly established on the basis of continuous and uniform medium of underground water, and has limitation in use in fissures and karst areas with obvious heterogeneity and anisotropy. Therefore, how to improve the tunnel water burst prediction precision and effectively alleviate the water burst disaster is a difficult problem to be solved urgently in the tunnel construction process.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, the invention aims to solve the technical problem of quantitative prediction of tunnel water inflow in mountainous areas with complex geological conditions, an underground water system theory is taken as guidance, a comprehensive survey result is combined, an equivalent continuous underground water seepage numerical simulation model in a certain range including a tunnel site area is established, a hydrogeological parameter partition and parameter values of the simulation area are inverted through underground water dynamic observation data based on a finite difference equal numerical calculation method, a correct underground water seepage field in the area is obtained, water inflow amounts and water inflow sources of different sections during tunnel construction rainfall are quantitatively analyzed, and the prediction result is applied to tunnel design and construction, so that the method has better guiding significance for tunnel design and construction.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention discloses a method for predicting the water inflow of a tunnel, which comprises the following steps:
(1) determining a simulation area range including a tunnel site area according to the survey data based on the three-dimensional underground water flow simulation platform, and establishing an equivalent continuous underground water seepage numerical simulation model in the simulation area range;
(2) utilizing known or preliminarily given boundary conditions, source and sink terms and groundwater dynamic data of a simulation time period, and calibrating model parameters by a trial estimation-correction method and a preferred method;
(3) and (4) carrying out quantitative analysis on the underground water flow characteristics and the water inflow amount of different sections in the tunnel construction by using a calibrated model, and analyzing to obtain a water inflow source.
In the step 2, the step of determining the model parameters by the trial and error correction method and the preferred method comprises the following steps:
preliminarily partitioning the parameters to be solved according to landform units, geological structures and stratum lithology of a simulation area, preliminarily determining the upper limit and the lower limit of each parameter as constraint conditions according to data such as water-bearing stratum lithology, equal water head line distribution, water head dynamic and pumping tests, and then taking the equal water line and water balance data measured at the beginning and the end of a simulation period, an observation hole water level duration curve or dynamic data of river base flow as fitting objects to carry out the calibration of hydrogeological parameters;
under the constraint conditions of the upper and lower limits of each parameter, the parameter partition and the size are adjusted to obtain the minimum of the objective function G according to the following optimized objective function:
in the formula, p1、p2……pnThe hydrogeological parameters to be solved; n is a radical ofg、NchThe number of observation holes for comparison and the number of comparison time segments are respectively used; omegahTo observeThe value weight factor H (i, j) is a calculated value of a time interval j of the observation hole i simulated by the model; hgAnd (i, j) is an actual measurement value of the j time period of the observation hole i.
In the step 3, the underground water level distribution and the change conditions of the underground water flow direction and the flow speed after the underground water level of the tunnel site area is reduced to the bottom of the tunnel are simulated and analyzed by using the calibrated model.
In the step 3, the tunnel site area is decomposed into a plurality of water equilibrium areas by combining the geological structure of the tunnel body and the crack development degree, and the water inflow amount in different equilibrium areas after tunnel construction rainfall under the two conditions of normal rainfall and sudden large rainfall is simulated and counted by using a calibrated model.
In the step 3, on the basis that the tunnel construction precipitation simulates the underground water flow field, the MODPATH particle tracing module is used for displaying the particle migration track, so that the source of the tunnel water burst is analyzed, or the hydraulic connection between the reservoir water and the underground water in the tunnel area and the contribution of the reservoir water to the tunnel water burst are analyzed.
In the step 1, the survey data comprises properties and hydrological characteristic data of geological structure, stratigraphic lithology, pores, crack development condition, underground water level distribution and underground water system boundary found out by field investigation, geophysical prospecting, hydrogeological testing and remote sensing technology.
In the step 1, the establishment of an equivalent continuous groundwater seepage numerical simulation model comprises the determination of a simulation range and the establishment of a hydrogeological concept model and a corresponding mathematical model.
The determination of the simulation range selects the range of the hydrogeological unit which is relatively complete and has natural boundary or detailed underground water level monitoring data as much as possible and considers the maximum depth reduction energy spread of the water level in the simulation area.
