CN111119992A - Method for determining drilling parameters of drainage water of coal seam roof - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to a drilling parameter determination method, belongs to the technical field of coal mines, and particularly relates to a drilling parameter determination method for drainage water of a coal seam roof. The method fully considers the condition of coexistence of seepage and turbulence in an aquifer-drilling system, aims to solve the problems that the calculation of the water quantity of the drainage drilling of the coal seam roof is inaccurate and the parameters are difficult to determine during the drilling design, and has very important guiding significance and engineering practical value for safe and efficient production of mines, drainage engineering and scientific and reasonable arrangement of drainage systems.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a drilling parameter determination method, belongs to the technical field of coal mines, and particularly relates to a drilling parameter determination method for drainage water of a coal seam roof.
Background
Deep-lowering and large-flow advanced pre-drainage by adopting roof drainage drill holes are the most main prevention engineering measures for water damage of the roof of the coal mine. Under the specific mine geological and hydrogeological conditions, the water-bearing stratum filled with water directly or indirectly by draining the coal seam roof in advance is the only means for preventing and treating water. The precise design (length, elevation angle, quantity and the like) of the roof drainage drill hole directly depends on the drilling engineering quantity and drainage time of the pre-drainage engineering before stoping of the working face and whether roof water can be sufficiently drained or not, and meanwhile, direct reference is provided for the design of a working face drainage prevention system and the establishment of a controllable drainage scheme.
When the inclined drilling hole drains water, the flow state of water flow in the drilling hole presents the condition of coexistence of laminar flow and turbulent flow, and the water flow calculation and drilling parameter optimization method has defects. At present, point source line sink theory calculation is mostly adopted for calculating the drainage water flow of the coal seam roof, and a plurality of methods for optimally determining drilling parameters are calculated according to a multi-objective optimization management model. The methods all consider the complex water flow morphological characteristics in the drilled hole during water drainage, so that the calculation precision is insufficient, and the reference value of the design of later-stage water prevention and control engineering is limited.
The seepage-pipe flow coupling model is firstly applied to the evaluation work of water resource amount in the traditional hydrogeology, fully considers the water flow characteristics of multi-flow-state coexistence in a drill hole, is widely applied to water yield calculation of water taking buildings such as horizontal wells, seepage wells, radiation wells and the like, and has a good effect. The method is based on a seepage-pipe flow coupling model, constructs a seepage-pipe flow coupling model of an aquifer-drilling system suitable for the fixed-depth drainage of inclined drainage drilling of a coal seam roof, analyzes and calculates the change rule of the drilling water inflow quantity along with parameters such as the permeability coefficient of the aquifer and the diameter of a drill hole, simultaneously researches the change characteristics of the total water inflow quantity of the drill holes in different quantities in a drill site, finally determines parameters such as the optimal length, the elevation angle and the quantity of the drill site in the drill site, and provides technical support for the design of drainage engineering. By the method, the calculation accuracy of the water discharge drilling water quantity of the coal seam roof is improved, the optimal parameters such as the drilling length, the elevation angle and the quantity during drilling design are determined, and the method has very important guiding significance for the reasonable design of the mine water discharge engineering.
Disclosure of Invention
The following presents a simplified summary of one or more aspects in order to provide a basic understanding of such aspects. This summary is not an extensive overview of all contemplated aspects, and is intended to neither identify key or critical elements of all aspects nor delineate the scope of any or all aspects. Its sole purpose is to present some concepts of one or more aspects in a simplified form as a prelude to the more detailed description that is presented later.
The invention aims to provide a method for determining parameters of drainage water drilling of a coal seam roof, and solves the problems that in the prior art, the calculation of the water quantity of the drainage water drilling is inaccurate, and the parameters are difficult to determine during drilling design.
In order to solve the problems, the scheme of the invention is as follows:
a method for determining drilling parameters of drainage water of a coal seam roof comprises the following steps:
coupling the seepage of the porous medium underground water with pipe flow in a pipeline to construct an aquifer-drilling system 'seepage-pipe flow coupling model';
and calculating the water inflow amount of the drainage drill hole with different elevation angles, the water inflow amount of unit length, the optimal elevation angle of drainage and the length of the drill hole under the vertical height based on the seepage-pipe flow coupling model.
Preferably, the method for determining drilling parameters of drainage water of the coal seam roof is based on the seepage-pipe flow coupling model constructed according to the following formula:
wherein α is the hydraulic conductivity coefficient between the borehole and the aquifer, hpFor water level in the bore hole, hiThe water level of the aquifer, d the diameter of the drill hole, rho the density of water, mu the dynamic viscosity coefficient, tau the roughness of the inner wall of the drill hole, l the length of the drill hole and Delta H the head loss at any two points in the drill hole.