And reasonably generalizing the boundary properties, the internal structure, the permeability, the path compensation rows and other conditions of each water-bearing rock group in the simulation area based on comprehensive survey data, and constructing a hydrogeological conceptual model and a corresponding mathematical model, wherein the construction of the hydrogeological structural model can be realized by adopting a radial basis function method, an inverse distance weighting method or a kriging interpolation method.
By adopting the technical scheme, the method for predicting the tunnel water inflow can predict the tunnel water inflow, is particularly used for calculating the tunnel water inflow in areas with uneven pore and crack development, comprehensively considers the distribution characteristics of landform units, geological structures (particularly fracture, fold and crack dense zones) and stratum lithology, carries out partition generalization on the hydrogeological parameters of the tunnel area based on the actually measured hydrogeological parameters, and has more reasonable and accurate calculation, stronger practicability and wide application prospect.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a method for predicting tunnel water inflow according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of the inversion of hydrogeological parameters.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the figures and the detailed description.
As shown in fig. 1, the invention provides a method for predicting the water inflow of a tunnel under a complex geological condition, aiming at the situation that the prediction accuracy of the water inflow of the tunnel under the complex geological condition is not high, and the method comprises the following steps:
(1) and (3) establishing an equivalent continuous groundwater seepage numerical simulation model.
And finding out the boundary of the underground water-containing system near the tunnel site area based on the high-resolution remote sensing image, and preliminarily obtaining the landform type, the exposed stratum lithology and the geological structure distribution characteristics of the tunnel site area.
Aiming at a possibly surging water area of a tunnel site area, hydrogeological characteristics such as a tunnel site area geological structure, stratum lithology, pores, underground water level distribution, fracture development condition (namely water-rich condition), a boundary of an underground water system and the like are found out through field investigation, drilling geophysical prospecting (mainly comprising technologies such as geological drilling, geological radar, an ultra-high density electrical method, in-hole electromagnetic wave CT and the like) and hydrogeological testing (comprising a pumping test, a water injection test, a water pumping test, an actual underground water flow rate measurement, a communication test and the like), so that the fine detection of tunnel engineering from the area to the local area is realized.
And determining a simulation area range including the tunnel site area based on the data obtained by the three-dimensional comprehensive survey, reasonably generalizing the boundary properties, the internal structure, the permeability, the hydraulic characteristics, the path compensation and drainage and other conditions of each water-containing rock group in the simulation area, and establishing a hydrogeological concept model and a corresponding mathematical model. The boundary of the simulation area should select natural boundaries (such as surface watershed, river and water-proof broken layer) or detailed underground water level monitoring data as much as possible, and the arrival range of the maximum depth-lowering energy reach of the water level of the simulation area is considered, and a hydrogeological structure model in the hydrogeological conceptual model of the tunnel site area can be constructed by adopting interpolation methods such as a radial basis function method, an inverse distance weighting method and a kriging method based on comprehensive survey data.
(2) And (5) inverting the hydrogeological parameters of the equivalent continuous groundwater seepage model.
As shown in fig. 2, on the basis of an equivalent continuous groundwater seepage mathematical model and discretization of a water-bearing rock group space, hydrological and geological parameters to be inverted are initially partitioned according to landform units, geological structures (particularly fracture, fold and fracture dense zone) and stratum lithology of a simulation area, and upper and lower limits of each parameter are initially determined as constraint conditions according to water-bearing stratum lithology, equal water head line distribution, water head dynamics, a water pumping test and other data.
Comprehensively considering the source and sink items in the simulation area and the time distribution characteristics of the dynamic groundwater data, determining a simulation time interval, carrying out time discretization on the simulation time interval, taking the upper limit and the lower limit of each hydrogeological parameter as constraint conditions in the simulation time interval, and enabling the fitting errors of the dynamic groundwater observation data (the actually measured water level, the river base flow and the water balance data) and the simulation calculation data at the same position to be as small as possible by adjusting parameters so as to improve the accuracy of the hydrogeological parameter calibration, and constructing the following optimization objective functions for the purposes:
in the formula, p1、p2……pnThe hydrogeological parameters to be solved; n is a radical ofg、NchThe number of observation holes for comparison and the number of comparison time segments are respectively used; omegahH (i, j) is a calculated value of a time interval of an observation hole j of the model simulation, wherein the time interval is an observation value weight factor; hgAnd (i, j) is an actual measurement value of the j time period of the observation hole i.