Preferably, in the method for determining drilling parameters for draining water on the coal seam roof, Δ H is calculated based on the following formula;
where f is the coefficient of friction, l is the borehole length, d is the borehole diameter, g is the acceleration of gravity, and u is the groundwater flow rate.
Preferably, in the method for determining drilling parameters for draining water on the coal seam roof, the determination of the flow state of the underground water is based on the following formula;
in the formula: reIs Reynolds number, Q is the borehole flow, d is the borehole diameter, and upsilon is the groundwater motion viscosity coefficient.
Preferably, the method for determining parameters of the drainage water drilling of the coal seam roof adopts the optimal length and the elevation angle of the single drainage water drilling hole, respectively calculates and analyzes the total water inflow of the groups of holes with different drilling numbers in a single drilling field, and further determines the optimal number of the drilling holes in the single drilling field.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the method fully considers the condition of coexistence of seepage and turbulence in an aquifer-drilling system, aims to solve the problems that the calculation of the water quantity of the drainage drilling of the coal seam roof is inaccurate and the parameters are difficult to determine during the drilling design, and has very important guiding significance and engineering practical value for safe and efficient production of mines, drainage engineering and scientific and reasonable arrangement of drainage systems.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated herein and form a part of the specification, illustrate embodiments of the present invention and, together with the description, further serve to explain the principles of the invention and to enable a person skilled in the pertinent art to make and use the disclosure.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the operation of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of the Nigultz curve of an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a fitting curve between simulation values and measured values of a temporary coal bunker water discharge test according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the variation of water inflow per unit length at different angles in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a graph of the total water inflow for different numbers of boreholes within a single borehole of an embodiment of the present invention.
Embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Detailed Description
Examples
The embodiment provides a method for determining drilling parameters of drainage water on a coal seam roof.
The specific steps of the method for determining the drilling parameters of the drainage water on the coal seam roof are described below with reference to fig. 1.
Step 1: collecting data such as mine geology, hydrogeology and the like;
collecting data such as drilling column shape, long-sight hole water level, water pumping (discharging) test, hydrological geochemistry test, rock physical and mechanical property test results and the like in the periods of mine geology, hydrogeological exploration, well construction and recovery, and counting data such as the elevation of the top floor of each drilling stratum, the coal seam thickness and the like; and determining underground water path supplementing and draining conditions in the mine range according to data such as water level of the long observation hole of each aquifer, hydrology and geochemistry.
Step 2: calculating the development height of a coal seam mining water diversion crack zone;
determining the hardness (soft, medium hard and hard) degree of the rock of the coal seam roof according to the physical and mechanical property test result of the lithologic rock of the stratum; on the basis, the water guide crack belt for coal seam mining is determined by methods such as an empirical formula (table 1), field actual measurement and the likeHeight of development Hli. The data is the basis of later drilling vertical height design.
TABLE 1 calculation formula of height of water-guiding fractured zone for stratified mining of thick coal seam
Wherein:
1. sigma is the accumulated mining thickness.
2. The application range of the formula is as follows: the single-layer mining thickness is 1-3 m, and the accumulated mining thickness is not more than 15 m.
3. The plus or minus term in the calculation formula is the middle error.
4. If the mining process is single-layer mining, the calculation formula I is adopted, and if the primary mining full-height process is adopted, the calculation formula II is adopted.
Determining the hardness (soft, medium hard and hard) degree of the rock of the coal seam roof according to the physical and mechanical property test result of the lithologic rock of the stratum; on the basis, the development height of the water guide fracture zone of coal seam mining is determined by an empirical formula (table 1), field actual measurement and other methods.
And step 3: flow state analysis is carried out when the water is drained in the water drainage drill hole;
based on the actually measured water inflow of the coal seam roof drainage drill hole, according to the Reynolds number (R)e) Formula (1)), calculating initial stage of the water discharge test
Middle stage
And later stage
The Reynolds number of the water flow in the drill hole is large or small; and quantitatively judging the flow state (laminar flow, smooth turbulent flow, turbulent flow and the like) of the underground water according to a Niglaz diagram (the relation between Reynolds number and flow state, figure 2). For example,when Re<3000 hours, the groundwater flow regime belongs to the laminar flow region, and 3000 hours<Re<When 10000, the underground water flow belongs to a turbulent smooth zone, when Re>10000 times, the flow state of underground water belongs to a turbulent rough area.
In the formula ReThe Reynolds number is Q, the borehole flow is d, the borehole diameter is d, the underground water motion viscosity coefficient is upsilon, and the cross-sectional area of the borehole is A.
And 4, step 4: constructing a seepage-pipe flow coupling model of an aquifer-drilling system;
based on the theory of hydraulics and groundwater dynamics and based on energy conservation, namely the water-bearing stratum-drilling water exchange quantity is equal to the total groundwater flow in the drilling hole, a seepage-pipe flow coupling mathematical model of the drilling hole-water-bearing stratum system in different flow states is constructed. The model construction process is as follows:
the water flow in the borehole exhibits channel flow characteristics, and the following general equations for turbulent and laminar flow are proposed by Darcy, Weisbach and other hydraulics researchers:
where f is the coefficient of friction, l is the borehole length, d is the borehole diameter, g is the acceleration of gravity, u is the groundwater flow velocity, ΔHIs the head loss at any two points in the borehole.
When Reynolds number Re<3000 laminar flow, the coefficient of friction f can be calculated by the following equation:
upsilon in the formula is underground water motion viscosity coefficient [ M L-1T-1]。
Then there are:
where ρ is the density of water, μ is the dynamic viscosity coefficient, and τ is the borehole wall roughness.
When Reynolds number Re>3000 turbulence, the coefficient of friction can be calculated using the following equation:
then
The flow in the pipe is therefore calculated as:
in the formula: qpFor the total water volume of the borehole, KcThe roughness height of the wall of the inner wall of the drill hole is shown, mu is the dynamic viscosity coefficient, tau is the roughness of the inner wall of the drill hole, delta H is the head loss of the drill hole at different heights, and the rest parameters are the same as above.
The water exchange between the porous medium groundwater seepage area (aquifer) and the drill hole can be calculated linearly according to the water head difference between the two areas:
Qex＝α*(hp-hi)
in the formula QexRepresenting the water exchange amount between the drill hole and the aquifer, α is the hydraulic conductivity coefficient between the drill hole and the aquifer, which is determined according to the parameters of the pore space, the material and the like of the filter of the water filtering pipe section of the drill hole, hpFor water level in the bore hole, hiIs the water level of the aquifer.
According to the law of conservation of energy, the quantity of all the underground water flowing into the pipeline is equal to the quantity of the water in the pipeline,
∑Qex+Qp＝0
namely:
thus, the seepage of the porous medium underground water is coupled with the pipe flow in the pipeline, and the equation is the constructed aquifer-drilling system seepage-pipe flow coupling model.
The equation may be numerically calculated according to the pipeline Flow calculation program Conduit Flow Process (CFP). The CFP is developed on an MODFLOW program package, the underground water seepage area is discretized according to MODFLOW, the pipeline is discretized into a series of nodes and pipes by using the CFP program package, two adjacent nodes are connected by using one pipe, the underground water is transmitted by the pipes of the channels between the adjacent nodes, and the underground water seepage area is coupled with the pipeline through the water exchange quantity between the underground water seepage area and the pipeline.
And 5: determining optimized parameters of a single hole for drilling the drainage water;
based on a seepage-pipe Flow coupling model, according to the height calculation result of the development rule of the water guide crack belt, performing iterative numerical calculation by combining MODFLOW and Conduit Flow Process program packages, calculating the single-hole water inflow of the drainage drill hole at different elevation angles (30-90 degrees) under the vertical height and the water inflow of unit length thereof, and determining the optimal drainage elevation angle and the optimal drilling length. The main working thought of the step is as follows:
(1) setting an initial water head of an aquifer in MODFLOW, taking the top elevation of a node in the drill hole as an initial iteration value of the water head in the drill hole, and assuming that the initial flow state of water flow in the drill hole is laminar flow;
(2) calculating an initial value of the exchange quantity between the aquifer and the drill hole by utilizing a 'seepage-pipe flow coupling model' of the aquifer-drill hole system, and further calculating an initial value of the water quantity of each section in the drill hole;
(3) by using the initial value of the exchange quantity between the aquifer and the drill hole, the Reynolds number R of the water flow in the drill hole can be calculatedeJudging water in the drilled holeSelecting different pipe flow calculation formulas according to the flow form, and further calculating the water head value in the next drill hole;
(4) repeating the calculation processes (2) to (3) by using the new water head value in the drill hole as an initial value until the absolute error of the calculated water head value in the drill hole for two times meets the calculation precision, namely | Hi+1-Hi|<Epsilon. Wherein HiFor the last drilling head calculation, Hi+1The calculated value of the water head in the next drilling hole is continuous, and epsilon is the iterative calculation precision and is generally 0.00001. The exchange quantity between the aquifer and the drilled hole is the water inflow of the single hole of the drilled hole.