And under the constraint conditions of the upper limit and the lower limit of each hydrogeological parameter, solving the minimum of the objective function G, further analyzing the reason if the fitting difference of the water level or the base flow at the moment is not small enough, purposefully adjusting the partition of the main parameters and the size of the parameter value by adopting a multi-factor optimization method, and solving the minimum of the objective function again. And repeating the calculation and the analysis until a satisfactory result is obtained.
(3) Quantitative analysis of tunnel water burst amount and water burst source.
Water burst rate: and simulating the water level depth, the underground water flow direction and the flow velocity distribution condition after the underground water level of the tunnel site area is lowered to the bottom of the tunnel by using the calibrated equivalent continuous underground water seepage model, analyzing the underground water flow direction and the runoff velocity of different sections of the tunnel site area, and predicting the water burst speed of different sections of the tunnel area.
Water burst size: the tunnel is decomposed into a plurality of water balance areas by combining the geological structure of the tunnel body and the development degree of cracks, and the amount of underground water which is gathered into the tunnel after tunnel construction precipitation under the two conditions of normal rainfall and sudden heavy rainfall in different balance areas is counted, so that the water inflow amount of different sections of the tunnel can be obtained.
The method comprises the following steps of (1) obtaining a water inrush source, wherein on the basis that tunnel construction precipitation simulates an underground water flow field, a MODPATH underground water particle tracing module is utilized to display a particle migration track so as to analyze the tunnel water inrush source; if there is reservoir under construction around the tunnel site, the hydraulic connection between reservoir water and underground water in the tunnel site and its contribution to tunnel water burst can be analyzed.
It should be understood that the above examples are only for clarity of illustration and are not intended to limit the embodiments. Other variations and modifications will be apparent to persons skilled in the art in light of the above description. And are neither required nor exhaustive of all embodiments. And obvious variations or modifications therefrom are within the scope of the invention.
Claims (9)
1. A method for predicting tunnel water inflow is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) determining a simulation area range including a tunnel site area according to the survey data based on the three-dimensional underground water flow simulation platform, and establishing an equivalent continuous underground water seepage numerical simulation model in the simulation area range;
(2) utilizing known or preliminarily given boundary conditions, source and sink terms and groundwater dynamic data of a simulation time period, and calibrating model parameters by a trial estimation-correction method and a preferred method;
(3) and (4) carrying out quantitative analysis on the underground water flow characteristics and the water inflow amount of different sections in the tunnel construction by using a calibrated model, and analyzing to obtain a water inflow source.
2. The method for predicting the tunnel water inflow according to claim 1, wherein: in the step 2, the step of determining the model parameters by the trial and error correction method and the preferred method comprises the following steps:
preliminarily partitioning the parameters to be solved according to landform units, geological structures and stratum lithology of a simulation area, preliminarily determining the upper limit and the lower limit of each parameter as constraint conditions according to data such as water-bearing stratum lithology, equal water head line distribution, water head dynamic and pumping tests, and then taking the equal water line and water balance data measured at the beginning and the end of a simulation period, an observation hole water level duration curve or dynamic data of river base flow as fitting objects to carry out the calibration of hydrogeological parameters;
under the constraint conditions of the upper and lower limits of each parameter, the parameter partition and the size are adjusted to obtain the minimum of the objective function G according to the following optimized objective function:
in the formula, p1、p2……pnThe hydrogeological parameters to be solved; n is a radical ofg、NchThe number of observation holes for comparison and the number of comparison time segments are respectively used; omegahH (i, j) is a calculated value of a time interval of an observation hole j of the model simulation, wherein the time interval is an observation value weight factor; hg(i, j) is number iThe measured value of the interval j is observed.
3. The method for predicting the tunnel water inflow according to claim 1, wherein: in the step 3, the underground water level distribution and the change conditions of the underground water flow direction and the flow speed after the underground water level of the tunnel site area is reduced to the bottom of the tunnel are simulated and analyzed by using the calibrated model.
4. The method for predicting the tunnel water inflow according to claim 1, wherein: in the step 3, the tunnel site area is decomposed into a plurality of water equilibrium areas by combining the geological structure of the tunnel body and the crack development degree, and the water inflow amount in different equilibrium areas after tunnel construction rainfall under the two conditions of normal rainfall and sudden large rainfall is simulated and counted by using a calibrated model.