(5) And dividing the finally calculated water inflow of the single hole of the drilled hole by the total length of the drilled hole to obtain the water inflow of the unit length of the drilled hole.
(6) And (3) repeatedly calculating the water inflow rate of the single hole and the water inflow rate of the unit length of the drill hole by taking different angles as different schemes, comparing the water inflow rates of the unit length of the drill holes at different angles, and selecting the scheme with the maximum water inflow rate of the unit length, wherein the drilling angle at the moment is the optimal elevation angle of the drainage drill hole, and the drilling length at the moment is the optimal length of the drainage drill hole.
Step 6: determination of drilling number in drainage drill
And respectively calculating and analyzing the total water inflow of the group holes with different drilling numbers N (1-8, uniformly distributed in a plane range and with the drilling azimuth angle spacing of 360/N) in a single drilling field and the mutual influence degree thereof by adopting the optimal length and the elevation angle of the single hole of the water drainage drilling, thereby determining the optimal number of the drilling holes in the single drilling field.
Examples
Main mining Yanan group 3 of a certain mine in Dongsheng coal field Hugilt mining area of inner Mongolia autonomous area-1Coal is threatened by a top plate delay group and a straight-spiral group aquifer during the coal seam stoping period, so that a pre-drainage borehole needs to be constructed before the stoping of a working face, but due to the lack of the theory on the aspects of borehole water volume calculation and optimization design, the design scheme of drainage water engineering is not finished late, and a new method needs to be adopted to optimize the borehole water volume and the optimization design scheme thereof. The specific working process is as follows:
step 1: collecting data such as mine geology, hydrogeology and the like;
collecting the water level of a long observation hole, a water pumping (discharging) test, a hydrological geochemistry test and the test results of drilling columns of corresponding strata and rock physical and mechanical properties of aquifers of a fourth system, a chalk system, a section 1 of a straight Rou group, a section 2 of the straight Rou group and a section 3 of a delay group of the well field, and counting the elevation of the top and bottom plates of the strata of each drilled stratum and the thickness of a coal bed; according to the data of the water level of the long sight hole of each aquifer, hydrology and geochemistry and the like, the underground water path supplementing and draining condition in the mine range is determined.
Step 2: calculating the development height of a coal seam mining water diversion crack zone;
determining the medium hardness degree of the coal seam roof rock according to the physical and mechanical property test result of the lithologic rock of the stratum in the well field; 3-1The average mining thickness of the coal seam is 5.5m, and the development height of a water guide crack zone of coal seam mining is comprehensively determined to be about 120m by adopting an empirical formula and an on-site actual measurement method. Meanwhile, the vertical height of the drainage drill hole arranged at the later stage is determined to be 120 m.
And step 3: flow state analysis is carried out when the water is drained in the water drainage drill hole;
according to the actually measured water inflow amount of the coal seam roof drainage drill hole, the Reynolds number of the water flow in the drill hole at the initial stage, the middle stage and the later stage of the drainage test is calculated according to the Reynolds number formula, and the flow state of the underground water is quantitatively judged to be turbulent flow according to a Niglaz diagram (Table 2).
TABLE 2 Reynolds number calculation results for different flow and diameter of borehole
| Q(m3/h) | d(m) | υ(m2/d) | Re | Fluid state |
| 100 | 0.127 | 0.1 | 240612.2 | |
| 50 | 0.127 | 0.1 | 120306.1 | |
| 20 | 0.127 | 0.1 | 48122.44 | Turbulent flow |
| 100 | 0.075 | 0.1 | 407436.7 | |
| 50 | 0.075 | 0.1 | 203718.3 | |
| 20 | 0.075 | 0.1 | 81487.33 | Turbulent flow |
And 4, step 4: constructing a seepage-pipe flow coupling model of an aquifer-drilling system;
based on a ' seepage-pipe flow ' coupling model of a drilling-aquifer system, underground water flow is combined to be three-dimensional flow in the water drainage process, and the Darcy's law is obeyed. The following mathematical model can be used for description:
in the formula: ssIs the elastic water release coefficient of the aquifer, H is the elevation of the groundwater level, K is the permeability coefficient of the aquifer, x, y and z are coordinate variables, n is the direction of the normal outside the second boundary, C is the hydraulic transmission coefficient between the aquifer and the drill hole, QeFor exchange of water between the borehole and the aquifer, QpIs the water yield in the borehole, HsTiming water head for discharging water for drilling hole HpIs the water level in the drill hole, upsilon is the viscosity coefficient of water flow movement, d is the diameter of the drill hole, v is the seepage velocity, and gamma is2And D is the calculation area range.
Based on the actual measurement data of the mine temporary coal bunker water discharge experiment, the reliability of the model is verified by using the TF1, TF2 and TF3 water discharge experiment observation data, and meanwhile, the hydrological and geological parameters of the aquifer are inverted. The fitting result of the calculated result of the main water discharge hole TF1, the observation holes TF2 and TF3 in the model and the measured data is shown in FIG. 3.
The coupling model is adopted to identify and verify the groundwater level and the water quantity in the water discharge test process, the changes of the water level and the water quantity in the identification and verification period are basically consistent with the actual change trend, the model is reasonable and reliable, and the established three-dimensional groundwater flow model can be used for calculating the water quantity of the inclined drilling hole.
In this embodiment, while, for purposes of simplicity of explanation, the methodologies are shown and described as a series of acts, it is to be understood and appreciated that the methodologies are not limited by the order of acts, as some acts may, in accordance with one or more embodiments, occur in different orders and/or concurrently with other acts from that shown and described herein or not shown and described herein, as may be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art.
It is noted that references in the specification to "one embodiment," "an example embodiment," "some embodiments," etc., indicate that the embodiment described may include a particular feature, structure, or characteristic, but every embodiment may not necessarily include the particular feature, structure, or characteristic. Moreover, such phrases are not necessarily referring to the same embodiment. Further, when a particular feature, structure, or characteristic is described in connection with an embodiment, it is submitted that it is within the knowledge of one skilled in the art to effect such feature, structure, or characteristic in connection with other embodiments whether or not explicitly described.
The previous description of the disclosure is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the disclosure. Various modifications to the disclosure will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other variations without departing from the spirit or scope of the disclosure. Thus, the disclosure is not intended to be limited to the examples and designs described herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (5)
1. A coal seam roof drainage water drilling parameter determination method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
coupling the seepage of the porous medium underground water with pipe flow in a pipeline to construct an aquifer-drilling system 'seepage-pipe flow coupling model';
and calculating the water inflow amount of the drainage drill hole with different elevation angles, the water inflow amount of unit length, the optimal elevation angle of drainage and the length of the drill hole under the vertical height based on the seepage-pipe flow coupling model.
2. The method for determining parameters of drainage boreholes in a coal seam roof as claimed in claim 1, wherein the seepage-pipe flow coupling model is constructed based on the following formula:
wherein α is the hydraulic conductivity coefficient between the borehole and the aquifer, hpFor water level in the bore hole, hiThe water level of the aquifer, d the diameter of the drill hole, rho the density of water, mu the dynamic viscosity coefficient, tau the roughness of the inner wall of the drill hole, l the length of the drill hole and Delta H the head loss at any two points in the drill hole.
3. The method for determining parameters of the drainage borehole of the coal seam roof as claimed in claim 2, wherein Δ H is calculated based on the following formula;
where f is the coefficient of friction, l is the borehole length, d is the borehole diameter, g is the acceleration of gravity, and u is the groundwater flow rate.
4. The method for determining parameters of the drainage borehole of the coal seam roof as claimed in claim 2, wherein the determination of the flow state of the underground water is based on the following formula;
in the formula: reIs Reynolds number, Q is the borehole flow, d is the borehole diameter, and upsilon is the groundwater motion viscosity coefficient.
5. The method for determining parameters of the drainage bore of the coal seam roof as claimed in claim 1, further comprising: and respectively calculating and analyzing the total water inflow of the groups of holes with different drilling numbers in a single drilling field by adopting the optimal length and the elevation angle of the single hole of the water drainage drilling, and further determining the optimal number of the drilling holes in the single drilling field.
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| CN112963199A (en) * | 2021-02-03 | 2021-06-15 | 中煤水文局集团有限公司 | Mine underground water regulation and storage method and regulation and storage system |
| CN113217095A (en) * | 2021-05-28 | 2021-08-06 | 中煤科工集团西安研究院有限公司 | Advanced dewatering and dewatering system and method for sandstone aquifer and construction method |
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