5. The method for predicting the tunnel water inflow according to claim 1, wherein: in the step 3, on the basis that the tunnel construction precipitation simulates the underground water flow field, the MODPATH particle tracing module is used for displaying the particle migration track, so that the source of the tunnel water burst is analyzed, or the hydraulic connection between the reservoir water and the underground water in the tunnel area and the contribution of the reservoir water to the tunnel water burst are analyzed.
6. The method for predicting tunnel water inflow according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein: in the step 1, the survey data comprises properties and hydrological characteristic data of geological structure, stratigraphic lithology, pores, crack development condition, underground water level distribution and underground water system boundary found out by field investigation, geophysical prospecting, hydrogeological testing and remote sensing technology.
7. The method for predicting tunnel water inflow according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein: in the step 1, the establishment of an equivalent continuous groundwater seepage numerical simulation model comprises the determination of a simulation range and the establishment of a hydrogeological concept model and a corresponding mathematical model.
8. The method for predicting tunnel water inflow according to claim 7, wherein: and (3) determining the simulation range, selecting a range with complete hydrogeological units and natural boundaries or detailed underground water level monitoring data, and considering the maximum depth reduction energy reaching range of the water level in the simulation area.
9. The method for predicting tunnel water inflow according to claim 7, wherein: and reasonably generalizing the boundary properties, the internal structure, the permeability, the path compensation rows and other conditions of each water-bearing rock group in the simulation area based on comprehensive survey data, and constructing a hydrogeological conceptual model and a corresponding mathematical model, wherein the construction of the hydrogeological structural model can be realized by adopting a radial basis function method, an inverse distance weighting method or a kriging interpolation method.
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| CN111472839A (en) * | 2020-05-13 | 2020-07-31 | 长江勘测规划设计研究有限责任公司 | Comprehensive seepage control-based quantitative calculation method for water discharge of water-rich tunnel construction |
| CN112102488A (en) * | 2020-09-17 | 2020-12-18 | 山东省地矿工程勘察院 | Construction method of three-dimensional visual dynamic monitoring structure model of underground water resource |
| CN112700411A (en) * | 2020-12-29 | 2021-04-23 | 中国铁路设计集团有限公司 | Karst tunnel water collection area calculation method based on remote sensing technology |
| CN113626922A (en) * | 2021-08-16 | 2021-11-09 | 昆明理工大学 | Geological radar-based method for predicting water inflow of tunnel roof water-rich area structure |
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| CN112700411B (en) * | 2020-12-29 | 2022-03-08 | 中国铁路设计集团有限公司 | Karst tunnel water collection area calculation method based on remote sensing technology |
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| CN113626922B (en) * | 2021-08-16 | 2023-07-28 | 昆明理工大学 | Tunnel roof water-rich region structure water inflow prediction method based on geological radar |
| CN113626922A (en) * | 2021-08-16 | 2021-11-09 | 昆明理工大学 | Geological radar-based method for predicting water inflow of tunnel roof water-rich area structure |
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| CN113901547A (en) * | 2021-09-29 | 2022-01-07 | 中铁第一勘察设计院集团有限公司 | Karst area tunnel water inrush early warning method and system, electronic device and medium |
| CN113807740A (en) * | 2021-09-30 | 2021-12-17 | 上海交通大学 | Risk assessment system for hydrological disasters of water burst runoff of mountain railway tunnel |
| CN114065362A (en) * | 2021-11-30 | 2022-02-18 | 中铁十九局集团第二工程有限公司 | Dynamic design method of drainage system based on tunnel prediction water inflow |
| CN114233268A (en) * | 2021-11-30 | 2022-03-25 | 中国地质大学（武汉） | Tunnel excavation water inflow prediction method based on horizontal directional drilling exploration hole |
| CN114996893A (en) * | 2022-02-11 | 2022-09-02 | 中国矿业大学(北京) | Dynamic distinguishing method for mine water burst source and related equipment |
| CN117726045A (en) * | 2024-02-07 | 2024-03-19 | 山东大学 | Water inflow prediction method and system based on hydrological field inversion along tunnel |
| CN117726045B (en) * | 2024-02-07 | 2024-05-10 | 山东大学 | Water inflow prediction method and system based on hydrological field inversion along tunnel |
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